scholarly journals Association of risk variants for type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia with gestational diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Huopio ◽  
Henna Cederberg ◽  
Jagadish Vangipurapu ◽  
Heidi Hakkarainen ◽  
Mirja Pääkkönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Risk Variants

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of risk variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia with gestational diabetes (GDM).Design and methodsFive hundred and thirty-three Finnish women who were diagnosed with GDM and 407 controls with normal glucose tolerance during the pregnancy were genotyped for 69 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which have been previously verified as susceptibility risk variants for T2D and hyperglycemia. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at the follow-up study after the index pregnancy.ResultsRisk variants rs10830963 and rs1387153 ofMTNR1Bwere significantly associated with GDM (odds ratio (OR)=1.62 (95% CI 1.34–1.96),P=4.5×10−7and 1.38 (1.14–1.66),P=7.6×10−4respectively). Both SNPs ofMTNR1Bwere also significantly associated with elevated fasting glucose level and reduced insulin secretion at follow-up. Additionally, risk variants rs9939609 ofFTO, rs2796441 ofTLE1, rs560887 ofG6PC2, rs780094 ofGCKR, rs7903146 ofTCF7L2and rs11708067 ofADCY5showed nominally significant associations with GDM (OR range from 1.25 to 1.30).ConclusionsOur study suggests that GDM and T2D share a similar genetic background. Our findings also provide further evidence that risk variants ofMTNR1Bare associated with GDM by increasing fasting plasma glucose and decreasing insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Assessment of insulin secretion from the oral glucose tolerance test in white patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stumvoll ◽  
A. Mitrakou ◽  
W. Pimenta ◽  
T. Jenssen ◽  
H. Yki-Jarvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
White Patients

scholarly journals Serum Uromodulin Is Associated With But Does Not Predict Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly KORA F4/FF4 Study Participants

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3795-3802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Then ◽  
Holger Then ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Margit Heier ◽  
Annette Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractAimsSerum uromodulin has recently emerged as promising biomarker for kidney function and was suggested to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with coronary heart disease. Here, we analyzed the association of serum uromodulin with T2D in the population-based KORA F4/FF4 study.MethodsIn 1119 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 62 to 81 years, serum uromodulin was measured, and the association of serum uromodulin with T2D was assessed using logistic and linear regression models stratified for sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years, 635 participants where re-evaluated. Glucose tolerance status was determined by oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and at the follow-up examination except in cases of known T2D.ResultsSerum uromodulin was inversely associated with T2D in the crude analysis and after adjustment for age and body mass index in men (P < 0.001) and in women (P < 0.05). After further adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with T2D in men (P < 0.001) but not in women. Serum uromodulin was not associated with prediabetes after multivariate adjustment and did not predict T2D in men or in women after the follow-up time of 6.5 ± 0.3 years.ConclusionsIn participants of the KORA F4 study, serum uromodulin is independently associated with T2D in men but is not a predictor of future development of T2D.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prior Gestational Diabetes on the Shape of the Glucose Response Curve during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test 3 Years after Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Timea Tänczer ◽  
Márk M. Svébis ◽  
Beatrix Domján ◽  
Viktor J. Horváth ◽  
Adam G. Tabák
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Response

Objective. Monophasic glucose response (MGR) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the association between current MGR and (1) glucose tolerance during a pregnancy 3 years before and (2) current glucose tolerance status. We also sought (3) other determinants of MGR. Research Design and Methods. We conducted a nested case-control study of GDM (n=47 early GDM, diagnosed between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation; n=40 late GDM, diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation) and matched healthy controls (n=37, normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy) all free from diabetes at follow-up 3.4±0.6 years after delivery. Glucose tolerance was determined by 2-hour 75 g OGTT. Monophasic and biphasic groups were defined based on serum glucose measurements during OGTT. Results. The biphasic group was younger, had lower triglyceride levels and area under the OGTT glucose curve, and was less frequently diagnosed with early GDM (25 vs. 45%, all p<0.05). Women with a biphasic response also tended to have lower systolic blood pressure (p<0.1). No differences were found in fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin levels, or BMI. According to multiple logistic regression, MGR was associated with prior early GDM (OR 2.14, 95% CI 0.92-4.99) and elevated triglyceride levels (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.03-5.03/log (mmol/l)). Conclusions. We found that more severe, early-onset GDM was an independent predictor of monophasic glucose response suggesting that monophasic response may represent an intermediate state between GDM and manifest type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Utility of oral glucose tolerance test in predicting type 2 diabetes following gestational diabetes: Towards personalized care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778-1788
Author(s):  
Riad Abdel Latif Bayoumi ◽  
Amar Hassan Khamis ◽  
Muna A Tahlak ◽  
Taghrid F Elgergawi ◽  
Deemah K Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Personalized Care

scholarly journals Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Andersson-Hall ◽  
Carolina Gustavsson ◽  
Anders Pedersen ◽  
Daniel Malmodin ◽  
Louise Joelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose

Aim. Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyle questionnaires six years after pregnancy. Blood was analysed for clinical variables (e.g., insulin, glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels) and NMR metabolomics. Based on the OGTT, women were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. Results. Six years after GDM, 19% of subjects had T2DM and 19% IGT. After BMI adjustment, the IGT group had lower HDL, higher leptin, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the T2DM group higher triglyceride, FFA, and C-reactive protein levels than the NGT group. IGT and T2DM groups reported lower physical activity. NMR measurements revealed that levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobyturate were higher in T2DM and IGT groups and correlated with measures of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Conclusion. In addition to well-known clinical risk factors, BCAAs and 3-hydroxyisobyturate are potential markers to be evaluated as predictors of metabolic risk after pregnancy complicated by GDM.

Association of plasma acylcarnitines with insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and prediabetes in a biracial cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110094
Author(s):  
Ibiye Owei ◽  
Nkiru Umekwe ◽  
Frankie Stentz ◽  
Jim Wan ◽  
Sam Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

The ability to predict prediabetes, which affects ∼90 million adults in the US and ∼400 million adults worldwide, would be valuable to public health. Acylcarnitines, fatty acid metabolites, have been associated with type 2 diabetes risk in cross-sectional studies of mostly Caucasian subjects, but prospective studies on their link to prediabetes in diverse populations are lacking. Here, we determined the association of plasma acylcarnitines with incident prediabetes in African Americans and European Americans enrolled in a prospective study. We analyzed 45 acylcarnitines in baseline plasma samples from 70 adults (35 African-American, 35 European-American) with incident prediabetes (progressors) and 70 matched controls (non-progressors) during 5.5-year (mean 2.6 years) follow-up in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. Incident prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance) was confirmed with OGTT. We measured acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and insulin secretion using intravenous glucose tolerance test. The results showed that progressors and non-progressors during POP-ABC study follow-up were concordant for 36 acylcarnitines and discordant for nine others. In logistic regression models, beta-hydroxy butyryl carnitine (C4-OH), 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl carnitine/malonyl carnitine (C5-OH/C3-DC), and octenoyl carnitine (C8:1) were the only significant predictors of incident prediabetes. The combined cut-off plasma levels of <0.03 micromol/L for C4-OH, <0.03 micromol/L for C5-OH/C3-DC, and >0.25 micromol/L for C8:1 acylcarnitines predicted incident prediabetes with 81.9% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity. Thus, circulating levels of one medium-chain and two short-chain acylcarnitines may be sensitive biomarkers for the risk of incident prediabetes among initially normoglycemic individuals with parental history of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Interplay of Dinner Timing and MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Garaulet ◽  
Jesus Lopez-Minguez ◽  
Hassan S Dashti ◽  
Céline Vetter ◽  
Antonio Miguel Hernández-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

<strong>Objective: </strong>We tested whether the concurrence of food intake and elevated concentration of endogenous melatonin, as occurs in late eating, results in impaired glucose control, in particular in carriers of the type 2 diabetes-associated G allele in the melatonin-receptor-1-b gene (<i>MTNR1B</i>).<strong> </strong> <p><strong>Research Design and Methods:</strong> In a Spanish natural late eating population, a randomized, cross-over study design was performed, following an 8-h fast. Each participant <strong>(n=845) </strong>underwent two evening 2-h 75g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT): an early condition scheduled 4 hours prior to habitual bedtime <strong>(“early dinner-timing”)</strong>, and a late condition scheduled 1 hour prior to habitual bedtime <strong>(“late dinner-timing”)</strong>, simulating an early and a late dinner timing, respectively.<strong> </strong>Differences in postprandial glucose and insulin responses were determined using incremental area under the curve (AUC) calculated by the trapezoidal method between <strong>early and late dinner-timing.</strong><strong></strong></p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> <strong>Melatonin serum levels were </strong>3.5-fold <strong>higher in the late <i>vs. </i>early condition, with late dinner-timing resulting in </strong>6.7% <strong>lower insulin</strong> <strong>area-under-the-curve (AUC) and </strong>8.3%<strong> higher glucose</strong> <strong>AUC. In the late condition<i> MTNR1B</i> G-allele carriers had lower glucose tolerance than non-carriers. Genotype differences in glucose tolerance were attributed to reductions in </strong>β-cell <strong>function (<i>P<sub>int</sub></i><sub> </sub>AUCgluc=0.009, <i>P<sub>int</sub></i><sub> </sub>CIR=0.022, <i>P<sub>int </sub></i>DI=0.018).</strong></p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <strong>Concurrently high endogenous melatonin and carbohydrate intake, as typical for late eating, impair glucose tolerance, especially in <i>MTNR1B</i> G-risk-allele carriers<i>, </i>attributable to insulin secretion defects.</strong></p>

scholarly journals Diagnosis and follow-up of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS: a role for OGTT?

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. D1-D14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Andersen ◽  
Dorte Glintborg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Glycemic Status

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common in premenopausal women. The majority of women with PCOS have insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is higher in women with PCOS compared to controls. In non-pregnant women with PCOS, glycemic status may be assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or HbA1c. OGTT has been reckoned gold standard test for diagnosing T2D, but OGTT is rarely used for diagnostic purpose in other non-pregnant individuals at risk of T2D, apart from PCOS. OGTT has questionable reproducibility, and high sensitivity of the 2-h glucose value is at the expense of relatively low specificity, especially regarding impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Furthermore, lean women with PCOS are rarely diagnosed with T2D and only few percent of normal-weight women have prediabetes. Glycemic status is necessary at diagnosis and during follow-up of PCOS, especially in women with high risk of T2D (obesity, previous gestational diabetes (GDM)). We suggest that OGTT should be used in the same situations in PCOS as in other patient groups at risk of T2D. OGTT is indicated for diagnosing GDM; however, OGTT during pregnancy may not be indicated in lean women with PCOS without other risk factors for GDM.

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