Effects of PGF2α and indomethacin on ovulation and steroid production in the isolated perfused rabbit ovary

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Holmes ◽  
Per O. Janson ◽  
Jan Sogn ◽  
Björn Källfelt ◽  
William J. LeMaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Experimental Side ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract. Both ovaries of 31 rabbits were perfused with a chemically defined medium in vitro in a recirculation system. In one series of experiments, hCG (100 IU) was injected iv 5–6 h prior to anaesthesia and surgery. Approximately 1 h later the perfusion was started. One ovary was perfused as control while the other ovary was perfused with 5 μg/ml indomethacin or with indomethacin and 1 μg/ml PGF2α. In another series of experiments the rabbits received no pretreatment prior to operation. Instead, bovine LH was added to the perfusion medium of both control and experimental ovaries. The experimental side also received either indomethacin or indomethacin and PGF2α. Finally, the effect of PGF2α in the absence of LH was compared to the control ovary receiving only LH. After injection of hCG in vivo, ovulations occurred in 4 of 5 control ovaries. Indomethacin completely blocked ovulation in 4 of the 5 ovaries treated, while PGF2α restored ovulations in all the experimental ovaries. In the group of experiments where LH was added in vitro, ovulations were induced in all ovaries treated with varying LH doses. Furthermore, indomethacin blocked ovulation in 5 out of 7 ovaries, and PGF2α restored ovulation in all ovaries. Fifty per cent of the ovaries treated only with PGF2α (in the absence of LH) also ovulated. The pattern of steroid release did not differ between control ovaries, indomethacin treated ovaries, and indomethacin + PGF2α treated ovaries. Ovaries treated in perfusion with PGF2α alone had very low steroid levels compared to the ovaries treated with LH. This study confirms that indomethacin blocks ovulation in the perfused rabbit ovary and that this blockade can be overcome by exogenous PGF2α. Indomethacin and PG-treatments after ovulation induction did not affect ovarian steroidogenesis. Furthermore, while PGF2α was able to induce ovulations in these perfused oestrous ovaries in the absence of LH, it did not stimulate steroidogenesis.

Optimum concentrations of essential components for the development of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hata
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractThird-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis were cultured to young adult stages in Waymouth's chemically defined medium MB 752/l, which comprises higher concentrations of the essential components histidine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, choline chloride and glucose than various other chemically defined media. The present study has shown that choline chloride and tryptophan are required at relatively higher concentrations for worm development than those of the other essential components.

The preovulatory decline in follicular oestradiol is not required for ovulation in the rabbit

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. LeMaire ◽  
Per O. Janson ◽  
Björn J. Källfelt ◽  
Paul V. Holmes ◽  
Stefan Cajander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Recirculation System

Abstract. Using a method of in vitro perfusion of the rabbit ovary with a chemically defined medium in a recirculation system, normal appearing follicular ruptures occurred following exposure of the ovaries to hCG in vivo (100 IU) or following addition of LH (0.25 μg/ml of NIH B9) to the perfusate. The addition of oestradiol17β (10 μg/ml) to the perfusate did not inhibit these follicular ruptures, although the follicular fluid oestradiol contents were increased more than 100-fold as compared to the control side not receiving the addition of oestradiol. These data suggest that the physiological decline of follicular oestrogen, normally observed in vivo prior to ovulation in the rabbit, is not required as part of the mechanism of ovulation and that normal appearing ovulations can occur even though follicular oestrogen levels are kept artificially elevated.

The synthesis of a variant-specific antigen by Trypanosoma brucei in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Taylor ◽  
G. A. M. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis

A variant-specific surface antigen from a cloned population of Trypanosoma brucei S 42 has been isolated and partically characterized. [35S]L-methionine was found to be incorporated into this material by cells incubated in vitro in a chemically defined medium. Incorporation of [35S]L-methionine was inhibited by cycloheximide and puromycin at concentrations which are known to specifically inhibit protein synthesis in other systems. The rate of synthesis of the variant-specific antigen in vitro has been estimated to be about 8% of the rate in vivo. Newly synthesized [35S]L-methionine-labelled variant-specific antigen was incorporated into the surface coat.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Oxytocin analogues with non-coded amino acid residues in position 8: [8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváček ◽  
Jan Pospíšek ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová ◽  
Walter Y. Chan ◽  
Victor J. Hruby
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fragment Condensation

[8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin (II) and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin (III) were prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and fragment condensation. Both analogues exhibited decreased uterotonic potency in vitro, each being about 15-30% that of oxytocin. Analogue II also displayed similarly decreased uterotonic potency in vivo and galactogogic potency. On the other hand, analogue III exhibited almost the same potency as oxytocin in the uterotonic assay in vivo and in the galactogogic assay.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Porcine Blastocysts Produced In Vitro in a Chemically Defined Culture Medium

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Josep M. Cambra ◽  
Emilio A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Maria A. Gil ◽  
Cristina Cuello
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
The Impact

The development of chemically defined media is a growing trend in in vitro embryo production (IVP). Recently, traditional undefined culture medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been successfully replaced by a chemically defined medium using substances with embryotrophic properties such as platelet factor 4 (PF4). Although the use of this medium sustains IVP, the impact of defined media on the embryonic transcriptome has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed the transcriptome of porcine IVP blastocysts, cultured in defined (PF4 group) and undefined media (BSA group) by microarrays. In vivo-derived blastocysts (IVV group) were used as a standard of maximum embryo quality. The results showed no differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the PF4 and BSA groups. However, a total of 2780 and 2577 DEGs were detected when comparing the PF4 or the BSA group with the IVV group, respectively. Most of these genes were common in both in vitro groups (2132) and present in some enriched pathways, such as cell cycle, lysosome and/or metabolic pathways. These results show that IVP conditions strongly affect embryo transcriptome and that the defined culture medium with PF4 is a guaranteed replacement for traditional culture with BSA.

Vasopressin-induced pulmonary vasodilation in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. H415-H422 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Walker ◽  
J. Haynes ◽  
H. L. Wang ◽  
N. F. Voelkel
Keyword(s):  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Vasodilation ◽  
Isolated Lung ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Experiments were performed to determine the pulmonary vascular responses to exogenous or endogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) in rats. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches were used to examine the direct pulmonary vasoactive properties of AVP and how those properties affect pulmonary hemodynamics in the intact animal. In conscious, unrestrained rats, constant infusion of AVP (4.0 mU.kg-1.min-1 iv) resulted in a fall in mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), although systemic pressure was increased. Coincident with the fall in PAP were similar reductions in cardiac output and heart rate. Similarly, bolus administration of AVP reduced PAP, and this effect was augmented during hypoxia. Another series of experiments examined the effect of endogenous AVP released by arterial hypoxemia on pulmonary hemodynamics in conscious rats. Administration of a specific V1-vasopressinergic antagonist had no effect on the PAP response to hypoxia; however, systemic resistance tended to fall following V1-antagonism. To determine the vasoactive properties of AVP independent of these changes in blood flow, a series of experiments were performed on isolated, perfused rat lungs. Injection of 25, 200, or 2,000 mU of AVP into the circulation of the isolated lung was without effect under normoxic conditions. In contrast, 25 mU AVP elicited reproducible pulmonary vasodilation when injected during ongoing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. This vasodilatory response was unaffected by meclofenamate or by the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist SRI 63-441, but was blocked by a specific V1-vasopressinergic antagonist. We conclude that although AVP exerts profound systemic vasoconstriction, the pulmonary circulation appears relatively unaffected by exogenous or endogenous AVP in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW-224a, a New Fluoronaphthyridone

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2261-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Soo Park ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Min-Jung Seol ◽  
Dong-Rack Choi ◽  
Eung-Chil Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT DW-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. Against gram-negative bacteria, DW-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. The in vivo activities of DW-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones.

scholarly journals Possible Future Monoclonal Antibody (mAb)-Based Therapy against Arbovirus Infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sautto ◽  
Nicasio Mancini ◽  
Giacomo Gorini ◽  
Massimo Clementi ◽  
Roberto Burioni
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Passive Immunotherapy ◽  
Medical Need

More than 150 arboviruses belonging to different families are known to infect humans, causing endemic infections as well as epidemic outbreaks. Effective vaccines to limit the occurrence of some of these infections have been licensed, while for the others several new immunogens are under development mostly for their improvements concerning safety and effectiveness profiles. On the other hand, specific and effective antiviral drugs are not yet available, posing an urgent medical need in particular for emergency cases. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of several infectious diseases as well as in preliminaryin vitroandin vivomodels of arbovirus-related infections. Given their specific antiviral activity as well-tolerated molecules with limited side effects, mAbs could represent a new therapeutic approach for the development of an effective treatment, as well as useful tools in the study of the host-virus interplay and in the development of more effective immunogens. However, before their use as candidate therapeutics, possible hurdles (e.g., Ab-dependent enhancement of infection, occurrence of viral escape variants) must be carefully evaluated. In this review are described the main arboviruses infecting humans and candidate mAbs to be possibly used in a future passive immunotherapy.

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