THE IN VITRO UPTAKE BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES OF LABELLED L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN CASES OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE RETENTION AND RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorkild Friis ◽  
H. P. Østergaard Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT The uptake by human erythrocytes of labelled l-triiodothyronine in the presence of homologous plasma was measured in 25 patients with chronic bronchitis with varying degrees of CO2 retention and in 33 patients with chronic pyelonephritis with varying degrees of uraemia. Increased T3 uptake was found in 20 patients with chronic bronchitis and in 20 patients with uraemia. Cross experiments make it probable that the chief reason for this increase both in patients with bronchitis and with pyelonephritis is due to a reduction in the binding capacity of serum protein for l-triiodothyronine. In the patients with bronchitis increased Pco2 and reduced oxygen saturation in arterial blood were accompanied by increased T3 uptake by the erythrocytes. In the patients with nephritis increasing serum creatinine was accompanied by increased T3 uptake. No relationship could be found between the extent of the acidosis and the T3 uptake.

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE 131I LABELLED L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AS AN INDEX OF THYROID FUNCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Woldring ◽  
A. Bakker ◽  
H. Doorenbos
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT The red cell triiodothyronine uptake technique as used in our hospital is described. Incubation time is of almost no importance. The temperature during incubation should be 37° C. Further improvement of the technique is obtained when all blood samples are brought up to 40 % haematocrit prior to incubation. Clinical results are discussed. It is yet too early to give a definite assessment of its clinical value, but it is definitely superior to the measurement of the BMR.

Carbon dioxide buffering in man

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard B. Berman ◽  
Thomas F. O'Connor ◽  
Peter C. Luchsinger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Electrolyte Excretion ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Normal Adults

The administration of tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) to six normal adults was followed by a series of changes in ventilation, arterial blood and urine. Alveolar ventilation and oxygen saturation fell significantly, as did alveolar CO2 excretion and tidal volume. Alveolar and blood CO2 tension rose slightly. Blood bicarbonate rose while other electrolytes were essentially unchanged. Urinary pH and electrolyte excretion increased strikingly without any change in endogenous creatinine clearances. No toxic effects were observed. The findings suggest that THAM cannot presently be recommended for clinical use in the treatment of respiratory acidosis, unless some means of stimulating respiration are also provided. Submitted on November 19, 1959

ALTERATIONS OF THYROXINE-BINDING PROTEIN IN CLINICALLY HYPO- AND HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS WITH NORMAL PBI LEVEL

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Lemarchand-Béraud ◽  
M.-R. Assayah ◽  
A. Vannotti
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT Six patients, clinically hypothyroid in spite of a normal or elevated protein-bound iodine (PBI) level, and six hyperthyroid patients with a low level of PBI are described. In these patients, a probable modification of the transport of the thyroid hormones is revealed by means of in vitro uptake of T3 by erythrocytes (Hamolsky's test) and by the determination of the binding capacity of the thyroxine-binding protein (TBP or TBG). In the first group, the labelled triiodothyronine uptake by the erythrocytes is low and the TBP-binding capacity is higher than normal. In the second group, the elevated percentage of free hormones and the low TBP-binding capacity may partly explain the hyperthyroidism despite the low PBI level. PBI concentration in the thyrotoxic range with high TBP binding capacity, is also demonstrated in infectious hepatitis. The meaning of these results is discussed.

scholarly journals THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE BLOOD IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis W. Peabody
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Molecule

In most cases of uncomplicated lobar pneumonia the decrease of respiratory surface is completely compensated for, and the oxygen content of the blood is within normal limits. Occasional cases of uncomplicated pneumonia have an oxygen content of the venous blood which is below normal. In the two cases reported here, this was associated with a carbon dioxide content of the blood which was higher than normally, and the condition was apparently due to an interference with the respiratory exchange of gases. In the terminal stage of the fatal cases of pneumonia in which death does not occur with great suddenness, there is often a progressive diminution in the oxygen content of the blood. Synchronous with this is a progressive decrease in the oxygen-combining capacity of the blood. These changes are usually seen in patients in whom an intense bacteremia has developed and are analogous to those found in the arterial blood of infected rabbits, and to those resulting from the growth of the pneumococcus in blood in vitro. In all three conditions there is probably a change of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. This change of the hemoglobin molecule, so that it no longer takes up and gives off oxygen readily, is probably a factor in the immediate cause of death in many cases of pneumonia.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of combinations of nebulised fluticasone, salbutamol and furosemide on lung function in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yildiz ◽  
M. Ok
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood

Surfactant deficiency, poor development of the lung structure and fibrosis as a result of inflammation are thought to play an important role in the development of respiratory distress syndrome in premature calves. Nebulised steroid (fluticasone), bronchodilator (salbutamol) and diuretics (furosemide) can be used in combination alongside standard treatment procedures for premature calves, and might improve viability as observed in infants, foals and horses with pulmonary disorders. Twenty-five premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome were used in this study. Oxygen and supportive treatment were administered to all groups. The first group was used as a control group (Group 1). The nebulised drug combinations were as follows: Group 2: fluticasone + salbutamol, Group 3: salbutamol + furosemide, Group 4: fluticasone + furosemide and Group 5: fluticasone + salbutamol + furosemide. During the 72-h time period of the study, fluticasone (15 µg/kg/12 h), salbutamol (0.025 mg/kg/6 h) and furosemide (1 mg/kg/12h) were applied for 5 min. Arterial blood samples were collected from the auricular artery at 0 h and at 1, 24, 48 and 72 h for blood gas analysis. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in arterial partial oxygen, oxygen saturation and peripheral oxygen saturation and decreases in arterial partial carbon dioxide, lactate and respiration rate were observed in all the nebulised treatment groups, while a statistical difference was observed only for arterial partial carbon dioxide in control group. When comparing the treated groups with the control, it may be concluded that nebulised drugs are highly effective in the therapy of premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome, while the different nebulised groups exhibited similar efficacies.

ON THE MECHANISM OF THE IN VITRO UPTAKE OF 131I LABELLED L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (I) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorkild Friis
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of the l-triiodothyronine uptake by human erythrocytes 4 sets of experiments were performed: (1) Criss-cross experiments using serum and erythrocytes from hyperthyroid patients and normal subjects, (2) experiments using dilution of the sera, (3) experiments using addition of varying quantities of stable l-triiodothyronine, and (4) addition of varying quantities of stable l-thyroxine. It is demonstrated that the uptake by the erythrocytes is dependent on the binding of triiodothyronine to the serum proteins. Increased binding involves a decreased uptake by the erythrocytes.

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF 131I LABELLED L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (I) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorkild Friis
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Homologous Serum ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT The uptake of 131I labelled l-triiodothyronine by erythrocytes was studied in 139 patients in the presence of equal parts of homologous serum. In 54 normal subjects the uptake was found to range from 6 to 10.5 per cent of the added activity, while 3 subjects (5.6 per cent) showed values from 10.5 to 12.2 per cent. Out of 16 hyperthyroid patients 14 (87.5 per cent) had elevated values. There was a distinct relationship between the severity of thyrotoxicosis and the extent of the uptake. Out of 8 hypothyroid patients 4 (50 per cent) had reduced uptake. Among 12 pregnant women uptake was reduced in 10 and among 8 patients on stilboestrol medication it was reduced in 8. Three out of 7 patients with long-standing hepatitis showed reduced erythrocyte uptake. With one exception the uptake was normal in 13 patients with non-toxic goitre, in 8 euthyroid thyroidectomized patients, in 4 euthyroid patients treated with desiccated thyroid, in 6 euthyroid hypermetabolic and in 3 euthyroid hypometabolic patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid buffering during acute experimental respiratory acidosis

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
August G. Swanson ◽  
Harold Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in vitro has less buffering capacity than blood since it lacks serum protein and cellular hemoglobin buffers. However, during acute respiratory acidosis CSF pH falls less than blood pH, indicating a significant in vivo spinal fluid buffering capacity. The nature of this buffering capacity was studied in anesthetized and artificially ventilated cats. Carbon dioxide tensions of 70–75 mm Hg were induced by 7% CO2 breathing. Simultaneous arterial blood and cisternal CSF samples were drawn at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. pCO2 and bicarbonate were measured with a radiometer AME-1 pH meter and tonometer, using the Astrup technique. A rapid increase in CSF bicarbonate maintained spinal fluid significantly more alkaline than blood throughout CO2 breathing, even though CSF and blood CO2 tensions were nearly equal. Intravenous bicarbonate did not alter CSF bicarbonate significantly during 2 hr. It is postulated that the buffering capacity of spinal fluid increases as a result of diffusion of preformed bicarbonate from brain cells. Submitted on March 12, 1962

Maternal Insufflation during the Second Trimester Equivalent Produces Hypercapnia, Acidosis, and Prolonged Hypoxia in Fetal Sheep

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Uemura ◽  
Rebecca J. McClaine ◽  
Sebastian G. de la Fuente ◽  
Roberto J. Manson ◽  
Kurt A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Total N ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background Anecdotal reports suggest that the second trimester is the safest time to conduct a laparoscopic procedure on a pregnant patient, but this supposition has not been tested empirically. Methods Previously instrumented preterm sheep (total n = 8) at gestational day 90 (term, 145 days) were anesthetized and then insufflated with carbon dioxide for 60 min at a pressure of 15 mmHg. Cardiovascular parameters were continuously recorded while blood gas status was determined before and at 15-min intervals during and up to 2 h after insufflation. Results Insufflation produced minimal maternal blood gas or cardiovascular changes except for a significant reduction in uterine blood flow. The decrease in perfusion increased fetal arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreased fetal pH, oxygen saturation, and oxygen content; there was also progressive fetal hypotension and bradycardia. After manually deflating the ewe, uterine blood flow returned to normal, and the fetal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and pH changes resolved within 1 h. However, fetal oxygen saturation and content remained depressed, and fetal cardiovascular status continued to decline during the 2-h postinsufflation monitoring period. Conclusion Previous studies with near-term sheep determined that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum produces respiratory acidosis but does not decrease fetal oxygenation. In contrast, the current findings indicate that in the preterm fetus, insufflation-induced hypercapnia and acidosis are accompanied by prolonged fetal hypoxia and cardiovascular depression. This result suggests that additional work should be conducted to confirm the presumed safety of conducting minimally invasive procedures during the second trimester.

THE EFFECT OF PREDNISONE ON THE THYROID FUNCTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE IN VITRO UPTAKE BY ERYTHROCYTES OF L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE LABELED WITH 131I

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorkild Friis ◽  
Vagn Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of steroids on the function of the thyroid gland, the uptake by erythrocytes of l-triiodothyronine labeled with 131I was investigated in 29 euthyroid patients treated with prednisone. At the same time the thyroid function was studied by determinations of the serum PBI, the thyroid 131I-uptake and the thyroid hormone secretion rate. In addition some studies of the renal 131I-clearance were performed. Prednisone was found to increase the erythrocyte uptake of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine in two-thirds of the patients investigated probably as a result of decreased binding capacity of the serum proteins. Simultaneously, the function of the thyroid gland was found to decrease, according to the thyroid 131I-uptake and the thyroid hormone secretion rate. A slightly increased renal 131I-clearance was found during the steroid treatment. This increase cannot completely explain the decreased thyroid 131I-uptake The relation between the decreased function of the thyroid gland and the increased uptake of triiodothyronine in erythrocytes during steroid treatment is discussed.

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