Vegetation and Community Structure of Mangrove in Bama Resort Baluran National Park Situbondo East Java

Ecotourism development program at Bama beaches area require baseline data of mangrove structure at Bama Resort and in the past two decades has been lost about 35% area of mangrove forest in Indonesia and in the worldThe aims of this study was to find structure, composition, distribution and zonation patterns of mangroves at Bama Resort Baluran Nasional Park. Ten belt-transects were laid perpendicular to the shoreline, using standard methods. Vegetation structure was determined using data collected on plant species diversity, density, basal area, and the number of each species of mangroves. Shannon Wiener index to calculated diversity, evennes and Simpson to calculated dominance index. The results show there are 2 families and 6 mangrove species occurring in the study areas that is Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Ceriops tagal) and Araceae (Nypa fruticans). The highest importance value was R. apiculata (229.90%) for trees, R. apiculata (148.69%) for the sapling, and R. apiculata (244.83%) for the seedling. The diversity (H) and dominance index (C) values were moderate (1.79) and 0.521. The most dominant species was R. apiculata (C=0.487). The mangrove zonation pattern from coastline to the mainland was R. stylosa, R. mucronata, and R. apiculata, in the outer zone, respectively (zone directly adjacent to the sea); B. gymnorrhiza and C. tagal in the middle zone; and N. fruticans in the zone that adjacent to the mainland. The present study will aid in the conduct and preservation planning of mangrove forest especially at Bama coast and generally in the coastal areas of Indonesia.

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KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI ◽

10.26418/jhl.v7i1.31251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽

M Sofwan Anwari ◽

Hafiz Ardian

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽

Rhizophora Apiculata ◽

Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

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Diversity and distribution of mollusks at three zones of mangrove in Pejarakan, Bali, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

Author(s):

I KETUT GINANTRA ◽

I KETUT MUKSIN ◽

IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA ◽

MARTIN JONI

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Forest Conservation ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Mangrove Area ◽

Faunal Diversity ◽

Morisita Index ◽

Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Ginantra IK, Muksin IK, Suaskara IBM, Joni M. 2020. Diversity and distribution of mollusks at three zones of mangrove in Pejarakan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4636-4643. The diversity of mangrove species in mangrove zonations on the coast of Pejarakan plays an important role in the existence of faunal diversity, including those from mollusks. Mollusks are the dominant phylum associated with mangrove habitats, in addition to the species of the Crustacean subphylum. This research aimed to determine the diversity of mollusks and their distribution patterns in three mangrove zones in Pejarakan, Buleleng District, Bali Province, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted by establishing sampling plots across three mangrove zones, i.e. seaward zone, middle zone, and landward zone. There were 23 sampling plots in total with size of each plot was 1x1m. The species and number of individuals of each species of mollusks were recorded in each quadrat plot. The diversity of mollusks was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and dominance index, while the pattern of distribution of mollusks was measured using the Morisita index. The results of the study found 27 species of mollusks, consisting of 19 species from Gastropods group, 7 species from Bivalvia group and 1 species from Polyplacophora (chiton). The seaward zone showed the highest species diversity, while the landward zone had the lowest. Terebralia palustris had the highest abundance with 217 individuals/m2 and was distributed in the three mangrove zones. Planaxis sulcatus showed the highest abundance (87 ind./m2) in the seaward zone, and Telescopium telescopium showed a fairly high abundance and were distributed in the mid zone and the landward zone. In general, mollusks in the mangrove area of Pejarakan was distributed in a group/clustered pattern. The data from this research can serve as a reference in mangrove forest conservation efforts and mangrove forest used for ecotourism.

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FLORISTIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGROVE FOREST OF RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽

10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.413 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Suhardjono Prawiroatmodjo ◽

Kuswata Kartawinata

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Basal Area ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Importance Value ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Apiculata ◽

West Papua

We studied the floristic compostion and structure of mangrove forests and mangrove species distribution at the Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua We sampled the forests using (10x10 m) quadrats to record trees and saplings laid out contiguously along 9 transects of 60 – 450 m long, stretching perpendicularly from the coastlines or riverbanks to the landward borders. Seedlings were sampled using a 1x1 m subplot nested in each quadrat. The transects were established on the islands of Batanta (6), Salawati (2). and Waigeo (1). Within quadrats and transects we recorded 17 mangrove species of trees with density of 768 stems/ha and basal area of 37.82 m2/ha and tree height of 10 – 30 m. Two species possessed the highest importance value (IV) , frequency, density and basal area i.e. Rhizophora apiculata (IV=168.06 %) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (IV=67.18). They also showed the highest similarity in their distribution, indicating highest degree of association. The mangrove at Raja Ampat may, therefore, be designated as the Rhizophora apiculata-Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Association. Other species with highest degree of distributional similarities but with low densities, basal areas and importance values were Barringtonia racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Inocarpus fagifera, Lumnitzera littorea and Sterculia shillinglawii, of which four of them are not true mangrove species, usually growing on less saline and more solid soils. The floristic composition of the transects in the three islands showed relatively high similarities of about 70 % and at higher similarities the transects in Batanta Island formed four groups, Salawati Island two groups and Waigeo Island one group.The Bray-Curtis polar ordination resulted in four groups of transects, which were related to the habitat conditions and the length of the transects. Species diversity in the islands was very low, where the Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.19 to 0.64 giving the average of 0.42. Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were gregenerating well and in the future they will remain dominant. The mangrove forests of the Raja Ampat Islands by any means should be maintained as green belts and protected from all kinds of destruction and should be made into conservation areas in order to sustain its ability to provide ecological services and non-destructive economic benefits.

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Struktur dan Komposisi Hutan Mangrove di Kampung Sakartemin Distrik Fakfak Tengah, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua Barat

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.1108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81

Author(s):

Gail Watofa ◽

Ning S. Astuti ◽

Amadion Andika Wanaputra

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Tree Level ◽

Survey Method ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Mangrove Vegetation ◽

The Government

Sakartemin is one of the village Fakfak Regency which has naturally growing mangrove forest. However, due to the economic development, the government should build up some infrastructures near by those mangrove forest. The disturbance nearby mangrove ecosystem cause changes in structure and composition of mangrove vegetation. This study aims to identify the types of mangrove vegetation and to find out the structure and composition of mangrove forest in Sakartemin Village, Central Fakfak District, Fakfak Regency. The method that used in this study is vegetation survey method combining path and checkered line method. The result shown that mangrove species in the sakartemin village consist of 5 families, namely: Rhizophoraceae, Meliaceae, Soneratiaceae, Pandanaceae, and Myrsinaceae which consists of 7 species namely: Rhizophora stylosa, R. apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum, Soneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnhoriza, Pandanus sp., and Aegiceras corniculatum. At the seedling level found 1002 individuals, sapling level found 404 individuals, and tree level found 319 individuals. The highest importance value index (IVI) at seedling level was R. stylosa 55.41% and the lowest was A. corniculatum 9.49%. The highest IVI at sapling level was R. apiculata 57.72% and the lowest was Pandanus 5.49%. The highest IVI at the tree level was R. apiculata 88.62% and the lowest was B. gymnhoriza 42.45%.Key words: Sakartemin village; mangrove; structure; composition; Fakfak.

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Mangrove diversity and suitability assessments for ecotourism in Cimalaya Wetan Coast, Karawang District, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Giok Pin Tjiong ◽

Jatna Supriatna ◽

Noverita Dian Takarina ◽

Rudy Parluhutan Tambunan

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Common Species ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Suitability Index ◽

Plant Families ◽

Avicennia Alba

Abstract. Pin TG, Supriatna J, Takarina ND, Tambunan RP. 2021. Mangrove diversity and suitability assessments for ecotourism in Cimalaya Wetan Coast, Karawang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 803-810. Mangrove forest has been a popular ecotourism destination recently. One of the methods to assess the mangrove potential for ecotourism is by using Tourism Suitability Index (TSI). This study was aimed to assess the ecotourism potentials of mangrove forest sizing of 56.43 hectares in Cilamaya Wetan Sub-district, Karawang District, West Java Province, Indonesia using the TSI method. To assess the mangrove variables, 10 sampling stations have been selected across the coast. In each station, 10 sample plots sizing of 10 m x 10 m have been established. The TSI was measured based on mangrove variables including species diversity, density, and thickness. We recorded six mangrove plant species belonging to three plant families. Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, were common species found along the coast. Shannon-Wiener index (H’) showed that the west and east parts of Cimalaya Wetan had high mangrove diversity compared to the central part. The TSI analysis showed that the most suitable areas of mangrove forests for ecotourism were 32.18 hectares (57.11% of the total area), mainly located in the east part of the coast. Moreover, the moderate and least suitable areas were 19.12 hectares (33.94%) and 5.03 hectares (8.93%), respectively, and located in the central part of the coast.

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Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics

10.5194/bg-2021-255 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masaya Yoshikai ◽

Takashi Nakamura ◽

Rempei Suwa ◽

Sahadev Sharma ◽

Rene Rollon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Field Data ◽

Salinity Gradient ◽

Carbon Gain ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Plant Hydraulics

Abstract. In mangrove forests, soil salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors determining mangrove forest distribution and productivity as it limits plant water uptake and carbon gain. However, salinity control on mangrove productivity through plant hydraulics has not been investigated by existing mangrove models. Thus, we present a new individual-based model linked with plant hydraulics to incorporate physiological characterization of mangrove growth under salt stress. Plant hydraulics was associated with mangroves nutrient uptake and biomass allocation apart from water flux and carbon gain. The developed model was performed for two-coexisting species of Rhizophora stylosa and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in a subtropical mangrove forest in Japan. The model predicted that the productivity of both species was affected by soil salinity through downregulation of stomatal conductance, while B. gymnorrhiza trees grow faster and suppress the growth of R. stylosa trees by shading that resulted in a B. gymnorrhiza-dominated forest under low soil salinity conditions (< 28 ‰). Alternatively, the increase in soil salinity significantly reduced the productivity of B. gymnorrhiza compared to R. stylosa, leading to an increase in biomass of R. stylosa despite the enhanced salt stress (> 30 ‰). These predicted patterns in forest structures across soil salinity gradient remarkably agreed with field data, highlighting the control of salinity on productivity and tree competition as factors that shape the mangrove forest structures. The model reproducibility of forest structures was also supported by the predicted self-thinning processes, which likewise agreed with field data. In addition, the mangroves morphological adjustment to increasing soil salinity – by decreasing transpiration and increasing hydraulic conductance – was reasonably predicted. Aside from the soil salinity, seasonal dynamics in atmospheric variables (solar radiation and temperature) was highlighted as factors influencing mangrove productivity in a subtropical region. The physiological principle-based improved model has the potential to be extended to other mangrove forests in various environmental settings, thus contributing to a better understanding of mangrove dynamics under future global climate change.

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The anatomical basis of the link between density and mechanical strength in mangrove branches

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp12204 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 400 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nadia S. Santini ◽

Nele Schmitz ◽

Vicki Bennion ◽

Catherine E. Lovelock

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Carbon Gain ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Anatomical Basis

Tree branches are important as they support the canopy, which controls photosynthetic carbon gain and determines ecological interactions such as competition with neighbours. Mangrove trees are subject to high wind speeds, strong tidal flows and waves that can damage their branches. The survival and establishment of mangroves partly depend on the structural and mechanical characteristics of their branches. In addition, mangroves are exposed to soils that vary in salinity. Highly saline conditions can increase the tension in the water column, imposing mechanical stresses on the xylem vessels. Here, we investigated how mechanical strength, assessed as the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR), and density relate to the anatomical characteristics of intact mangrove branches from southeast Queensland and whether the mechanical strength of branches varies among mangrove species. Mechanical strength was positively correlated with density of mangrove intact branches. Mechanical strength (MOE) varied among species, with Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. branches having the highest mechanical strength (2079 ± 176 MPa), and Rhizophora stylosa Griff. and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny ex Lam. and Poiret having the lowest mechanical strength (536.8 ± 39.2 MPa in R. stylosa and 554 ± 58.2 MPa in B. gymnorrhiza). High levels of mechanical strength were associated with reductions in xylem vessel lumen area, pith content and bark content, and positively associated with increases in fibre wall thickness. The associations between mechanical strength and anatomical characteristics in mangrove branches suggest trade-offs between mechanical strength and water supply, which are linked to tree growth and survival.

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Diversity of Butterflies (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Around Campus 4 of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.26740/jrba.v3n2.p54-62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

Ichsan luqmana Indra Putra ◽

Tasya Aulia Putri ◽

Haris Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Vacant Land ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Inferential Analysis ◽

Sweep Net

The conversion of land functions can result in a decrease of environmental quality, which can reduce the diversity of butterflies. This study aimed to determine the diversity level and to find the most abundant and less abundant butterfly species around campus 4 UAD. The sampling was done at campus area, vacant land, rice fields and housing sites. Each of these sites had 2 plots and consisted of 5 subplots, respectively. Sampling was carried out four times, which was done in the morning at 08.00 - 11.00 and in the afternoon at 15.00 - 17.00. Butterflies caught using a sweep net. The data were analyzed by inferential analysis, namely Pearson correlation test. The calculation of the diversity level of butterflies was carried out by calculating the importance value index, the diversity Shannon-Wiener index, and the Simpson dominance index. The results showed that the diversity level of Shannon Wiener index of butterflies around the campus 4 UAD showed a low level (0.67). The species of butterflies found around campus 4 UAD were Acraea violae, Aphrissa statira, Appias libythea, Appias olferna, Catopsilia pyranthe, Catopsilia Scylla, Danaus Chrysippus, Elymnias hypermnestra, Junonia almana, and Junonia atlites. The most abundant butterfly was C. pyranthe with 125 individuals whereas the least abundant was A. libythea with 1 individual. This suggested that the ecosystem around campus 4 UAD is disturbed category; causing instability of the diversity that exists, including butterflies.

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Characteristics of gap regeneration in mangrove forests of Dong Rui, Tien Yen, Quang Ninh

TAP CHI SINH HOC ◽

10.15625/0866-7160/v40n2.13243 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137

Author(s):

Nguyen Hoang Hanh ◽

Mai Sy Tuan ◽

Pham Hong Tinh ◽

Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Kandelia Obovata ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Ecological Dominance ◽

Satellite Image Analysis ◽

Quang Ninh

Field surveys using unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring were conducted in combination with satellite image analysis to evaluate the characteristics of gaps inside mangrove forest vegetation in Dong Rui commune, Tien Yen district, Quang Ninh province as well as the natural regeneration inside these gaps. A total of 15 gaps was located in four survey plots totaling 22,500 m2, among which four different types of mangrove forest communities were found, being dominated by (1) Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; (2) Aegriceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; (3) Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora stylosa; and (4): Aegriceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovata, respectively. Based on observations from 2012 to 2018, changes in regenerated tree densities were similar between gaps with a poor diversity of 2–5 species resembling the composition of the surrounding canopy. In some gaps, species not found in the nearby vegetation were observed with lower densities. Thus, the regeneration and patching of the mangrove forest gaps in Dong Rui were quite uniform at a midium rate. Species composition inside gaps did not differ significantly from the surrounding magrove forest communities. However, the ecological dominance of each species varied over time, depending on several natural factors and human actitvities where gaps were formed..

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Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 259-266

Author(s):

FAIZAL KASIM ◽

MIFTAHUL KHAIR KADIM ◽

SITTI NURSINAR ◽

ZULKIFLI KARIM ◽

ALDIN LAMALANGO

Keyword(s):

Similarity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Current Status ◽

Survey Method ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Apiculata ◽

The Mean

Kasim F, Kadim MK, Nursinar S, Karim Z, Lamalango A. 2019. Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, North Gorontalo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 259-266. This study aimed to investigate and compare the current status of mangrove areas, as well as the composition and species diversity of mangrove stands in both regions of Dudepo and Ponelo Islands. The results showed that the mangrove areas calculated using the segmentation method in classifying image of Landsat-8 OLI (acquisition on September 2017) were 279.46 ha (Dudepo Island) and 113.35 ha (Ponelo Island) respectively. A total of 13 species of true mangrove were recorded from both islands, using survey method from 9 transect lines (TL), with a distance ranging from 40 to 210 meters (1-6 quadrats) per transect. The mean densities of trees were 2133 ± 329.78 ha-1 (Dudepo Island) and 2111 ± 234.28 ha-1 (Ponelo Island), while those of saplings and seedlings were 58 ± 13.48 ha-1 and 1425 ± 113.96 ha-1 (Dudepo Island), and 79 ± 14.51 ha-1 and 2963 ± 443.22 ha-1 (Ponelo Island). The mean diameter and basal area were 19.73 ± 10.65 cm and 84.22 ± 67.67 m2ha-1 (Dudepo Island), 17.04 ± 1.46 cm and 60.07 ± 15.12 m2ha-1 (Ponelo Island), respectively. The Importance Value Index (IVI) ranged between 3.97-114.87 (Dudepo Island) and 6.04-82.18 (Ponelo Island). The dominant and codominant species based on IVI in both islands were Rhizophora apiculata Blume and R. stylosa Griff. The indexes of diversity, richness, and evenness of mangrove species in both islands were 0.34-1.70, 0.48-1.18, 0.47-0.94 (trees), 0.00-1.10, 0.00-1.82, 0.00-1.00 (saplings), and 0.00.-1.48, 0.00-1.44, 0.72-1.00 (seedlings), respectively. The Bray-Curtis similarity index between Dudepo and Ponelo Islands, based on the overall values of community attributes, was 0.75.

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