scholarly journals Italska terra sigillata iz rimske vile rustike u uvali Caska na otoku Pagu

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Grisonic ◽  
Nikola Stepan
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Rubbish Dumps ◽  
Augustan Age

The following article presents the results of the study of one part of the archaeological material found during the excavations of the villa rustica in Caska on the island of Pag. The investigations were conducted in 2005 and 2006 by the company Geoarheo d.o.o. from Sesvete. Two square underground storage rooms and earthenware jars (dolia), reused as rubbish dumps, contained a big quantity of ceramic vessels. Among them, the Italian terra sigillata stands out, imported during the Augustan age mainly from the northern Italian area (Po Valley), but also from central Italy. Of particular significance are the bottoms of plates and cups bearing the potters’ stamps, important in the attempt of reconstructing the trade routes in Antiquity. The graffiti engraved on several vessels could be interpreted as the first two or three letters of the names of slaves or freedmen of Greek origin, laboring for a big land owner. The epigraphic monuments found in Caska bay suggest that the land property with the villa rustica was owned by one branch of the senatorial family of the Calpurnii Pisones.

scholarly journals The Early Iron Age in South Italy

1907 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Peet
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The South ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
South Italy ◽  
History Of

To theorize with regard to the development of South Italy in prehistoric times is at once easy and dangerous: easy because the ascertained facts to be accounted for are few, dangerous because the chance of new and disconcerting discoveries is greatest in an unexplored territory. At the same time the theory which is at present most widely held with regard to the early iron age in South Italy is not entirely convincing. Until recently the history of South Italy in pre-Roman times was almost a complete blank, no explanation being possible because there were no facts to be explained. But the discoveries at Torre del Mordillo, Spezzano Calabrese, Piedimonte d'Alife, Cuma, Suessola, and other places have lately provided a certain basis for construction. Very few attempts, however, have been made to supply the explanation of these data; indeed archaeologists were already well employed upon the far more copious material of Northern and Central Italy. But in 1899 interest in the south of the Peninsula was heightened by Quagliati's discovery of a terramara at Tarentum. To anyone who has examined the immense mass of material from this site there can be no particle of doubt that the terramara of Scoglio del Tonno at Tarentum is exactly identical in type with the terremare of the Po valley.

scholarly journals Etruscan Foodways and Demographic Demands: Contextualizing Protohistoric Livestock Husbandry in Northern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Trentacoste
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Time

Domestic livestock were a crucial part of Mediterranean communities throughout later prehistory. In the first millennium BC, livestock mangement changed, and was changed by, the rise of cities in Italy. Italian prehistory has a rich zooarchaeological tradition, but investigation of the Iron Age has been regionally divided and synthetic works on the Po valley comparatively few. This article presents a pan-regional review of late prehistoric and protohistoric livestock exploitation that considers Northern and Central Italy together for the first time. Zooarchaeological comparison reveals an increase in the use of sheep/goat for secondary products, while cattle and caprines were subject to size changes that distinguish their management from that of pigs. A marked increase in pig husbandry is visible in both regions, but this shift took place earlier and more emphatically in Northern Etruscan centres than in Central Italy. After defining the main changes in animal management during the period under review, this article looks beyond population density to explore the wider environmental, economic, and cultural context of pork consumption and its relation to the development of urbanism in Etruria padana.

Irrigation, groundwater exploitation and cult of water in the rural settlements of Sabina, Central Italy, in Roman times

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
A. Di Leo ◽  
M. Tallini
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Ancient Times

Archaeological surveys conducted in Sabina, about 50 km away from Rome, intended to reconstruct the ancient agricultural and pastoral landscape. They identified interesting remains of roman small family farms at Montenero Sabino and Mompeo (province of Rieti), villages located near Via Salaria (the “salt way”) and the Farfa stream, a tributary of the Tiber River, which in ancient times, both were the main trade routes of central Italy, linking Rome to the Apennines and to the Adriatic coast. There a network of underground channels and tanks, fictile water pipes and pools, at times connected to one another, was found. Many of them are still used today, given the low population growth and the lack of modern industrial development of this area and to its isolation, in spite of its proximity to Rome. Moreover the study area holds a votive stone dedicated to the Sabine-Roman goddess of water Vacuna, a multiform Sabine and Central-Italic goddess with many characteristics and functions, known also as Minerva-Bellona-Victoria, Feronia, Caerere, or as Angerona-Angitia. It was related to an agricultural-pastoral shrine for the cult of water whose anthropological relevance still survives in yearly livestock fairs and in the local worship of the Holy Mary of parturients.

The role of teleconnection patterns in the increased drought frequency in Mediterranean climate: Some hints from central Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Romano ◽  
Franco Salerno ◽  
Anna Bruna Petrangeli ◽  
Nicolas Guyennon
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Common Signal

<p>Central Italy presents numerous factors potentially affecting the precipitation regime: 1) it includes both Tyrrhenian and Adriatic sides, the first exposed to Atlantic perturbation and generally more rainy, the second one possibly exposed also to Balkan streams; 2) due to the short distance between the two coasts (few tens of kilometres), also the more internal areas are prone to the influence of the sea; 3) at the same time, the highest reliefs of the Apennine chain are located in the region; 4) the Northern areas of the Adriatic side experience the influence of the continental climate, due to the Po Valley. The climate framework Central Italy sees in the last thirty years a tendency toward drier conditions and an increasing of drought events, mostly in frequency. To explore the variability in time and space of the precipitation regime in relation to the atmospheric patterns, land rainfall data collected and homogenised trough geostatistical approach over the period 1951-2019 in Central Italy have been analysed in relation to the following indexes: Winter NAO index, East Atlantic-West Russia index, Pacific/North America index, Polar/Eurasia index, Scandinavian index, Artic oscillation index, Western Mediterranean oscillation index. Focus of the analysis (1951-2019) is put on possible common signal between precipitation regime anomalies (on both Tyrrhenian and Adriatic side) and teleconnection patterns, sought through regression analysis and a wavelet and cross-wavelet decomposition. Results indicate that possible influence of some teleconnection patterns (particularly East Atlantic, East Atlantic/Western Russia and NAO) on the precipitation regime is limited to winter and early spring for the Tyrrhenian side, and to summer for the Adriatic side. Moreover, the analysis of the mean wavelet time series-period indicates an increasing in frequency of drought episodes for the last 20 years on both sides of the study area.</p>

The Triumph of the Tyrrhenians, 800 BC–400 BC

The Great Sea ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abulafia
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Sea Power ◽  
Artistic Styles ◽  
The Creation

The importance of the Etruscans does not simply lie in the painted tombs whose lively designs captivated D. H. Lawrence, nor in the puzzle of where their distinctive language originated, nor in the heavy imprint they left on early Rome. Theirs was the first civilization to emerge in the western Mediterranean under the impetus of the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean. Etruscan culture is sometimes derided as derivative, and the Etruscans have been labelled ‘artless barbarians’ by one of the most distinguished experts on Greek art; anything they produced that meets Greek standards is classified as the work of Greek artists, and the rest is discarded as proof of their artistic incompetence. Most, though, would find common cause with Lawrence in praising the vitality and expressiveness of their art even when it breaks with classical notions of taste or perfection. But what matters here is precisely the depth of the Greek and oriental imprint on Etruria, the westward spread of a variety of east Mediterranean cultures, and the building of close commercial ties between central Italy, rarely visited by the Mycenaeans, and both the Aegean and the Levant. This was part of a wider movement that also embraced, in different ways, Sardinia and Mediterranean Spain. With the rise of the Etruscans – the building of the first cities in Italy, apart from the very earliest Greek colonies, the creation of Etruscan sea power, the formation of trading links between central Italy and the Levant – the cultural geography of the Mediterranean underwent a lasting transformation. Highly complex urban societies developed along the shores of the western Mediterranean; there, the products of Phoenicia and the Aegean were in constant demand, and new artistic styles came into existence, marrying native traditions with those of the East. Along the new trade routes linking Etruria to the east came not just Greek and Phoenician merchants but the gods and goddesses of the Greeks and the Phoenicians, and it was the former (along with a full panoply of myths about Olympus, tales of Troy and legends of the heroes) that decisively conquered the minds of the peoples of central Italy.

Funerary practices and sacerdotal rank in pre-Roman northern and central Italy: new data for interpreting the ‘ritual shovel’

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 312-326
Author(s):  
Federica Sacchetti
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Metal Object ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
Object A ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Ritual Practices

In Early Iron Age cultures (the Golasecca, Este and Villanovan/Etruscan of the Po valley in the 7th-4th c. B.C.), a characteristic metal object has often been linked to unspecified ritual practices of protohistoric Italic peoples, raising various archaeological, anthropological and religious questions. This object, a ‘ritual shovel’ (Italian: paletta rituale; German: Bronzepalette) was first described by G. Ghirardini, who published two examples, one from Padua and one in Rome's Pigorini Museum. In 1902, he drew up a catalogue of 13 pieces and attempted to establish the first chronological sequence. During the first half of the 19th c., various pieces were published, but no studies addressed the typological, chronological and functional questions relating to the ritual shovel until M. Zuffa focused on it, providing what is still the most recent catalogue and the only discussion (fig. 1).

Elementy obrządku pogrzebowego

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Cieślak-Kopyt
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
Rectangular Groove ◽  
Bone Remains

A total of 65 Przeworsk culture features were discovered in the Żelazna Nowa cemetery. This number included a rectangular groove feature, urned cremations (6), alleged/damaged urned cremations (14), unurned cremations (14), alleged/fully or partly damaged unurned cremations (27), pits containing no bone material (4), undtermined cremations (2), pits containing no archeological material (1). All of the explored burials are cremations. However, a more detailed analysis encounters problems due to the state of preservation of the graves. Features 3, 19A and 19B, 30, 33, 37, 39 have been confidently identified as urned cremations. In many other features fragments of ceramic vessels were found, which may be remains of damaged urns: 18, 21, 23, 25, 31, 35, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57, and 58. Certain unurned cremations are 4, 6, 7, 8, 11–13, 15–17, 22, 24, 32, and 34. The interpretation of the remaining features is uncertain. Among the features uncovered in the cemetery were pits containing no bones: 5, 60, 61, 62, as well as pits containing no archaeological material at all: 55. The majority of unurned cremations contained pyre debris, while no such remains were observed in the following damaged unurned cremations: 15, 40–42, 45, 61, 62. There were a few cases of double burials identified. Three unurned cremations (6, 13, 15) and one urned cremation (39) contained bones of Infans I and an undetermined individual, while feature 19 contained two urns with individual burials: Infans II and an undetermined individual. Urned cremations, and one alleged unurned cremation (56), are distinguished by a higher standard of furnishing and a considerably larger amount of bone remains. This can be given two interpretations: a higher status of those buried there, or different rituals used for urned and unurned cremations. In two graves the urn was covered with an upturned vessel (features 33 and 37). In one case, an apotropaic behaviour characteristic of the Przeworsk culture was recorded, involving driving sharp objects into the pit’s bottom: in grave 41 these were two spearheads.

scholarly journals Zoonotic leishmaniasis and heartworm disease in Italy: changing epidemiological scenarios and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Mendoza-Roldan ◽  
Giovanni Benelli ◽  
Rossella Panarese ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Tommaso Furlanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Heartworm Disease

Abstract Background: For long time, canine leishmaniosis (CanL) was considered endemic in the southern, central, and insular regions of Italy, whereas heartworm disease (HW) by Dirofilaria immitis in the northern region and in the swampy Po valley. Following the reports of new foci of both diseases, in this study we update the distribution patterns and occurrence of new foci of CanL and HW discussing the main drivers for the changes in the epidemiology of these two important zoonotic canine vector-borne diseases.Methods: Based on the statistical analyses of serological assays (n=90,633) on CanL and HW performed by reference diagnostic centres in Italy over a ten-year period (2009–2019), the distribution patterns of both diseases were herein presented along with the occurrence of new foci.Results: Results highlighted the changing distribution patterns of CanL vs HW disease in Italy. CanL is now also endemic in the northern regions and HW has endemic foci in central and southern regions and islands. Significant differences in CanL and HW prevalence among the study macroareas were detected. The overall prevalence of CanL was 28.2% in Southern Italy and Islands, 29.6% in Central Italy and 21.6% in Northern Italy and that of HW of 2.83% in northern Italy, 7.75% in central Italy and 4.97% in southern Italy and islands. HW prevalence significantly varied over years (χ2=108.401, d.f.=10, p<0.0001), gradually increasing from 0.77% in 2009 to values ranging from 5.19-8.47% in 2016-2017.Conclusions: The new epidemiological scenarios have been discussed according to a range of factors (e.g. environmental modifications, occurrence of competent insect vectors, transportation of infected animals to non-endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis or vector preventative measures), which may affect the current distribution. Overall, results advocate for epidemiological surveillance programs, more focussed preventative and control measures even in areas where few or none cases of both diseases have been diagnosed.

Form and Meaning in Etruscan Ritual Space

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedia E. Izzet
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Ritual Space ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Material Evidence

Monumental sanctuaries in Central Italy, more specifically South Etruria, appear suddenly in the middle of the first millennium bc. Ancient Greek and Roman authors wrote about the Etruscans, and the Etruscans themselves produced a mass of material evidence which they buried in their tombs, and which drew on Classical elements including mythology. As a result of the wealth and breadth of archaeological material, this society provides much, so far unexplored, scope for cognitive investigation. Here my concern is why sanctuaries emerged in the late sixth century, and why the highly codified temple architecture of South Etruria took the form that it did.

scholarly journals On a report that the 2012 <i>M</i> 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Thomas ◽  
F. Masci ◽  
J. J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Satellite Photograph

Abstract. Several recently published reports have suggested that semi-stationary linear-cloud formations might be causally precursory to earthquakes. We examine the report of Guangmeng and Jie (2013), who claim to have predicted the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in the Po Valley of northern Italy after seeing a satellite photograph (a digital image) showing a linear-cloud formation over the eastern Apennine Mountains of central Italy. From inspection of 4 years of satellite images we find numerous examples of linear-cloud formations over Italy. A simple test shows no obvious statistical relationship between the occurrence of these cloud formations and earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy. All of the linear-cloud formations we have identified in satellite images, including that which Guangmeng and Jie (2013) claim to have used to predict the 2012 earthquake, appear to be orographic – formed by the interaction of moisture-laden wind flowing over mountains. Guangmeng and Jie (2013) have not clearly stated how linear-cloud formations can be used to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, and they have not published an account of all of their predictions (including any unsuccessful predictions). We are skeptical of the validity of the claim by Guangmeng and Jie (2013) that they have managed to predict any earthquakes.

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