Serum leptin and C-reactive protein levels in the physiological spontaneous menstrual cycle in reproductive age women

Objective: Only a few studies have investigated variations of different markers for inflammatory processes during the physiological menstrual cycle. The results are conflicting, particularly concerning the correlation between the marker leptin and steroid hormones. The aim of the study was to investigate the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin in the serum of healthy, normally ovulating women and to correlate these with each other and with the hormones of the gonadal axis. A cycle-dependence of the markers studied would imply an exact timing of the blood sampling for clinical needs. Design: Observational study investigating the two inflammatory markers CRP and leptin in relation to the hormonal pattern of the gonadal axis during the normal cycle. Methods: Ovulatory cycles of 36 healthy, young, normo-androgenic women, having a normal body mass index were evaluated. Serum concentrations of leptin and CRP, as well as of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin (PRL) and free testosterone were measured every 1–2 days during one full cycle. Results: Serum levels of leptin and CRP behaved differently during ovulatory cycles, with higher concentrations for leptin only during certain phases. Significant correlations were found in the follicular phase between leptin and PRL and leptin and free testosterone. Conclusions: Leptin levels change during the menstrual cycle. Leptin levels are more stable on cycle days 1–5 than later in the cycle. For precise cycle-independent measurements, these fluctuations have to be taken into account. There is no similar cyclic pattern for CRP.

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Impact of menstrual cycle phases on C-reactive protein concentrations

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170667 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shilpi Vashishta ◽

Sushila Gahlot ◽

Anita Singh ◽

Rajni Goyal

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Phase Reaction ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Regular Menstrual Cycle ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most commonly employed indicator of acute phase reaction and predictors of cardiovascular disease in healthy women; although, only a sparse information on its variations during a regular menstrual cycle is currently available. Our objective was to see whether CRP levels are affected during different phases of menstrual cycle.Methods: Females aged 15-45 years with regular menstrual cycle in terms of length, flow and variation from cycle to cycle were followed for one menstrual cycle. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were measured in the Follicular (10th day) and in the Luteal (22nd day) phase of the menstrual cycle.Results: C-reactive protein levels were observed to vary in response to the phases of menstrual cycle. The concentrations of C-reactive protein levels tend to be highest during the Follicular phase and it declined significantly in the Luteal phase.Conclusions: Identifying the fluctuations in C-reactive protein levels during the menstrual cycle is essential as there may be clinical implication of the suitable timing of assessment while framing and concluding studies in women of reproductive age.

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The Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Serum C Reactive Protein Levels in Generalized Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinical Study

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. 157-161

Author(s):

Anish Manocha ◽

Suresh DK ◽

Shikha Gupta ◽

Sharuti Yakhmi ◽

Aashish Pandit

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Serum Crp ◽

Age Range

Abstract Background: Although many studies have compared circulating IL-6 and CRP concentrations in periodontal patients and controls, a limited number of studies have compared systemic inflammatory markers at baseline and follow-up and also Data on whether periodontal therapy affects serum CRP levels are inconclusive. Aims and Objective: By the virtue of this study, an attempt was made to evaluate and compare the effect of non surgical periodontal therapy on serum C-Reactive Protein levels in Generalized chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Method: A total of thirty patients with Generalised chronic periodontitis, within the age range of 30-70 years, were selected and underwent non surgical periodontal therapy. Further, they were put on a two month follow up after post operative phase for evaluation and comparison of pre and post values. Results and Conclusion: The results of our study showed that non surgical periodontal therapy significantly reduces the serum levels of C-reactive protein along with other clinical parameters in patients with generalised chronic periodontitis.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with coronary macrophage infiltrates in patients with acute coronary syndrome

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

R.A Montone ◽

M Camilli ◽

M Russo ◽

M Del Buono ◽

F Gurguglione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

St Segment Elevation ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

St Segment

Abstract Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophine that plays a key role in the regulation of both central and peripheral nervous system. Moreover, BDNF is secreted in multiple tissues and exerts systemic, autocrine, and paracrine effects in the cardiovascular system. Of importance, BDNF expression was enhanced in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic coronary arteries and may be involved in thrombus formation. Thus, BDNF has been suggested as an important link between inflammation and thrombosis, potentially involved in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Purpose In our study we aimed at assessing serum levels of BDNF in patients with ACS, evaluating differences according to clinical presentation [ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) vs. Non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS)]. Moreover, we assessed the presence of optical coherence (OCT)-defined macrophage infiltrates (MØI) in the culprit vessel of ACS patients and evaluated their relationship with BDNF levels. Methods ACS patients were prospectively selected. Blood samples were collected at admission and serum levels of BDNF were subsequently assessed. Presence of OCT-defined MØI along the culprit vessel was assessed. Results 166 ACS patients were enrolled [mean age 65.3±11.9 years, 125 (75.3%) male, 109 STEMI, 57 NSTE-ACS]. Serum levels of BDNF were higher among STEMI patients compared with NSTE-ACS [median (IQR) 2.48 pg/mL (1.54–3.34) vs. 2.12 pg/mL (1.34–2.47), p=0.007], while C-reactive protein levels did not differ between the two groups. OCT assessment was performed in 53 patients and MØI were detected in 27 patients. Of importance, patients with MØI in the culprit vessel had higher levels of BDNF compared with patients without MØI [median (IQR) 2.23 pg/mL (1.38–2.53) vs. 1.41 pg/mL (0.93–2.07), p=0.023], while C-reactive protein levels did not differ between the two groups. Of note, at multivariate regression analysis BDNF levels were independent predictor of MØI [OR: 2.20; 95% CI (1.02–4.74), p=0.043]. Conclusions Serum levels of BDNF may reliable identify the presence of local macrophage inflammatory infiltrates in patients with ACS. Moreover, BDNF levels are higher in patients with STEMI compared with NSTE-ACS. Taken together, these data suggest that BDNF may represent an interesting link between local inflammatory activation and enhanced thrombosis in ACS. BDNF serum levels Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Elevated C-reactive Protein Levels Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Moroccan Patients with Schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.092 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S269-S269

Author(s):

A. Kachouchi ◽

D.S. Said ◽

P.A. Imane ◽

P.M. Fatiha ◽

P.A. Fatima

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Serum Levels ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Moroccan Patients ◽

Protein Measurement

BackgroundRecent studies reported an association between aggression and inflammation. In this study, we examined the association between aggressive behavior and inflammatory markers (serum levels of CRP) in schizophrenia inpatients.MethodsAdult schizophrenia inpatients (n = 145) were prospectively identified and categorized according to their C-reactive protein measurement at admission as either elevated (CRP > 1 mg/dL; n = 45) or normal (CRP < 1 mg/dL; n = 100). The following indicators of aggression were compared: PANSS excitement component (PANSS-EC), restraints and suicidal behavior during hospitalization.ResultsThe results show that patients with elevated CRP levels are more aggressive during hospitalization as detected by statistically significant higher scores of aggressive behavior (PANSS-EC score), and by increased rates of physical restraint during hospitalization. No statistically significant differences in the other clinical features, including suicidal behavior.ConclusionOur results are consistent with previous findings linking schizophrenia to activation of the inflammatory response system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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C-Reactive protein and insulin growth factor 1 serum levels during the menstrual cycle in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/dme.12829 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 70-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Codner ◽

P. M. Merino ◽

D. Martínez ◽

P. Lopez ◽

C. Godoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Serum Levels ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Insulin Growth Factor ◽

Reactive Protein

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Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Melioidosis Disease Progression and Management

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02284-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 1205-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohan Natesan ◽

Enoka Corea ◽

Shivankari Krishnananthasivam ◽

Harindra Darshana Sathkumara ◽

Jennifer L. Dankmeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Serum Levels ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Intravenous Antibiotic ◽

Content Type ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Number Of Patients

ABSTRACT Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei and is underreported in many countries where the disease is endemic. A long and costly administration of antibiotics is needed to clear infections, and there is an unmet need for biomarkers to guide antibiotic treatment and increase the number of patients that complete therapy. We identified calprotectin as a lead biomarker of B. pseudomallei infections and examined correlations between this serum protein and the antibiotic treatment outcomes of patients with melioidosis. Serum levels of calprotectin and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients with melioidosis and nonmelioidosis sepsis than in healthy controls. Median calprotectin levels were higher in patients with melioidosis than in those with nonmelioidosis sepsis, whereas C-reactive protein levels were similar in both groups. Notably, intensive intravenous antibiotic treatment of patients with melioidosis resulted in lower levels of calprotectin and C-reactive protein ( P < 0.0001), coinciding with recovery. The median percent reduction of calprotectin and C-reactive protein was 71% for both biomarkers after antibacterial therapy. In contrast, we found no significant differences in calreticulin levels between the two melioidosis treatment phases. Thus, reductions in serum calprotectin levels were linked to therapeutic responses to antibiotics. Our results suggest that calprotectin may be a sensitive indicator of melioidosis disease activity and illustrate the potential utility of this biomarker in guiding the duration of antibiotic therapy.

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Correlation of C-reactive protein levels, gene polymorphism and platelets count in Dengue infection

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.326 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Sana Shamshad ◽

Sara Khan ◽

Ghazala Kaukab Raja ◽

Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Javaid Asad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein

Abstract Objective: To determine the correlation of polymorphism in C-reactive protein gene with variation in serum levels in dengue patients. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 2017 to October 2018, and comprised blood samples from dengue patients which were used to measure the serum levels of C-reactive protein. Deoxyribonucleic acid extraction followed by tetra amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was done to analyse the genotype variation T>G for single nucleotide polymorphism rs199953854 using allele-specific primers. Correlation of serum C-reactive protein levels with the C-reactive protein polymorphism in dengue patients was explored. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 200 patients, 108(54%) had very high C-reactive protein levels, 48(24%) had levels slightly higher than the upper limit, 14(7%) had low and 30(15%) had normal levels. Also, 162(81%) patients had low platelets count. Amplification of only T alleles was noted. Conclusion: C-reactive protein levels were found to be increased with suppressed platelets count in dengue patients. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs199953854 appeared to have no polymorphism. Key Words: C-reactive protein, Dengue infection, rs199953854, Continuous...

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Interrelationships Between Serum Levels of Procalcitonin and Inflammatory Markers

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A264-A265

Author(s):

Kosuke Oka ◽

Jo Araki ◽

Koichiro Yamamoto ◽

Yoshihisa Hanayama ◽

Kazuki Tokumasu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Clinical Setting ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

Abstract Various laboratory markers are utilized in general practice to detect inflammation, and procalcitonin (PCT) has also been routinely measured in many patients as a marker of bacterial infection and sepsis. An increase in PCT starts before an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), and PCT level is useful not only for the diagnosis of bacterial infection, sepsis, as an indicator of the severity and prognosis of systemic inflammatory diseases, and is also useful for determination of the response to individual treatment. PCT is a precursor of calcitonin and PCT is not produced in a healthy state but is produced by various tissues in septic conditions. Since there are many patients with elevated levels of PCT due to nonbacterial causes, the levels of serum PCT have been apt to be used for a marker for the early detection of not only bacterial infection but also many inflammatory and/or febrile disorders including fever of unknown origin (FUO) in the clinical setting of general medicine. Here we attempted to clarify the differences and similarities of inflammatory markers for a clinical setting. We retrospectively reviewed 359 patients in whom serum PCT had been measured. According to our earlier study, the patients were categorized into 7 groups: bacterial, non-bacterial infection, non-specific inflammation, neoplasm, connective tissue disease (CTD), drug-induced diseases, and unidentified causes. Data for 332 PCT-positive cases including cases of bacterial infection (20.5%), non-specific inflammation (20.8%), neoplasm (9.9%), CTD (8.4%), and non-bacterial infection (7.2%) were used for analysis. Serum PCT level was highest in the bacterial infection group (1.94 ng/ml) followed by the non-specific inflammatory group (0.58 ng/ml) and neoplastic diseases group (0.34 ng/ml). Of note, serum PCT level was positively correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein (R2=0.39), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R; R2=0.48), and ferritin, plasma level of D-dimer level and white blood cell count, whereas it was negatively correlated with serum albumin level (R2=0.27), hemoglobin concentration and platelet count. The result of the strongly positive correlation with serum level of sIL-2R suggested that an increased serum PCT level may indicate not only an inflammatory state but also a neoplastic state such as malignant lymphomas in the diagnostic process of various inflammatory disorders in a clinical setting of general practice for diagnosing febrile conditions.

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