THE METABOLISM OF INJECTED PROGESTERONE IN THE EWE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. BRUSH
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY Plasma levels of progesterone and 20 α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one have been studied after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections of progesterone in sheep. I.v. injected progesterone was removed from the bloodstream very rapidly and it was necessary to give 50 mg. before it was possible to detect progesterone at times up to 10 min. after the injection. With 100 mg. amounts of progesterone injected i.v. the mean concentration in samples taken up to 10 min. after the injection was 34·7 μg./100 ml. plasma (range 4–110 μg./100 ml. in 9 samples), but after 1 hr. the mean level was 2·2 μg./100 ml. plasma (range 0–10 μg./100 ml. in 10 samples). The concentrations of 20 α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one were usually, but not always, less than those of progesterone. When progesterone was given by i.m. injection it was not possible to establish detectable blood levels. The effect of the injection vehicle was also studied for each injection route. Some new modifications of Short's method (1958) for the determination of plasma progesterone are described and discussed.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

Comparison of Carbonate and Uricase-Carbonate Methods for the Determination of Uric Acid in Serum

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell T Caraway ◽  
Herman Marable
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Uricase Activity ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A colorimetric carbonate procedure for the determination of uric acid has been modified to include incubation of serum with uricase to destroy uric acid. Residual nonurate chromogens are subtracted from total chromogens to obtain the concentration of "true" uric acid. Result obtained by the carbonate and the uricase-carbonate methods were in good agreement. The mean concentration of nonurate chromogens in serum is approximately 2% of the true uric acid values. Recovery of uric acid added to serum is essentially quantitative. Formaldehyde markedly inhibits uricase activity and interferes with recoveries. The uricase-carbonate method is applicable to hemolytic serum and to serums from patients with uremia or those receiving high doses of salicylate in which excess concentrations of nonurate chromogens may be encountered.

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) AND PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA AND LH AND OESTROGENS IN URINE DURING 42 NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Peak

ABSTRACT The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were measured during the normal menstrual cycle of 22 young and healthy women. A total of 42 cycles were investigated. The urinary excretion of total oestrogens increased during several days before the rise of LH in the urine. The day of maximum excretion of LH and total oestrogens coincided during the midcycle period. The mid-cyclic rise in LH was found to occur on the same day in the plasma and urine and the days of maximum values coincided in 11 out of 16 cycles. In 5 cycles the maximum level was reached one day later in the urine. The plasma levels of progesterone started to increase during the LH and oestrogen peaks. The days for maximum levels of progesterone coincided with the second peak of urinary oestrogens. The levels of progesterone in the plasma reached values above 10 ng per ml in all normal cycles. The plasma levels of progesterone were below 1 ng per ml plasma when menstrual bleeding started. The length of the luteal phase was 14.4 ± 1.1 (s) days. The sum of daily urinary excretion of total oestrogens and the sum of the daily plasma progesterone levels varied within 15 per cent of the mean in five out of six women studied during more than two cycles. The variation in values for the sums of daily oestrogen excretion and plasma progesterone levels was considerably larger between menstrual cycles of different women than between menstrual cycles of the same woman.

Determination of Al, P, and Si in fruit juices stored in glass and aluminized containers

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
K. Soliman ◽  
L. Zikovsky ◽  
C. Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Plastic Coating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The concentration of Al, P, and Si in 142 samples of five fruit juices, measured with neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy, varies from 0 to 1.44, 31 to 201, and 1.5 to 35 µg/mL, respectively. The mean concentration of Al in apple, grape, grapefruit, orange, and pineapple juices is 0.54, 0.94, 0.24, 0.29, and 0.62 µg/mL, respectively. The mean concentration of P in the same juices is 102, 115, 124, 127, and 76 µg/mL. The storage of juice in aluminized containers with internal plastic coating does not increase the concentration of Al in the juice.

scholarly journals Plasma cadmium and zinc and their interrelationship in adult Nigerians: potential health implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja ◽  
Lawrence Ulu Ogbonnaya ◽  
Henry Uro-Chukwu ◽  
Johnson Akuma Obuna ◽  
Emeka Ogiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Zinc (an essential trace element) and cadmium (a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with acclaimed toxicity) have been found to occur together in nature, with reported antagonism between the two elements. The present study aimed at determination of plasma levels of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) and their interrelationship in adult Nigerians. The series comprised adults (n=443) aged ≥18 yrs (mean ± SD 38.4±13.7 yrs), consisting of 117 males, 184 non-pregnant and 140 pregnant females. Sociodemographic data were collected by questionnaire while anthropometrics were determined using standard methods. Plasma Cd and Zn were determined by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean plasma zinc and cadmium were 94.7±18.1 μg/dl and 0.150±0.548 μg/dl, respectively. Age, sex, pregnancy, and parity had no effect on either plasma Zn or Cd. Although educational level had no effect on plasma Zn, it had a significant effect on Cd; subjects possessing either secondary or tertiary education had significantly lower plasma Cd than subjects without formal education. Moreover, there seemed to be an inverse relationship between Cd and Zn, but this was not statistically significant (r=–0.089; p=0.061). Although plasma Zn was not related to BMI (r=0.037; p=0.432), Cd was significantly negatively correlated with BMI (r=–0.124; p=0.009). It may be concluded that adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State have elevated plasma levels of Cd, with apparent impact on the levels of plasma Zn. This has important public health implications considering the essential roles of Zn in the protection of Cd mediated adverse health effects. While food diversification is recommended to improve plasma Zn, efforts should be made to reduce exposure to Cd to mitigate partially its possible adverse effects.

THE PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE PLASMA OF THE GOAT DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND PREGNANCY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. THORBURN ◽  
W. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Binding Assay ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY Progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of goats were measured by a protein-binding assay. The mean concentration was extremely low on the day of oestrus (0·2 ng/ml) and was not significantly different from that found in anoestrous or ovariectomized animals. The concentration increased to a maximum of 4 ng/ml on about day 10 of the 21-day cycle, and decreased rapidly during the last 3 days of the cycle. Plasma progesterone concentration during early pregnancy (2·5–3·5 ng/ml) was similar to the luteal phase value and remained steady from day 8 to day 60. Between days 60 and 70 there was a secondary increase in progesterone concentration which was maintained at this increased level (4·5–5·5 ng/ml) until just before parturition. In twin-bearing animals, the secondary increase was greater. Progesterone concentration decreased rapidly during the 1–2 days preceding parturition, but the concentration was still quite high on the day of parturition (1·25 ng/ml). The progesterone concentration in peripheral plasma was markedly increased during anaesthesia and the operation. After bilateral ovariectomy of the pregnant goat, peripheral progesterone concentration fell rapidly from 9 to 2·5 ng/ml during the first ½ h and then more slowly during the next 5–6 h. The animals aborted 36–48 h later. A consistent positive arterio—venous difference for progesterone was observed across the pregnant uterus in two unanaesthetized goats. These results indicate that the ovary is the main site of progesterone production in the pregnant goat and that production by the placenta is small and unlikely to influence the level of this hormone in the maternal circulation.

Collaborative Study of a Fluorometric and Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Aminacrine and Its Salts in Drug Preparations

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-682
Author(s):  
Laura A Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Eight collaborators studied a fluoromelric and thin layer chromatographic method for aminacrine and its salts in powder and cream drug preparations. Recovery of aminacrine.HCI by fluorometer in both preparations averaged 100% for powder and 102% for cream. The mean concentration of aminacrine.HCI found in the powder was 0.108% with a standard deviation of ± 0.001%. The mean concentration of aminacrine found in the cream was 0.191% with a standard deviation of ± 0.003%. Seven of the 8 collaborators successfully used thin layer chromatography to identify the aminacrine in both sample forms supplied. The assay method for aminacrine and its salts in drug preparations is recommended for adoption as official, first action

S-100ao protein in blood and urine during open-heart surgery.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1942-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Usui ◽  
K Kato ◽  
T Abe ◽  
M Murase ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Coronary Sinus Blood

Abstract Concentrations of S100a0 protein and CK-MB were measured by enzyme immunoassay in serial samples of arterial and coronary-sinus blood and urine taken from 26 patients who were undergoing mitral valve surgery. The mean concentration of arterial S100a0 in plasma was 0.32 (SD 0.28) ng/mL at the beginning of anesthesia, increased sharply after reperfusion, peaking [14.4 (SD 6.63) ng/mL] after 45 min of reperfusion, then decreased rapidly. The concentration of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme MB in arterial blood plasma was greatest 3 h after reperfusion [107 (SD 54.5) ng/mL]. S100a0 concentrations in urine increased dramatically after reperfusion [16,300 (SD 12,000) ng/h vs 44 (SD 32) ng/h], while CK-MB increased slightly [135 (SD 75) ng/h vs 19 (SD 12) ng/h]. These results suggest that S100a0 in cardiac muscle is released into the bloodstream during open-heart surgery and is discharged into the urine more rapidly than is CK-MB. Determination of S100a0 in plasma or urine thus may be useful for estimating damage to heart muscle during open-heart surgery.

scholarly journals Determination of Arsenic (As) and Iron (Fe) Concentration in Ground Water and Associated Health Risk by Arsenic Contamination in Singair Upazila, Manikganj District, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Atkeeya Tasneem ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Md. Khabir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Mean Concentration

Contamination of drinking water by Arsenic (As) & Iron (Fe) is nowadays appeared as a big concern for public health and environment as well. Immoderate and continued revelation of inorganic arsenic along with drinking water is triggering arsenicosis. High Fe and As concentration found in the study area is also appeared as very challenging to those people who are consuming the water on regular basis and they may confront to a high health risk. This study is conducted to determine the concentration of Fe and As in ground tube-well containing possible health risk in Bangladesh which examines the ground water As and Fe scenario of Singair Upazila, Manikganj district. Total 40 samples were collected from the study area. As and Fe were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study found As concentration ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0858 mg/L with the mean concentration as 0.04186 mg/L. Concentration of Fe was found 0.175 to 13.865 mg/L with the mean concentration as 3.600 mg/L whereas WHO standard level is 0.01 mg/L for As and 0.3 mg/l for Fe. It was also noticed that As and Fe concentration in shallow tube-well was relatively high than that in deep tube-well and a strong correlation between As and Fe was marked in the ground water. Therefore, to cope with this challenge, people should look for other sources or relocate the tube-well or treat the water for drinking and other everyday purposes.

scholarly journals Plasma Levels of Occludin and Claudin-5 in Acute Stroke Are Correlated with the Type and Location of Stroke but Not with the Neurological State of Patients—Preliminary Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Anetta Lasek-Bal ◽  
Anna Kokot ◽  
Daria Gendosz de Carrillo ◽  
Sebastian Student ◽  
Katarzyna Pawletko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The blood–brain barrier is the structure (BBB), which isolates the central nervous system from the external environmental. During a stroke, the BBB gets damaged, which is accompanied by changes in the concentrations and distributions of claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, and other building blocks of the BBB. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of selected components of the BBB—occludin, claudin-5, and zonulin (ZO-1)—and to define a potential relationship between the concentrations of these three substances and the type of stroke, the location and extent of the infarct focus, the neurological/functional status in the acute phase of the disease, and the patient’s clinical profile. Methods: In this prospective study, we qualified patients with first-in-life stroke. All patients were analyzed according to: the presence of comorbidities, type of stroke (OCSP), treatment type in the first day of hospitalization, hemorrhagic transformation of infarct focus (ECASS), neurological status on the first day of stroke (NIHSS), functional status (mRS) on the ninth day of disease. In all patients, the plasma concentrations of claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 on the first day of stroke were examined and next, the mean concentrations were analyzed and compared between subgroups created on the basis of demographical and clinical features. Results: The mean concentration of occludin was significantly higher in patients with partial anterior cerebral infarct (PACI) compared to patients with posterior cerebral infarct (POCI; 1.03 vs. 0.66 ng/mL; p = 0.009) and in patients with location of ischemic stroke in the carotid artery supply compared with in the vertebrobasilar supply (respectively: 1.036 vs. 0.660 ng/mL; p = 0.009). The mean concentration of claudin 5 was significantly higher in patients with PACI compared to patients with POCI (0.37 vs. 0.21 ng/mL; p = 0.011) and in patients with location of ischemic stroke in the carotid artery supply in comparison with vertebrobasilar supply (respectively: 0.373 vs. 0.249 ng/mL; p = 0.011). The differences in mean occludin and claudin 5 concentrations between female and male were statistically not significant, similarly between patients < 65 years and older. A significantly higher mean concentration of zonulin was observed in patients > 65 years of age compared to younger patients (0.59 vs. 0.48 ng/mL; p = 0.010) and in patients with arterial hypertension compared to patients without the disease (0.63 ng/mL vs. 0.26 ng/mL; p = 0.026). There were no statistically significant relationships between the concentration of occludin, claudin 5, and zonulin and the neurological status according to the NIHSS on the first day of stroke. Conclusions: The location of stroke in the anterior part of the brain’s blood supply is associated with high blood levels of occludin and claudin 5 in the acute phase of stroke. The blood concentration of occludin is significantly lower in lacunar stroke comparing to this in non-lacunar stroke. Old age and arterial hypertension correlate positively with the concentration of zonulin 1 in acute stroke. There is no relationship between the blood levels of occludin, claudin 5, and zonulin 1 on the first day of stroke and the neurological and functional status in the acute phase of the disease.

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