PERIPHERAL PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS DURING THE CANINE OESTROUS CYCLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Christie ◽  
E. T. Bell ◽  
C. E. Horth ◽  
R. F. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Plasma progesterone levels were determined in 16 Beagle bitches undergoing a normal oestrous cycle. The mean concentration rose during oestrus and a peak of 20.3 ng/ml was attained early in metoestrus. Considerable variation was noted between animals in respect of the magnitude and timing of the progesterone peak. The time of the highest progesterone values ranged from three days before the end of oestrus to Day 21 of metoestrus. The mean hormone levels remained elevated throughout metoestrus. On the basis of the time of the initial rise in progesterone levels during oestrus and the oestrogen peak values in three animals, it is suggested that ovulation occurs on the first or second day of oestrus.

THE PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE PLASMA OF THE GOAT DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND PREGNANCY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
W. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Binding Assay ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY Progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of goats were measured by a protein-binding assay. The mean concentration was extremely low on the day of oestrus (0·2 ng/ml) and was not significantly different from that found in anoestrous or ovariectomized animals. The concentration increased to a maximum of 4 ng/ml on about day 10 of the 21-day cycle, and decreased rapidly during the last 3 days of the cycle. Plasma progesterone concentration during early pregnancy (2·5–3·5 ng/ml) was similar to the luteal phase value and remained steady from day 8 to day 60. Between days 60 and 70 there was a secondary increase in progesterone concentration which was maintained at this increased level (4·5–5·5 ng/ml) until just before parturition. In twin-bearing animals, the secondary increase was greater. Progesterone concentration decreased rapidly during the 1–2 days preceding parturition, but the concentration was still quite high on the day of parturition (1·25 ng/ml). The progesterone concentration in peripheral plasma was markedly increased during anaesthesia and the operation. After bilateral ovariectomy of the pregnant goat, peripheral progesterone concentration fell rapidly from 9 to 2·5 ng/ml during the first ½ h and then more slowly during the next 5–6 h. The animals aborted 36–48 h later. A consistent positive arterio—venous difference for progesterone was observed across the pregnant uterus in two unanaesthetized goats. These results indicate that the ovary is the main site of progesterone production in the pregnant goat and that production by the placenta is small and unlikely to influence the level of this hormone in the maternal circulation.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

THE METABOLISM OF INJECTED PROGESTERONE IN THE EWE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. BRUSH
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY Plasma levels of progesterone and 20 α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one have been studied after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections of progesterone in sheep. I.v. injected progesterone was removed from the bloodstream very rapidly and it was necessary to give 50 mg. before it was possible to detect progesterone at times up to 10 min. after the injection. With 100 mg. amounts of progesterone injected i.v. the mean concentration in samples taken up to 10 min. after the injection was 34·7 μg./100 ml. plasma (range 4–110 μg./100 ml. in 9 samples), but after 1 hr. the mean level was 2·2 μg./100 ml. plasma (range 0–10 μg./100 ml. in 10 samples). The concentrations of 20 α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one were usually, but not always, less than those of progesterone. When progesterone was given by i.m. injection it was not possible to establish detectable blood levels. The effect of the injection vehicle was also studied for each injection route. Some new modifications of Short's method (1958) for the determination of plasma progesterone are described and discussed.

Pre-puberal plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations and progesterone concentrations during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in Galway and Fingalway female lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Quirke ◽  
J. P. Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Female Sheep

ABSTRACTTwenty-four young female sheep, 12 Galways and 12 Fingalways, were used to study the effects of breed and level of nutrition on pre-puberal plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations throughout the oestrous cycle and during the first 35 days of pregnancy. The sheep were spring-born and were housed at the end of July when they weighed approx. 34 kg. Equal numbers of animals from each breed were fed on a concentrate diet either ad libitum or at a restricted level that was slightly above their estimated maintenance requirements. The Fingalways reached puberty 1 month earlier than the Galways (11 October ±4 days v. 10 November ±5 days). The restricted animals tended (P < 0·10) to reach puberty later than those fed ad libitum (1 November ±5 days v. 20 October ±4 days). Breed differences in the mean level of plasma progesterone on any day of the oestrous cycle were not significant. The mean daily plasma progesterone concentration was similar for the animals on the two planes of nutrition throughout the cycle, with the exception of day 11 when those fed ad libitum had a significantly higher level (P < 0·01). Plasma progesterone levels in the pregnant females between 5 and 35 days post mating were generally higher in Fingalways than in Galways and were not influenced by plane of nutrition. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels tended to be higher, during the 7 weeks before puberty, in Fingalways than in Galways and in animals fed ad libitum than in those on the restricted level of feeding.

Oestriol and non-protein-bound oestriol concentrations in human peripheral plasma before labour and delivery

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Moutsatsou ◽  
R. E. Oakey
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Apparent Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Centrifugal Ultrafiltration

ABSTRACT The concentration of oestriol and the proportion of this hormone not bound to plasma protein were measured using radioimmunoassay and centrifugal ultrafiltration respectively, in 55 samples of plasma obtained from 12 women in the last 2 to 7 weeks of uncomplicated pregnancy. Among individuals, the mean plasma concentration of oestriol varied from 25·8 to 94·8 nmol/l; in nine subjects, there was a tendency for oestriol concentrations to increase as delivery approached. The mean proportion of oestriol not bound to plasma protein in the different subjects varied from 13·1 to 18·9%, but values from any individual subject remained essentially constant during the periods of study. These measured values were used to calculate, for each sample, the apparent concentration of oestriol not bound to plasma protein. The results were combined with analogous values for oestradiol and progesterone obtained from the same plasma samples and described in a previous study. It was found that (i) the mean ratio of the concentration of oestriol and oestradiol was 0·75, (ii) the mean concentration of non-protein-bound oestriol was 8·7 times that of non-protein-bound oestradiol, and (iii) in individual subjects, there was no consistent trend as delivery approached in the ratio of the concentration of progesterone to that of oestriol in either the total or non-protein-bound form. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 75–80

A compartmental model describing changes in progesterone concentrations during the oestrous cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Meier ◽  
John R Roche ◽  
Eric S Kolver ◽  
Ray C Boston
Keyword(s):  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Shape

The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model that accurately describes the rise and decline in plasma progesterone concentrations, and is able to define parameters describing progesterone appearance and disappearance during the bovine oestrous cycle. Daily plasma progesterone data from 27 cows were used to develop a compartmental model consisting of an appearance function and an appearance modulating function. Model outputs included an apparent appearance or secretion duration, appearance rate and an average disappearance rate (expressed as arbitrary units per day; units/d). Shape-based clustering identified three common shape-based groups (or clusters) of progesterone profiles defined as either ‘peaked’ profile, with the profile reaching a distinguishable peak, 'structured', with the profile exhibiting a wave-like pattern, or ‘flat top’, with the profile reaching a plateau. Differences in the model parameters for the three different shapes of progesterone profiles were examined: peaked (n=13), flat top (n=7) and structured (n=7). The mean duration of apparent appearance was 11·49 (sd 0·17 d) for all 27 profiles. The model estimates for total appearance of progesterone (area under the curve; ng/ml per cycle), mean appearance rate and maximum appearance rate were 69·04 ng/ml per cycle (sd 15·2 ng/ml per cycle), 3·19 ng/ml per cycle (sd 0·7 ng/ml per d) and 6·70 ng/ml (sd 1·31 ng/ml), respectively. The average disappearance rate was 1·0 units/d (sd 0·04 units/d). The apparent appearance duration was greatest (P<0·01) in the flat top profiles (12·54, sd 0·41 d) followed by the structured (11·77, sd 0·66 d) and the peaked (10·80, sd 0·30 d) profiles. Total and mean progesterone appearance, maximum progesterone appearance rate, and the progesterone disappearance rates were not different between the profiles. The model successfully simulated all components of the progesterone profile and was able to define specific parameters of different shaped progesterone profiles. A simple model able to estimate parameters describing progesterone appearance and disappearance can be used to explore the relationships between profile shapes and reproductive outcomes.

Effects of ovulation status and stage of oestrous cycle on plasma progesterone concentrations in cattle with or without a history of twin calvings

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris ◽  
A. M. Day ◽  
A. J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Group Effects

ABSTRACTPlasma progesterone concentrations were measured over two collection periods from two groups of mature non-pregnant cows involved in a twin-breeding experiment. One group (T) consisted of cows obtained from private herds after having produced at least two sets of twins each; the other was a control group of similar ages and breeds. Yearling heifers from the same breeding experiment were also included. The mean progesterone concentration from cows in the T group was proportionally 0·83 of the value in control cows and the cow group effects were consistent in direction for samples obtained after single or double ovulations. Results were also consistent in early oestrous cycle (days 3 to 7, oestrus = day 0), mid cycle (days 8 to 13) but not late cycle (days 14 to 18). Concentrations were significantly higher in yearling heifers than in control cows. There was a trend for higher progesterone concentrations after double than after single ovulations assessed by rectal palpation, but differences were not significant.

Plasma oestradiol-17β and testosterone concentrations as possible causes of the infertility of congenitally obese Zucker rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Whitaker ◽  
M. A. Shaw ◽  
G. R. Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol ◽  
Mean Concentration

The plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations of obese and non-obese female Zucker rats have been measured in three phases of the oestrous cycle. The oestradiol concentrations of both phenotypes were similar, and changed normally with the oestrous cycle. The weights of the uteri also changed normally with the cycle. Plasma androgen concentrations in male Zucker rats have also been measured: the mean concentration was slightly but significantly lower in obese rats, and androgen-sensitive tissues were slightly reduced in weight. The oestradiol-17β concentrations in males of both phenotypes were similar. It seems unlikely that deficient plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones cause the infertility of obese rats of either sex.

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