Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization capacity of bi-allelic mutations from severe perinatal and asymptomatic hypophosphatasia phenotypes: Results from an in-vitro mutagenesis model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma Uday ◽  
Tomohiro Matsumara ◽  
Vrinda Saraff ◽  
Shiho Saito ◽  
Hideo Orimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Specific Alkaline Phosphatase

Histochemical Distribution of 5-Nucleotidase in Snake Tissues: Presence of 5-Nucleotidase and Absence of Alkaline Phosphomonoesterase in Venom Glands of the Rattlesnake

1952 ◽  
Vol s3-93 (24) ◽  
pp. 391-394
Author(s):  
D. E. BRAGDON ◽  
J.F. A. MCMANUS
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium

1. Activity of the specific alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, is intense in the epithelium and secretion of the rattlesnake venom gland. Non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity is lacking. 2. Thyroid epithelium, the smooth muscle of great vessels, and (inconstantly) smooth muscle of abdominal hollow viscera show greater 5-nucleotidase than nonspecific activity. 3. These findings confirm the specificity of 5-nucleotidase.

The inhibitory effects of vancomycin on rat bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kari Hanson ◽  
Carly Isder ◽  
Kristen Shogren ◽  
Anthony L. Mikula ◽  
Lichun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Osteogenic Factors

OBJECTIVE The use of intrawound vancomycin powder in spine surgery has been shown to decrease the rate of surgical site infections; however, the optimal dose is unknown. High-dose vancomycin inhibits osteoblast proliferation in vitro and may decrease the rate of solid arthrodesis. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells that are a source of osteogenesis in spine fusions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vancomycin on rat BMSC viability and differentiation in vitro. METHODS BMSCs were isolated from the femurs of immature female rats, cultured, and then split into two equal groups; half were treated to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and half were not. Osteogenesis was stimulated by the addition of 50 µg/mL l-ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerol phosphate, and 0.1 µM dexamethasone. Vancomycin was added to cell culture medium at concentrations of 0, 0.04, 0.4, or 4 mg/mL. Early differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity (4 days posttreatment) and late differentiation by alizarin red staining for mineralization (9 days posttreatment). Cell viability was determined at both the early and late time points by measurement of formazan colorimetric product. RESULTS Viability within the first 4 days decreased with high-dose vancomycin treatment, with cells receiving 4 mg/mL vancomycin having 40%–60% viability compared to the control. A gradual decrease in alizarin red staining and nodule formation was observed with increasing vancomycin doses. In the presence of the osteogenic factors, vancomycin did not have deleterious effects on alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas a trend toward reduced activity was seen in the absence of osteogenic factors when compared to osteogenically treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Vancomycin reduced BMSC viability and impaired late osteogenic differentiation with high-dose treatment. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of high-dose vancomycin on spinal fusion may result from both reduced BMSC viability and some impairment of osteogenic differentiation.

The influence of titanium surfaces treated by alkalis on macrophage and osteoblast-like cell adhesion and gene expression in vitro

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (99) ◽  
pp. 81378-81387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ma ◽  
Xi-Yuan Ge ◽  
Sheng-Nan Jia ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

The effect of alkali-treated titanium surfaces on inflammation-related gene expression of macrophages and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast-like cells.

Acidosis inhibits osteoblastic and stimulates osteoclastic activity in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. F442-F448 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Krieger ◽  
N. E. Sessler ◽  
D. A. Bushinsky
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Osteoclastic Activity ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity

Metabolic acidosis induces net calcium flux (JCa) from cultured neonatal mouse calvariae through physicochemical and cell-mediated mechanisms. To determine the role of osteoblasts in acid-induced JCa, collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed in calvariae incubated in reduced pH and bicarbonate medium, a model of metabolic acidosis (Met), and compared with controls (Ctl). Collagen synthesis fell from 30.5 +/- 1.1 in Ctl to 25.1 +/- 0.4% with Met, and alkaline phosphatase decreased from 403 +/- 25 in Ctl to 298 +/- 21 nmol Pi.min-1.mg protein-1 with Met. During acidosis JCa was correlated inversely with percent collagen synthesis (r = -0.743, n = 11, P = 0.009) and with alkaline phosphatase activity (r = -0.453, n = 22, P = 0.034). To determine the role of osteoclasts in acid-induced JCa, osteoclastic beta-glucuronidase activity was determined in Ctl and Met in the absence or presence of the osteoclastic inhibitor calcitonin (CT, 3 x 10(-9) M). Met increased beta-glucuronidase (5.9 +/- 0.2) compared with Ctl (4.6 +/- 0.3 micrograms phenolphthalein released.bone-1.h-1), whereas CT inhibited beta-glucuronidase in both Ctl and Met (3.1 +/- 0.2 and 3.5 +/- 0.3, respectively). During acidosis JCa was correlated directly with beta-glucuronidase activity (r = 0.683, n = 42, P less than 0.001). Thus the cell-mediated component of JCa during acidosis in vitro appears to result from a combination of inhibited osteoblastic and stimulated osteoclastic activity.

scholarly journals Large‐scale in vitro functional testing and novel variant scoring via protein modeling provide insights into alkaline phosphatase activity in hypophosphatasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1250-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Angel ◽  
John Reynders ◽  
Christopher Negron ◽  
Thomas Steinbrecher ◽  
Etienne Mornet
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Modeling ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Novel Variant

scholarly journals Endocrine Relationships of Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

Blood ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRED ROSNER ◽  
STANLEY L. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

Abstract Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity has been noted to be different in men and women. The mean leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity for 74 normal men, aged 19 to 60 years, was 23 mg. of phosphorus per 1010 polvmorphonuclear leukocytes per hour. The corresponding mean value for 75 normal young women, age 19-48 years, was 35 (p < .001). No significant differences between boys and girls occurred until the time of puberty. After the menopause, the values for women approached the values for men. Women treated with androgens had lower leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity than did control women. These results suggest that androgenic hormones inhibit this enzyme, and that other, as yet undefined endocrine influences, also affect its level of activity. In vitro tests with various concentrations of androgens and estrogens failed to provide conclusive evidence of direct effect on leukocytes although some degree of direct inhibition by androgens was suggested. Studies using saponin to effect enzyme release from leukocyte granules did not demonstrate whether the differences between men and women are differences of enzyme release or of content of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.

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