scholarly journals SULFATION PATHWAYS: Expression of SULT2A1, SULT2B1 and HSD3B1 in the porcine testis and epididymis

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. M41-M55 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zimmer ◽  
L Tenbusch ◽  
M C Klymiuk ◽  
Y Dezhkam ◽  
G Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Porcine Testis

In the porcine testis, in addition to estrogen sulfates, the formation of numerous sulfonated neutral hydroxysteroids has been observed. However, their functions and the underlying synthetic pathways are still widely unclear. To obtain further information on their formation in postpubertal boars, the expression of sulfotransferases considered relevant for neutral hydroxysteroids (SULT2A1, SULT2B1) was investigated in the testis and defined segments of the epididymis applying real-time RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sulfotransferase activities were assessed in tissue homogenates or cytosolic preparations applying dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone as substrates. A high SULT2A1 expression was confirmed in the testis and localized in Leydig cells by IHC. In the epididymis, SULT2A1 expression was virtually confined to the body. SULT2B1 expression was absent or low in the testis but increased significantly along the epididymis. Immunohistochemical observations indicate that both enzymes are secreted into the ductal lumen via an apocrine mechanism. The results from the characterization of expression patterns and activity measurements suggest that SULT2A1 is the prevailing enzyme for the sulfonation of hydroxysteroids in the testis, whereas SULT2B1 may catalyze the formation of sterol sulfates in the epididymis. In order to obtain information on the overall steroidogenic capacity of the porcine epididymis, the expression of important steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19, HSD3B1, HSD17B3, SRD5A2) was monitored in the defined epididymal segments applying real-time RT-qPCR. Surprisingly, in addition to a high expression of SRD5A2 in the epididymal head, a substantial expression of HSD3B1 was detected, which increased along the organ.

HyAlx, an aristaless-related gene, is involved in tentacle formation in hydra

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (22) ◽  
pp. 4743-4752 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Smith ◽  
L. Gee ◽  
H.R. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Axial Patterning ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Model ◽  
Head Regeneration

Developmental gradients are known to play important roles in axial patterning in hydra. Current efforts are directed toward elucidating the molecular basis of these gradients. We report the isolation and characterization of HyAlx, an aristaless-related gene in hydra. The expression patterns of the gene in adult hydra, as well as during bud formation, head regeneration and the formation of ectopic head structures along the body column, indicate the gene plays a role in the specification of tissue for tentacle formation. The use of RNAi provides more direct evidence for this conclusion. The different patterns of HyAlx expression during head regeneration and bud formation also provide support for a recent version of a reaction-diffusion model for axial patterning in hydra.

scholarly journals Characterization of proprioceptive system dynamics in behaving Drosophila larvae using high-speed volumetric microscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Vaadia ◽  
Wenze Li ◽  
Venkatakaushik Voleti ◽  
Aditi Singhania ◽  
Elizabeth M.C. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Rigid Joints

SummaryProprioceptors provide feedback about body position that is essential for coordinated movement. Proprioceptive sensing of the position of rigid joints has been described in detail in several systems, however it is not known how animals with an elastic skeleton encode their body positions. Understanding how diverse larval body positions are dynamically encoded requires knowledge of proprioceptor activity patterns in vivo during natural movement. Here we applied high-speed volumetric SCAPE microscopy to simultaneously track the position, physical deformation, and temporal patterns of intracellular calcium activity of multidendritic proprioceptors in crawling Drosophila larvae. During the periodic segment contraction and relaxation that occurs during crawling, proprioceptors with diverse morphologies showed sequential onset of activity throughout each periodic episode. A majority of these proprioceptors showed activity during segment contraction with one neuron type activated by segment extension. Different timing of activity of contraction-sensing proprioceptors was related to distinct dendrite terminal targeting, providing a continuum of position encoding during all phases of crawling. These dynamics could endow different proprioceptors with specific roles in monitoring the progression of contraction waves, as well as body shape during other behaviors. We provide activity measurements during exploration as one example. Our results provide powerful new insights into the body-wide neuronal dynamics of the proprioceptive system in crawling Drosophila, and demonstrate the utility of our approach for characterization of neural encoding throughout the nervous system of a freely behaving animal.

scholarly journals Pannexin-1 Characterization after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
Xuanwei Chen ◽  
Jianhua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Pannexin 1 ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Pannexin-1 (Panx-1) is a homomeric membrane semi-channel mostly expressed in the central nervous system of mammals, including neurons and glial cells. Panx-1 channels are highly permeable to calcium and Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATP), it plays an important role in Hypoxic injury of cerebral ischemia through a variety of signal pathways, nerve cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. However, its specific role in spinal cord injury (SCI) is not clear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the characterization of Panx-1 after SCI in rats, and further analysis were made on its effect and possible mechanism in SCI in order to provide the experimental evidence for potential interfering target spot on SCI therapy. Methods A rat SCI model (Allen’s model) was established by NYU Impactor-III and the hind limb motor function of rats was observed by BBB score. The expression of Panx-1 was detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot. The correlation between Panx-1 expression and the BBB score in rats after SCI was analyzed to reveal the role of Panx-1 in SCI. Results We found that the BBB score gradually recovered after SCI, but declined significantly at day 2 after SCI. Real-time PCR and Western Blot detection showed that compared with the normal control group and the sham operation group, the expression of Panx-1 increased significantly with time after SCI, and reached a peak at day 2 after SCI. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the expression of Panx-1 protein and the BBB score of rat hind limb motor function at day 1, day 2, day 3 and day 5 after SCI. Conclusions The characterization of of Panx-1 expression after SCI in rats suggests that Panx-1 had a significant effect on the motor function recovery after SCI, and it was one of the important mechanisms that aggravate the secondary injury after SCI in rats. This provided experimental basis for further exploring the potential intervention target of SCI.

Studies on the Characterization of Factor VIII and a Co-factor VIII

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
M. M. P Paulssen ◽  
H. L. M. A Vandenbussche-Scheffers ◽  
P. B Spaan ◽  
T de Jong ◽  
M. C Planje
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Two Factors

SummaryFactor VIII occurs in the body in two different forms. In lymph factor VIII is bound to chylomicra. In plasma, factor VIII is bound to a protein.After delipidation of chylomicra we obtained a glycoprotein with a high polysaccharide content and a molecular weight of approx. 160,000.In plasma, factor VIII is attached to a protein which is present in normal concentrations in plasma of patients with haemophilia A and in serum (co-factor VIII).This factor is deficient in both the plasma and the serum of patients with von Willebrand’s disease.The binding between factor VIII and co-factor VIII is reversible.Some properties of these two factors are described.

The Sober Bacchae: Dance as Phenomenal Limitation in Nietzsche

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Monique Lyle
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
Birth Of Tragedy

This essay seeks to dispel entrenched critical opinion regarding dance across Nietzsche's writings as representative of Dionysian intoxication alone. Taking as its prompt the riposte of Alain Badiou, ‘Nietzsche is miles away from any doctrine of dance as a primitive ecstasy’ and ‘dance is in no way the liberated bodily impulse, the wild energy of the body’, the essay uncovers the ties between dance and Apollo in the Nietzschean theory of art while qualifying dance's relation to Dionysus. Primarily through an analysis of The Dionysiac World View and The Birth of Tragedy, the essay seeks to illuminate enigmatic statements about dance in Nietzsche (‘in dance the greatest strength is only potential, although it is betrayed by the suppleness of movement’ and ‘dance is the preservation of orderly measure’). It does this through an elucidation of the specific function of dance in Nietzsche's interpretation of classical Greece; via an assessment of the difficulties associated with the Nietzschean understanding of the bacchanal; and lastly through an analysis of Nietzsche's characterization of dance as a symbol. The essay culminates in a discussion of dance's ties to Nietzschean life affirmation; here the themes of physico-phenomenal existence, joy and illusion in Nietzsche are surveyed.

In-vivo evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Cancer is assemblage diseases involving abnormal cell growth amid the potential of spread to other parts of the body due to tobacco use are the cause of about of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet & drinking alcohol. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally. In females, the most common type is breast cancer. Cisplatin also known as cytophosphane is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent from the oxazophosphinans groups were used to treat cancers & autoimmune disorders. Based on the above reasons I will fix the aim Preparation characterization of Cisplatin- nano particles  &  its anticancer activity. Solid tumor volume examination report showed that the assessment of different day indication 15,20,25 & 30th variations of different groups of tumor volumes were decreased CPG Nanoparticles (100 mg/kg)+ DAL(15th day 4.97±0.24↓), (20th day 0.6±0.13↓), (25th day 1.35±0.30↓) & (30th day 1.89±0.13↓).

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