The value of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan in patients at low risk of fragility fracture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Notey ◽  
Mayla Buensalido ◽  
Rosario Ann Del ◽  
Neil Gittoes ◽  
Sherwin Criseno
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Sodium loading, treadmill walking, and the acute redistribution of bone mineral content on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. R59-R67
Author(s):  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Kailyn Angelakos ◽  
Joshua Szczepanski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]) and bone mineral content (BMC) after an acute sodium load plus treadmill walking and then quantify the amount of sodium the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan could detect. The primary study was a single-blind randomized control crossover trial under two conditions: ingestion of six flour tablets (placebo trial) or six 1-g NaCl tablets (salt intervention trial). The tablets were ingested after baseline blood and urine collection followed immediately by the DXA scan. After 60 min of rest, a 45-min treadmill walk was conducted. Immediately postexercise, blood and urine were collected and the DXA scan was repeated. Main outcomes included changes (∆: post minus pre) in plasma [Na+] and BMC. Additionally, six 1-g NaCl tablets were superimposed over a DXA spine phantom for separate quantification of sodium as BMC. Fourteen subjects completed the primary study. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests revealed significant interaction ( F = 13.06; P = 0.0007), condition ( F = 21.88; P < 0.001), and time ( F = 6.51; P = 0.014) effects in plasma [Na+]. A significant condition ( F = 6.46; P = 0.014) effect was also noted in urine [Na+]. Total body BMC∆ was negatively correlated with plasma [Na+]∆ ( r = −0.43; P = 0.02) and urine [Na+]∆ ( r = −0.47; P = 0.01). Total body BMC∆ in the salt intervention trial [−5.5 (27) g] closely approximated the amount of NaCl ingested and subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream. The DXA scan quantified 67% of NaCl tablets as BMC in spine phantom analyses. Total body BMC∆ was negatively related to plasma and urine [Na+]∆ after treadmill walking. Reductions in total body BMC closely approximated the amount of NaCl ingested (~6 g). The DXA scan quantified NaCl as BMC.

Estimating Calcium Intake at Time of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scan

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-126
Author(s):  
Susan van der Kamp ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Oiver FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray

Sarcopenia and its Association with Geriatric Syndromes and Quality of Life in Older Indian Outpatients – A Cross-sectional Pilot Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Sunny Singhal ◽  
Gevesh Chand Dewangan ◽  
Rishav Bansal ◽  
Ashish Datt Upadhyay ◽  
Sada Nand Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Despite the huge clinical impact of sarcopenia, there is very little to no data from Indian subcontinent regarding sarcopenia in older adults. We conducted this study to assess the frequency of sarcopenia in Indian older outpatients and its characteristics and associations with various geriatric syndromes and quality of life in Indian older adults. Methods: 100 participants above the age of 65 years were recruited from the outpatient department of Geriatric Medicine of a tertiary care hospital in India. Muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance was measured by DXA scan (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), hand-held dynamometer and 4 m gait speed respectively. Sarcopenia was identified using an Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Many geriatric syndromes such as osteoporosis, dementia, depression and malnutrition were assessed using DXA scan (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), HMSE (Hindi Mental State Questionnaire), GDS-5 (Geriatric Depression scale – 5 item questionnaire) and MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment) respectively. Quality of life was assessed using the OPQOL-brief questionnaire. Results: The preval nce of sarcopenia in our study population was 53% (49.3% in males, 61.3% in females). Hypothyroidism, neurological disease and osteoporosis were the only comorbidities found to be positively associated with sarcopenia. Among geriatric syndromes, nutrition and cognition were negatively associated with sarcopenia. Sarcopeniawas also negatively related to the quality of life. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that osteoporosis (OR: 5.43; 95% CI: 1.57-18.81; p-value: <0.01) was significantly associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion: Sarcopenia was common among Indian older outpatients with increased risk of geriatric syndromes and poor quality of life, therefore, a regular sarcopenia assessment may be considered in elderly patients.

Distortion of dual energy X-ray images by faecal masses in a child with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e235312
Author(s):  
Nikhil Shah ◽  
Veena Ekbote ◽  
Vaman Khadilkar ◽  
Anuradha Khadilkar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Dxa Scans

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning is the most common investigating modality used to assess bone mineral density (BMD). Conditions causing tissue calcification and artefacts such as metallic objects may mislead the results of the DXA scan. We present here a case of a child with diabetes where the DXA images were distorted by faecal lumps, leading to falsely elevated BMD and an error in interpretation of the DXA scans. Our case suggests that DXA software may not, at times, differentiate between bone and other high-attenuating material within the regions of interest. Thus, DXA images should also be visually examined and verified with the numeric data before report preparation in these patients.

scholarly journals Effect of the lumbar scoliosis on the results of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Kirilov ◽  
Elena Kirilova ◽  
Svilen Todorov ◽  
Nikolay Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lumbar Scoliosis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Cobb’S Angle

One of the most common causes of lumbar scoliosis in adults is the decreased bone mineral density (BMD). The scoliosis in the lumbar spine has a known effect over the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan results. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of the lumbar scoliosis on the results of the DXA scan of the lumbar spine. 1019 women aged ≥40 years underwent a DXA scan of the spine. Age, weight, height, total BMD, total Tscore of the lumbar spine were recorded. The angle of the lumbar scoliosis (Cobb’s angle) was measured from the DXA scan image using a DICOM software. The incidence of lumbar scoliosis in the current study accounts to 12.3%. Women with scoliosis showed significantly higher incidence of discrepancy in BMD T-scores between the adjacent vertebrae by more than 1 SD compared to women without scoliosis, (p=0.046). DXA results of subjects with scoliosis require more detailed evaluation of the T-scores of each vertebra to make a prompt decision about the final diagnosis.

scholarly journals The risk of fractures and the need for anti-osteoporotic treatment in patients with systemic sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
A. О. Efremova ◽  
N. V. Toroptsova ◽  
O. V. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N. V. Demin ◽  
O. A. Nikitinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Objective: to estimate the high and very high Frax® 10-year probabilities of fractures in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to assess the need for anti-osteoporotic treatment.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 136 SSc patients (110 women and 26 men; mean age, 59.3±7.5 years). The patients underwent a questionnaire survey, by calculating the risk of major fractures with the FRAX® algorithm and dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur.Results and discussion. There was a very high risk of fractures in 41.2% of the examinees, a high risk in 10.3%, and a low risk in 48.5%. Osteoporosis (OP) in at least one area was detected in 41.2% of the patients. Among the persons with a low risk of fractures, OP was diagnosed in 18.2%, whereas 10.6% had a history of fractures. A total of 65.4% of SSc patients needed anti-osteoporotic treatment.Conclusion. According to the comprehensive assessment, OP treatment and fracture prevention were indicated for 65.4% of SSc patients. The FRAX® algorithm is less informative in males who need therapy than in females.

Correlation between BMD & Radio Density of Human Bones for Strength Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 326-329
Author(s):  
S.N. Khan ◽  
R.M. Warkhedkar ◽  
Ashok Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Bones

Radio Density of bones is measured in Hounsfield Units (HU) by a technique called as tomography, whereas the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is measured by Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan. We aimed at finding correlation between BMD and HU of human bones for their strength evaluation.

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA): Can it Detect Acute Scaphoid Fractures?

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. STEPHEN ◽  
D. PYE ◽  
A. R. LYONS ◽  
J. A. ONI ◽  
T. R. C. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Linear Graph ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Normal Controls

This prospective study investigated whether dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) could detect acute scaphoid fractures. We blindly compared 10 normal and 10 fractured scaphoid images produced with a new technique of DXA scan analysis. This measured and plotted the density of the scaphoid throughout its length, producing a linear graph of the scaphoids’ density instead of a single area (g/cm2) measurement of bone density. These new plots only detected six of the 10 fractures and suggested that four of the normal controls were fractured. Thus, this technique of DXA scan analysis is neither sensitive nor specific for the detection of acute scaphoid fractures.

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