Influence of seed storage conditions on seedling emergence, seedling growth and dry matter production of temperate forage grasses

Seed-placed KCl often adversely affects seed germination and seedling growth because of the high salt index of the material. By coating KCl granules the adverse effect of the KCl can be reduced. Two greenhouse experiments with canola, barley and wheat, and one experiment in the field with barley were conducted to determine if normally adverse levels of seed-placed KCl fertilizer could be reduced when polymer-coated KCl is used. The results show that the number of germinated seeds and seedling dry matter were higher with the seed-placed coated KCl than the seed-placed regular non-coated KCl. Key words: KCl fertilizer, polymer-coated KCl, germination, seedling dry matter

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Yield of maize grain and tropical grass species under intercropping management system using nicosulfuron herbicide in off-season cultivation

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1498 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1756-1763

Author(s):

Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽

Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽

Ademar Pereira Serra ◽

Roberto Giolo de Almeida

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Grass Species ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Matter Production ◽

Maize Grain

This research aimed to evaluate the maize grain yield and forage of grass species under intercropping system using nicosulfuron herbicide. In order to assess the parameters related to maize, a randomized block design was defined. The treatments were arranged in a (5 × 2+ 1) × 2 factorial design with four repetitions resulting in 11 treatments, where maize was cultivated under intercropping condition with different forage species (5) (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and maize monoculture (1) as control treatment, with and without nicosulfuron herbicide application (2) in two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). The off-season intercropping of maize with tropical forage grasses with and without herbicide suppression decreased maize grain yield. The suppression with nicosulfuron herbicide decreased the dry matter production of forage grasses. Intercropping of P. maximum cv. Mombaça with maize showed higher decrease in maize grain yield. On the other hand, it showed higher forage grasses production for livestock feeding. B. brizantha cv. Piatã was the forage which less affected maize grain yield under intercropping, even with absence of nicosulfuron suppression. Off-season maize under intercropping with tropical forages can be used to recover degraded pastures; increasing forage dry matter production for livestock, remaining the soil covered with straws with possibility of no-till seeding for the next cultivation.

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Phosphorus concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed: Influence on seedling growth and dry matter production

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf02851912 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 79-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. Zhang ◽

M. Nyborg ◽

W. B. McGill

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Matter Production

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Optimization of the Dry Matter Production Based on the Percentage Participation of Italian Ryegrass in Mixtures with Crimson Clover

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6441 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Florin MARIAN ◽

Alexandru MOISUC ◽

Luminita Cojocariu ◽

Dacian LALESCU ◽

Nicolae HORABLAGA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Adaptation Capacity ◽

Crimson Clover ◽

Matter Production ◽

Forage Mixtures

Annual forage mixtures are forage crops consisting of forage grasses (e.g. Italian ryegrass etc.) and annual clovers (e.g. Berseem clover, Crimson clover etc.) or mixtures of spring or autumn vetch with grain cereal (e.g. oats, barley, etc.) that are known as spring or autumn mash. The goal of this paper is to find the functional dependency of the average dry matter production of the Italian ryegrass (in the 67th phenophase) and Crimson clover mixture based on their different percentage participation in order to obtain the technical optimum in two variant of fertilization (N0P0K0 and N100P50K50). For this, we studied Italian ryegrass (I.r.) and Crimson clover (C.c.), both in pure and mixed culture, in the following proportions: I.r.75%+C.c.25%, I.r.50%+C.c.50%, I.r.25%+C.c.75%. In this paper we take in consideration the average dry matter production obtained in the experimental years 2007 – 2011 that allow us to have a few conclusions on the Italian ryegrass production capacity but also about the adaptation capacity of Crimson clover in Banat plain conditions. Results show that in the fertilized variant, there is an increasing of the percentage participation of Italian ryegrass in mixtures for which the maximum of dry matter production is realized than in the case of unfertilized variant, which shows that Italian ryegrass has a better response to chemical fertilizers than Crimson clover.

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Chemical and biological treatments of castor bean seeds: effects on germination, emergence and associated microorganisms

Revista Brasileira de Sementes ◽

10.1590/s0101-31222012000100003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Igor Villela Marroni ◽

Andrea Bittencourt Moura ◽

Bernardo Ueno

Keyword(s):

Chemical Treatment ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Matter Production ◽

Biological Treatments ◽

Total Seed

The effect of chemical and biological treatments on castor bean emergence, seedling vigor, dry matter production, and also the control of microorganisms associated with seeds of the AL Guarany 2002 and Lyra cultivars, was evaluated. The products tested were carbendazim + thiram, carboxin + thiram and a product based on Trichoderma. Total seed and seedling emergence were evaluated at 27 days after sowing whereas dry matter production was verified for plants removed 45 days after sowing. The Guarany 2002 AL cultivar had a higher incidence of microorganisms than the Lyra cultivar. The chemical treatment was 100% effective in controlling fungi but the biological treatment did not reduce microorganism incidence on the seeds. Chemical treatment resulted in plants with more dry matter and the best results were for carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram at doses of 60 g + 140 g and 50 g + 50 g/100 kg of seeds, respectively. The carbendazim + thiram mixture was the only treatment which was statistically higher for total emergence whereas the biological treatment increased emergence only for the Lyra cultivar, thus demonstrating its lower efficiency. The importance of fungicides to control pathogens associated with seeds was discussed.

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Genotypic evaluation of cowpea germplasm for salinity tolerance at germination and during seedling growth

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2021-0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 71-88

Author(s):

Eric Bertrand Kouam ◽

Toscani Ngompe-Deffo ◽

Honoré Beyegue-Djonko ◽

Marie Solange Mandou ◽

Asafor Henry Chotangui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Germination Traits

Abstract Soil salinity represents a major constraint limiting crop production in arid and semi-arid countries. The effect of salinity induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) was investigated on four germination traits and thirteen seedling growth characteristics in twenty cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes (ET11, KEB-CP004, KEB-CP006, KEB-CP009, KEB-CP 010, KEB-CP020, KEB-CP033, KEB-CP038, KEB-CP039, KEB-CP045, KEB-CP051, KEB-CP054, KEB-CP057, KEB-CP060, KEB-CP067, KEB-CP068, KEB-CP118, MTA22, NO74 and NO1036). The germination tests were carried out on Petri dishes in the laboratory while seedling growth experiments continued in plastic pots in the greenhouse, both setting up using a randomised complete block design with three replications. Genotypic responses were significant for all germination traits (p < 0.001). Germination percentage, germination rate index, and coefficient of velocity of germination were all decreased by salt stress. However, the mean germination time increased with increasing saline conditions. Significant differences were found between genotypes for most growth attributes. Growth rate (centimeter increased in height per week) decreased significantly with increasing salinity, starting at 100 mM NaCl (24.20% reduction, 2.66 cm / week) with maximum reduction (38.58%) corresponding to 2.16 cm/week observed at 200 mM NaCl, compared to control (3.51 cm/week growth rate). Also, significant decline in shoot weights, number of functional leaves and dry matter production were observed under salinity. Salinity also reduced water content in shoot and root and did not affect root weights. Under salinity, significant correlations were found between all germination variables (p < 0.001). Growth rate was significantly associated with ten out of the twelve other seedling growth traits. Also, the dry matter production under salinity was significantly associated with all other seedling growth characteristics with the exception of root water content. Given the effect of salt stress, cowpea genotypes, namely NO1036, KEB-CP004, KEB-CP038 and KEB-CP051, were the most tolerant while KEB-CP068 and ET11 were the most sensitive ones. The results confirm substantial genetic variation in salt stress tolerance among the studied genotypes. The most tolerant genotypes should be further explored in genetic improvement programs and should be promoted for culture in regions affected by salinity.

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