Characteristics of six layered Al/Si3N4 functionally graded materials prepared through two-step pressureless sintering process

The rapid advancement of the welding technology has simultaneously increased the demand for the online monitoring system in order to control the process. Among the methods that could be possibly used to assess the weld condition, an air-borne acoustic method grasps the attention from scholars due to its ability to provide a simple, non-contact, and low-cost measurement system. However, it is still lack of resources involving this subject in an attempt to deeply understand the emitted sound behaviour during welding especially when dealing with a complete deviation of a process parameter, welding types, workpiece material as well as the noise from the surrounding. This paper reviews the application of the acoustic method in monitoring the welding process. Specifically, this review emphasized the source of both structure-borne and air-borne acoustic during the welding process and the significance of applying the acoustic method in more detail. By focusing on the liquid state welding process, the scope of discussion converged on the arc and laser welding process. In the last part of this review, the potential future advancement of this method is pointed out before the overall conclusion is made.

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Biomimetic Functionally Graded Materials: Synthesis by Impeller-Dry-Blending

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.3.37 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 37-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D.T. Chavara ◽

Cyndi X. Wang ◽

Andrew Ruys

Keyword(s):

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Orthopaedic Implant ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Mollusc Shell ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Commercial Viability ◽

Graded Material ◽

Concentration Changes

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) can be found naturally in many biological structures, for example bamboo and the mollusc shell. They are defined as having a compositional or microstructural gradient, for example the gradation in fibre content in bamboo stems. A continuous bulk functionally graded material has the potential to be an ideal orthopaedic implant for load bearing applications. Due to the fabrication complexities involved in the production of these continuous bulk functionally graded materials, commercialisation and fabrication are still proving to be a challenge to researchers worldwide. This paper presents an overview of the redesigned novel commercially viable process known as the Impeller-Dry-Blending (IDB) process. Results presented in this paper of fabricated functionally graded materials illustrate the potential of IDB to produce continuous bulk functionally graded materials consisting of either compositional or porosity concentration changes. The successful fabrication of these continuous bulk functionally graded materials at such a low cost clearly demonstrates the commercial viability of the IDB process.

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Functionally Graded Biocomposites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.693 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 706-709 ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamad Reza Barzegari ◽

Denis Rodrigue

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Low Cost ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Property Variation ◽

Functionally Graded Composite ◽

Natural Wood

Functionally graded materials (FGM) are characterized by a gradual change in the volume fractions of two or more components as a function of position along certain dimensions. FGM has been introduced as an alternative to laminated composites where a mismatch in properties across each layer interface is the origin of stress concentration and a source of delamination/failure. In addition, the use of natural wood fibres as reinforcement has the advantage of easy manufacturing, low cost, biodegradability, negligible health hazards and high specific properties. Using short fibres in a controlled manner to produce functionally graded composites can provide more balanced properties and lead to improved stiffness/strength properties across thickness. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of functionally graded natural fibre composites. To study the effect of composite property variation, the functionally graded composite is divided into a number of homogeneous layers in order to evaluate the mechanical behavior. In particular, the effect wood fibre content variation across thickness on the tensile properties of the composites is presented.

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Call for papers on special issue “Advances in additive manufacturing: modeling, design, and application”

Materials International ◽

10.33263/materials21.048048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 048-048

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Low Cost ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Special Issue ◽

High Quality Research ◽

Graded Materials ◽

3D Printers ◽

New Applications

Aim & Scope: Additive Manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry. Building parts layer by layer makes fabrication of geometries which were impossible otherwise. Freedom of fabrication, rapid and low-cost prototyping, and reduction in material waste are only a few of advantages that AM offers to many industries from biomedical to aeronautics. Hence, AM is getting lots of interest over the past few years. These combined with lower cost of 3d printers is making this pace even faster. To keep up with the advancements in AM, this special issue aims to publish high quality research articles in the field of additive manufacturing and its related topics. This includes but not limited to alloy design for AM, new AM technologies and process optimization, process-microstructure-property, characterization of AM parts, modeling AM processes, topology optimization, fatigue, fracture, and failure analysis, tailoring properties, and functionally graded materials through AM. New applications are welcome, as well. We kindly invite you to submit a manuscript(s) for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

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Finite Element Analysis of Sintering Process for Functionally Graded Materials.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A ◽

10.1299/kikaia.65.1445 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 65 (635) ◽

pp. 1445-1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazunari SHINAGAWA ◽

Yasushi HIRASHIMA

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Graded Materials

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In-situ preparation of TiB2-TiB-Ti functionally graded materials by improved sintering process

Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed ◽

10.1007/s11595-015-1216-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 710-714

Author(s):

Guoxi Liu ◽

Kezhi Li ◽

Jinyong Zhang ◽

Fan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Graded Materials ◽

In Situ Preparation

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Simulation of temperature and stress distributions in functionally graded materials synthesized by a spark plasma sintering process

Computational Materials Science ◽

10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.03.024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 168-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sai Wei ◽

Zhao-Hui Zhang ◽

Xiang-Bo Shen ◽

Fu-Chi Wang ◽

Ming-Yan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spark Plasma Sintering ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Stress Distributions ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Spark Plasma

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TiB2/Cu Electrode Material Fabricated via SPS

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1555 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 475-479 ◽

pp. 1555-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Song Zhe Jin ◽

Hai Long Zhang ◽

Shu Sheng Jia ◽

Jing Feng Li

Keyword(s):

Temperature Gradient ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Conventional Sintering ◽

Spark Plasma

TiB2 and copper are difficult to be sintered together by conventional sintering process. In this article, the TiB2/Cu functionally graded materials (FGMs) were successfully fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, in which a temperature gradient was achieved by using a specially designed mold and a two-step sintering was performed. The SEM observations show that the TiB2/Cu FGMs have dense microstructures. The XRD analysis suggests that no new phases were introduced into the TiB2/Cu composites after mechanical milling or SPS process. The TiB2/(TiB2+Cu)/Cu FGMs are promising electrode materials of solar thermoelectric modules.

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Osseointegration of Cylindrical Zirconia–Alumina Functionally Graded materials, Dental implant by Electrophoretic Deposition

Ziggurat Journal of Materials Technology (ZJMT) ◽

10.36533/zjmt.v1i1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Awham Salman ◽

Nada Al-Ghaban ◽

Mohammed Eesa ◽

Alaa Atiyah ◽

Saad Farid

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Electrophoretic Deposition ◽

Low Cost ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Alumina Layer ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Graded Layers

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique is used to prepare zirconia–alumina composite layers based on the principle of functionally graded materials (FGM). The FGM were prepared with five layers. The outer layer was composed of pure α-alumina to promote biocompatibility while the inner layer was stabilised zirconia (3Y-TZP), to benefit from its tough properties. The intermediate layers were stepwise graded layers. The stability of the EPD suspensions was the main challenge during the preparation steps. Due to availability and low cost, alcoholic solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and toluene were used to control conductivity, dielectric constant and the viscosity of the suspension. The appropriately applied potential, (ζ), for the deposition of each layer, was achieved via gradation of the applied voltage, which was to optimise the packing of each layer and avoid cracking after sintering at 1500 °C. The cylindrical-shaped green specimens were obtained via deposition on graphite electrodes. A small amount of acetic acid was added during the deposition of the final outer alumina layer to introduce porosity, via the bubbling of acetic acid, to encourage osseointegration. The sintered specimens were implanted in rabbit tibial bone. In vivo histological tests showed the successful osseointegration of the implants to the rabbit bone.

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