Screening in Primary Care for Alcohol Use Compared With Smoking, Diet, and Physical Activity: A Repeated Population Survey in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Andreas Lundin ◽  
Mats Hallgren ◽  
Anna-Karin Danielsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

scholarly journals Individual-Level Determinants of Lifestyle Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States: Results of an Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4364
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Abiodun Oluyomi ◽  
LeChauncy Woodard ◽  
Syed Ahsan Raza ◽  
Maral Adel Fahmideh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors

This study examined individual-level determinants of self-reported changes in healthy (diet and physical activity) and addictive (alcohol use, smoking, and vaping) lifestyle behaviors during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in the USA. A national online survey was administered between May and June 2020 that targeted a representative U.S. sample and yielded data from 1276 respondents, including 58% male and 50% racial/ethnic minorities. We used univariate and multivariable linear regression models to examine the associations of sociodemographic, mental health, and behavioral determinants with self-reported changes in lifestyle behaviors. Some study participants reported increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors since the pandemic (i.e., 36% increased healthy eating behaviors, and 33% increased physical activity). However, they also reported increases in addictive lifestyle behaviors including alcohol use (40%), tobacco use (41%), and vaping (46%). With regard to individual-level determinants, individuals who reported adhering to social distancing guidelines were also more likely to report increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors (β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.21). Conversely, women (β = −0.37, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.12), and unemployed individuals (β = −0.33, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.02) were less likely to report increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors. In addition, individuals reporting anxiety were more likely to report increases in addictive behaviors (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.43). Taken together, these findings suggest that women and unemployed individuals may benefit from interventions targeting diet and physical activity, and that individuals reporting anxiety may benefit from interventions targeting smoking and alcohol cessation to address lifestyle changes during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Is there an association between perceived social support and cardiovascular health behaviours in people with severe mental illnesses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1659-1669
Author(s):  
Alexandra Burton ◽  
Kate Walters ◽  
Louise Marston ◽  
David Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Appointment Attendance

Abstract Purpose People with severe mental illnesses (SMI) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research in the general population suggests that social support may protect against increased CVD morbidity and mortality; however, this may not apply to those with SMI. We aimed to explore the association between perceived social support and attendance at primary care nurse CVD risk reduction clinic appointments and CVD risk-reducing behaviours in an SMI population with elevated CVD risk factors. Methods We used longitudinal and cross-sectional data from a randomised controlled trial on 326 adults with SMI recruited via 76 general practices in England. Multilevel regression analysis estimated the effect of perceived social support on attendance at CVD risk reduction clinic appointments over 6 months, and adherence to CVD medication, physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol use at baseline, adjusted by age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, psychiatric diagnosis and employment. Results Perceived social support predicted greater appointment attendance in unadjusted (IRR = 1.005; 1.000–1.010; p = 0.05) but not adjusted analysis (IRR = 1.003; 0.998–1.009; p = 0.25). Perceived social support was associated with greater adherence to medication; for each 1% increase in social support, there was a 4.2% increase in medication adherence (OR = 1.042; 1.015–1.070; p = 0.002). No association was found between greater perceived social support and greater physical activity, lower sedentary behaviour, healthier diet, lower alcohol use or being a non-smoker. Conclusions Social support may be an important facilitator for CVD medication adherence and is potentially important for primary care appointment attendance; however, alternative strategies might be needed to help people with SMI engage in physical activity, healthier diets and to reduce their smoking and alcohol use.

scholarly journals An Internet-Based Intervention Augmented With a Diet and Physical Activity Consultation to Decrease the Risk of Dementia in At-Risk Adults in a Primary Care Setting: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarin J Anstey ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin ◽  
Sarang Kim ◽  
Mitchell McMaster ◽  
Catherine D'Este ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

BACKGROUND There is a need to develop interventions to reduce the risk of dementia in the community by addressing lifestyle factors and chronic diseases over the adult life course. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate a multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention, Body Brain Life in General Practice (BBL-GP), targeting at-risk adults in primary care. METHODS A pragmatic, parallel, three-arm randomized trial involving 125 adults aged 18 years or older (86/125, 68.8% female) with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> or a chronic health condition recruited from general practices was conducted. The arms included (1) BBL-GP, a web-based intervention augmented with an in-person diet and physical activity consultation; (2) a single clinician–led group, Lifestyle Modification Program (LMP); and (3) a web-based control. The primary outcome was the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index Short Form (ANU-ADRI-SF). RESULTS Baseline assessments were conducted on 128 participants. A total of 125 participants were randomized to 3 groups (BBL-GP=42, LMP=41, and control=42). At immediate, week 18, week 36, and week 62 follow-ups, the completion rates were 43% (18/42), 57% (24/42), 48% (20/42), and 48% (20/42), respectively, for the BBL-GP group; 71% (29/41), 68% (28/41), 68% (28/41), and 51% (21/41), respectively, for the LMP group; and 62% (26/42), 69% (29/42), 60% (25/42), and 60% (25/42), respectively, for the control group. The primary outcome of the ANU-ADRI-SF score was lower for the BBL-GP group than the control group at all follow-ups. These comparisons were all significant at the 5% level for estimates adjusted for baseline differences (immediate: difference in means −3.86, 95% CI −6.81 to −0.90, <i>P</i>=.01; week 18: difference in means −4.05, 95% CI −6.81 to −1.28, <i>P</i>&lt;.001; week 36: difference in means −4.99, 95% CI −8.04 to −1.94, <i>P</i>&lt;.001; and week 62: difference in means −4.62, 95% CI −7.62 to −1.62, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS A web-based multidomain dementia risk reduction program augmented with allied health consultations administered within the general practice context can reduce dementia risk exposure for at least 15 months. This study was limited by a small sample size, and replication on a larger sample with longer follow-up will strengthen the results. CLINICALTRIAL Australian clinical trials registration number (ACTRN): 12616000868482; https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12616000868482.aspx.

scholarly journals An Internet-Based Intervention Augmented With a Diet and Physical Activity Consultation to Decrease the Risk of Dementia in At-Risk Adults in a Primary Care Setting: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/19431 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e19431
Author(s):  
Kaarin J Anstey ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin ◽  
Sarang Kim ◽  
Mitchell McMaster ◽  
Catherine D'Este ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Background There is a need to develop interventions to reduce the risk of dementia in the community by addressing lifestyle factors and chronic diseases over the adult life course. Objective This study aims to evaluate a multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention, Body Brain Life in General Practice (BBL-GP), targeting at-risk adults in primary care. Methods A pragmatic, parallel, three-arm randomized trial involving 125 adults aged 18 years or older (86/125, 68.8% female) with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 or a chronic health condition recruited from general practices was conducted. The arms included (1) BBL-GP, a web-based intervention augmented with an in-person diet and physical activity consultation; (2) a single clinician–led group, Lifestyle Modification Program (LMP); and (3) a web-based control. The primary outcome was the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index Short Form (ANU-ADRI-SF). Results Baseline assessments were conducted on 128 participants. A total of 125 participants were randomized to 3 groups (BBL-GP=42, LMP=41, and control=42). At immediate, week 18, week 36, and week 62 follow-ups, the completion rates were 43% (18/42), 57% (24/42), 48% (20/42), and 48% (20/42), respectively, for the BBL-GP group; 71% (29/41), 68% (28/41), 68% (28/41), and 51% (21/41), respectively, for the LMP group; and 62% (26/42), 69% (29/42), 60% (25/42), and 60% (25/42), respectively, for the control group. The primary outcome of the ANU-ADRI-SF score was lower for the BBL-GP group than the control group at all follow-ups. These comparisons were all significant at the 5% level for estimates adjusted for baseline differences (immediate: difference in means −3.86, 95% CI −6.81 to −0.90, P=.01; week 18: difference in means −4.05, 95% CI −6.81 to −1.28, P<.001; week 36: difference in means −4.99, 95% CI −8.04 to −1.94, P<.001; and week 62: difference in means −4.62, 95% CI −7.62 to −1.62, P<.001). Conclusions A web-based multidomain dementia risk reduction program augmented with allied health consultations administered within the general practice context can reduce dementia risk exposure for at least 15 months. This study was limited by a small sample size, and replication on a larger sample with longer follow-up will strengthen the results. Trial Registration Australian clinical trials registration number (ACTRN): 12616000868482; https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12616000868482.aspx.

Resources for health: A primary-care-based diet and physical activity intervention targeting urban Latinos with multiple chronic conditions.

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G. Eakin ◽  
Sheana S. Bull ◽  
Kimberley M. Riley ◽  
Marina M. Reeves ◽  
Patty McLaughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Older Patients’ Recall of Lifestyle Discussions in Primary Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoshana H. Bardach ◽  
Nancy E. Schoenberg ◽  
Britteny M. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Primary Care Visit ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Patient Recall ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Despite the known benefits of engaging in healthy diet and physical activity across the life span, suboptimal diet and physical inactivity are pervasive among older adults. While health care providers can promote patients’ engagement in health behaviors, patient recall of recommendations tends to be imperfect. This study sought to better understand older adults’ recall of dietary and physical activity discussions in primary care. One hundred and fifteen adults aged 65 and older were interviewed immediately following a routine primary care visit on whether and what they recalled discussing pertaining to diet and physical activity. Compared against transcripts, most patients accurately recalled their diet and physical activity discussions. The inclusion of a recommendation, and for diet discussions longer duration, increased the likelihood of patient recall for these health behavior discussions. These findings suggest that specific recommendations and an extra minute of discussion, at least for dietary discussions, increase the likelihood of accurate patient recall.

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