Die Musik des Altertums . Albrecht Riethmuller , Frieder Zaminer . Die Musik des Altertums. "Neues Handbuch der Musikwissenschaft", Vol. 1 . Carl Dahlhaus . Music in Greek and Roman Culture . Giovanni Comotti , Rosaria V. Munson . Stringed Instruments of Ancient Greece . Martha Maas , Jane McIntosh Snyder . Ancient Greek Music Theory: A Catalogue Raisonne of Manuscripts. "Repertoire international des sources musicales", Vol. B 11 . Thomas J. Mathiesen .

The chapter studies ancient Greek music theory, primarily of the 5th and 4th centuries bce and throughout the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman eras. Instruments that must be tuned, either during manufacturing or right before performance, prompt reflection on pitch relations. Stringed instruments, which require repeated tuning, form the background of the earliest testimonies of “western” musical terminology, preserved in cuneiform texts from the second millennium bce. In the Greek world, an outburst of music-theoretical activity began around 500 bce, crystalizing, after about two centuries of lively discussion, in theoretical edifices whose principles remained largely unchallenged until late antiquity. Musical scales were the concern of the science named harmoniké, whereas other aspects of music-making are harder to analyze. Two harmonic traditions existed, one called “Pythagorean” emphasizing numerical ratios, and the other associated with Aristoxenus, focusing on musical perception. Both were explored and amplified in the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman eras, especially by Ptolemy.

Download Full-text

Going Through Hell; ΤΑΡΤΑΡΟΣ in Greco-Roman Culture, Second Temple Judaism, and Philo of Alexandria

Journal of Ancient Judaism ◽

10.30965/21967954-00403004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 352-378

Author(s):

Clint Burnett

Keyword(s):

Second Temple ◽

Second Temple Judaism ◽

Jewish Literature ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Philo Of Alexandria ◽

Second Temple Period ◽

Greco Roman ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Roman Culture ◽

Greek Myths

This article questions the longstanding supposition that the eschatology of the Second Temple period was solely influenced by Persian or Iranian eschatology, arguing instead that the literature of this period reflects awareness of several key Greco-Roman mythological concepts. In particular, the concepts of Tartarus and the Greek myths of Titans and Giants underlie much of the treatment of eschatology in the Jewish literature of the period. A thorough treatment of Tartarus and related concepts in literary and non-literary sources from ancient Greek and Greco-Roman culture provides a backdrop for a discussion of these themes in the Second Temple period and especially in the writings of Philo of Alexandria.

Download Full-text

FORGOTTEN UNITY OF BODY AND SOUL AND THE NEED FOR A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF SPORT

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij28072523s ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 2523-2529

Author(s):

Slobodan Marković ◽

Zoran Momčilović ◽

Vladimir Momčilović

Keyword(s):

Ancient Greece ◽

Point Of View ◽

Greek Philosophy ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Constructive Dialogue ◽

Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽

Philosophy Of Sport ◽

Body And Soul ◽

The Relationship ◽

Present Text

This text is an attempt to see sport in different ways in the light of ancient philosophical themes. Philosophy of sports gets less attention than other areas of the discipline that examine the other major components of contemporary society: philosophy of religion, political philosophy, aesthetics, and philosophy of science. Talking about sports is often cheap, but it does not have to be that way. One of the reasons for this is insufficiently paid attention to the relation between sport and philosophy in Greek. That is it's important to talk about sports, just as important as we are talking about religion, politics, art and science. The argument of the present text is that we can try to get a handle philosophically on sports by examining it in light of several key idea from ancient Greek philosophy. The ancient Greeks, tended to be hylomorphists who gloried in both physical and mental achievement. Тhe key concepts from Greek philosophy that will provide the support to the present text are the following: arete, sophrosyne, dynamis and kalokagathia. These ideals never were parts of a realized utopia in the ancient world, but rather provided a horizon of meaning. We will claim that these ideals still provide worthy standards that can facilitate in us a better understanding of what sports is and what it could be. How can a constructive dialogue be developed which would discuss differences in understanding of sport in Ancient Greece and today? In this paper, the authors will try to answer this question from a historical and philosophical point of view. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section of the paper presents two principally different forms or models of focus in sport competitions – focus on physical excellence or focus on game. The dialectic discourse regarding these two approaches to physical activity is even more interesting due to the fact that these two models take precedence over one another depending on context. In the second section of the paper, the focus shifts to theendemic phenomenon of the Ancient Greek Olympic Games, where the topic is discussed from the perspective of philosophy with frequent historical reflections on the necessary specifics, which observeman as a physical-psychological-social-spiritual being. In the third section of this paper, the authors choose to use the thoughts and sayings of the great philosopher Plato to indicate how much this philosopher wasactually interested in the relationship between soul and body, mostly through physical exercise and sport, because it seems that philosophers who came after him have not seriously dealt with this topic in Plato’s way, although they could.

Download Full-text

Religion without doctrine or clergy: the case of Ancient Greece

Journal of Institutional Economics ◽

10.1017/s1744137421000461 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

George Tridimas

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Interest Group ◽

Ancient Greece ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Greek Religion ◽

Distinct Class ◽

Religious Doctrine ◽

Moral Behaviour ◽

Mass Participation

Abstract The paper examines doctrinal and political reasons to explain why the Ancient Greek religion did not feature a distinct class of professional priests as suppliers of religious goods. Doctrinal reasons relate to worshiping a multitude of powerful anthropomorphic gods with flawed characters; absence of a founder of religion and of a scripture; lack of religious doctrine and of a code of moral behaviour and piety manifested as mass participation in rituals. These factors denied religious suppliers the opportunity to form a monopoly acting as an autonomous intermediary between humans and gods. Political reasons relate to the supremacy of the demos which watchfully guarded its decision-making powers and prevented other actors like a priestly interest group to challenge its authority.

Download Full-text

GEI. Greek Economic Inscriptions (online)

Axon ◽

10.30687/axon/2532-6848/2019/02/008 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Donatella Erdas ◽

Anna Magnetto

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

English Translation ◽

Technical Information ◽

Ancient Greece ◽

Economic Life ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Critical Editions ◽

Greek Economy ◽

Selection Of

In recent years the attention of modern scholars to ancient Greek economy has received impetus from a series of newly published documents of undisputed significance. The results have been a deeply renewed examination of consolidated theoretical positions, and a detailed analysis of specific aspects of the economic life of the polis. Within this framework the GEI project aims at providing an online collection of epigraphic documents related to the economy of ancient Greece. Some of these documents, already known or newly discovered, have never been collected in a selection of this kind. The project covers a period from the archaic age to 1st century BC. The selected texts are representative of the different areas of ancient Greek economy, and are marked-up using the EpiDoc encoding conventions. For each document all technical information has been provided along with existing critical editions, bibliography, a critical apparatus, an English translation and a commentary.

Download Full-text

FEATURES OF BECOMING AND DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND LEISURE PRACTICES IN ANCIENT GREECE

UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES ◽

10.17721/ucs.2017.1.17 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

I. V. Petrova

Keyword(s):

Ancient Greece ◽

Greek Life ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Theatrical Performances ◽

Strict Regulation ◽

Political Differences ◽

The Individual ◽

Voluntary Choice ◽

Political Groups ◽

Social Collective

The analysis features of becoming and development of cultural and leisure practices in Ancient Greece is the goal of the article. The author justifies the preconditions which formed the appropriate hierarchy of life values of ancient Greek and reated the base for leisure development in Ancient Greece. It has been determined the leading preconditions such as absolute kosmolohizm, religiosity and polytheism, mental features of ancient Greeks and agon of Greek life, human cultural activity, polis political system, special perception of freedom as condition of absence of bright expressed domination over the human and strict regulation of the individual behavior, his personality initiative, existence of free time that isn't occupied by routine and care of urgent daily needs. It has been revealed the essence of such cultural and leisure practices as symposiya, gymnasiya, professional, religious and political groups, agons, theatrical performances, visiting of agora and organization of events. It has been argued that the general patriarchal orientation of Greek civilization affected the system of leisure organization in Ancient Greece. It has been justified the opinion that value of leisure was being determined by its role in the aid of social balance: between thetendencies to integration and differentiation of society and to its unification and hierarchy. Therefore, there were coexistent leisure formsconnected with the opposite social tendencies: some leisure demonstrations were acceptable for all (or for most) groups of population, they unitedand consolidated it, and others, limited by some requirements, extended social, cultural and political differences. Consequently there is a distribution of leisure practices on private (in which people could to participate according to their interests), and social (collective); obligatory (the participation was compulsory), and voluntary (choice of which depended only on desires of people); "high" (addressed only to mental and physical development of people), and "inactive" (passiverecreation, entertainment or bodily pleasure).

Download Full-text

The Ancient Greek World

Taming the Unknown ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691149059.003.0003 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Victor J. Katz ◽

Karen Hunger Parshall

Keyword(s):

Public Life ◽

Ancient Greece ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Greek Society ◽

Greek World ◽

Geometrical Algebra

This chapter focuses on the mathematicians of Ancient Greece; more specifically, on the elements of geometrical algebra present in the works of Euclid and Apollonius, as well as the propositions of perhaps the greatest of the ancient mathematicians—Archimedes. Only fragmentary documentation exists of the actual beginnings of mathematics in Greece, though the concept and necessity of proofs in mathematics might have come about due to the unique climate of argument and debate fostered in Ancient Greek society. In fact, most of these early developments took place in Athens, one of the richest of the Greek states at the time and one where public life was especially lively and discussion particularly vibrant.

Download Full-text

Confronting the Ancient Greek Golden Age in Jules Dassin’s Phaedra (1962)

Screening the Golden Ages of the Classical Tradition ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474440844.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 119-136

Author(s):

Emma Scioli

Keyword(s):

Visual Imagery ◽

Golden Age ◽

Ancient Greece ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Greek Myth ◽

The World

In the second of three chapters examining Athens’ golden-age legacy, Scioli traces how Jules Dassin repeatedly draws attention to the origins of his 1962 melodrama Phaedra in Greek myth and tragedy through visual imagery, as a complement to his 1960 comedy Never on Sunday. Phaedra’s use of ancient Athenian art, and its suggestive modernization of elements from the ancient Athenian tragedyHippolytusand Racine’s 1677 adaptation Phèdre, force a confrontation with a particular modern formulation of the ancient Greek past. Dassin draws upon the golden age to characterize the world of ancient Greece that irrupts into the early 1960s setting of the film both visually and thematically. Rather than fostering nostalgia for a golden age that might prompt a desire for its return, Phaedra presents it as an intrusive presence from which its characters feel alienated, only to demonstrate that they are inextricably bound, in their modern dress, to repeat what the tragic past has prescribed for them. Such self-conscious appropriation of Athens’ literary-dramatic and artistic-material remains informs the tragic belatedness of Phaedra and reflects upon the American expatriate director’s sense of foreignness in the homeland of his lover and artistic muse, Greek actress and activist Melina Mercouri.

Download Full-text