scholarly journals Improvement of semen quality by nocturnal scrotal cooling and moderate behavioural change to reduce genital heat stress in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jung ◽  
M Eberl ◽  
WB Schill
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Scrotal Temperature ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Sperm Output

A questionnaire assessing factors that might cause an increase in scrotal temperature was completed by patients with reproducible oligoasthenoteratozoospermia of idiopathic nature or caused by varicocele. Evaluation by means of a grading scale revealed increased scrotal heat stress in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients compared with normozoospermic men (P < 0.01). In addition, long-term determination of 24 h scrotal temperature profiles showed that compared with semen donors, oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients frequently had scrotal temperatures above 35.5 degrees C despite the same environmental temperatures (P < 0.05). In 88% of cases, maximum scrotal temperatures were measured during rest or sleep phases, whereas minimum values were recorded during physical activity or frequent change of position. Nocturnal scrotal cooling by means of an air stream resulted in a decrease in scrotal temperature of approximately 1 degrees C. Furthermore, a highly significant increase in sperm concentration (P < 0.0001) and total sperm output (P < 0.0001) was achieved after nocturnal scrotal cooling for 12 weeks together with a moderate decrease in factors leading to genital heat stress. A significant improvement in sperm motility (P < 0.05) and sperm morphology (P < 0.05) was also observed, but this improvement was markedly less pronounced than the changes in sperm concentration. This study shows the importance of genital heat stress as a cofactor in fertility impairment in men and indicates nocturnal scrotal cooling as a therapeutic option.

Factors affecting the response of working boars to changing environmental temperature

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
Angela H Cliff ◽  
J H Dunne ◽  
P R English ◽  
J S M Hutchinson ◽  
O Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Environmental Temperature ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
Sperm Output

It is well established that high environmental temperature can have adverse effects on sperm concentration and the normality of sperm in the boar. Induced abnormalities include reduced motility, abnormal heads, proximal droplets, coiled and bent tails and abnormal acrosomes (Malmgren and Larsson, 1989). While all stages of spermatogenesis can be adversely affected, the primary spermatocytes are most vulnerable to these influences. Since spermatogenesis occurs over 45 days, any adverse effects of elevated ambient temperature can affect sperm quality for around 6 weeks. The maximum period of infertility appears around weeks 3 and 4 after heat stress. Reduced levels of testosterone and sometimes of LH following heat stress are implicated in these adverse effects. There is evidence that boars subjected to high constant temperature (30°C), which have become acclimatised to such, are affected less in terms of sperm output and quality (Cameron and Blackshaw, 1980) than when boars are subject to sudden major increases in temperature from fairly low levels (15 to 30 C) e.g. during the summer months (Antonyuk et al, 1983). There also appears to be large differences between boars in their ability to adapt to exposure to high environmental temperature by minimising temperature rise and avoiding adverse effects on semen quality (Cameron and Blackshaw, 1980). These workers found that boars prone to heat stress show an acute rise in body temperature in response to elevated environmental temperature and this sudden rise has a more adverse effect on semen quality than the length of exposure to the elevated temperature. There appears to be little information available on the reasons for such important between boar differences. This study was carried out to determine rectal temperature responses of boars to varying summer temperature in an intensive pig enterprise in Scotland and to attempt to determine some of the factors associated with ‘high’ and ‘low’ responding boars.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Buck’s Adaptability and Semen Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
M Khan ◽  
MT Kamal ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on adaptability and semen quality of buck. Almost similar 10 Black Bengal bucks were selected for the study at Artificial Insemination Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Prerequisite biological data were collected from each animal before keeping them sun heat and after 1 hour sun exposure. Different semen characteristics of each animal were measured. Temperature humidity index (THI) was 19.95 in the morning which indicate all the animals were in absence of heat stress and THI was 25.54 in the noon which indicate all the animals were in severe heat stress at noon. Buck 1 and buck 5 were more heat resistant (p<0.01), because their thermolysis capacity (TC) values were less than the others. There were no differences in tunica dartos index and semen characteristics among different bucks (p>0.05). Positive correlation between sperm motility and testis length (p<0.05), and negative correlation between sperm concentration and scrotal skin temperature (p<0.05) were found. From the study it can be concluded that all the bucks were in severe heat stress at noon time and TC can be used as an indicator for selection of buck for heat tolerance.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 151-156 2016

PSI-9 Evaluation of an Electronically-controlled Floor Cooling Pad on Semen Quality in Boars During Moderate Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
Hailey M Hedrick ◽  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Tyler Fields ◽  
Allan P Schinckel ◽  
Jay S Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Controlled Cooling ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Motion

Abstract Heat stress (HS) decreases semen quality and production in boars. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the use of electronically-controlled cooling pads to reduce the negative effects of HS on semen quality. Boars (n=24) were randomly allotted to two treatment groups: boars housed on a non-functional cooling pad (CON) or pads flushing water every 8 minutes or when the pad reached 28.5°C (FLUSH). For 3 d, boars were subjected to cyclical HS (28 to 32°C; &gt;50% relative humidity). Semen was collected for 7 weeks (2 weeks prior to determine baseline semen parameters, the day after HS, and weekly for 4 weeks post HS), and evaluated for volume, sperm concentration, motility, progressive motility, morphology, viability, and kinematic motion parameters. FLUSH boars had higher semen volumes compared to CON (P=0.011) without a corresponding increase in total sperm produced (P=0.852). Boars in FLUSH had higher motility in all weeks (87.0–90.8%) when compared to CON boars. FLUSH boars had higher motility starting in week 4 after HS compared to CON (P=0.017). No differences in progressive motility or kinematic motion parameters were found. There was a tendency for FLUSH boars to have a higher percent normal morphology compared to CON boars (83.1 vs 77.5%, P=0.083) resulting from decreased proximal and distal droplets in the FLUSH boars (P=0.029 and P=.0014, respectively). During week 2 post HS, there was a tendency for FLUSH boars to have a lower percentage of non-viable cells compared to all other weeks for FLUSH and CON boars (P=0.088). Cooling pads were effective at reducing the negative impacts of HS on semen volume, motility, and morphological abnormalities.

scholarly journals The effect of varicocele on semen quality in boars exposed to heat stress1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Tasha R Gruhot ◽  
Lea A Rempel ◽  
Brett R White ◽  
Benny E Mote
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Component Trait ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Quality Issues

Abstract Semen quality has a dramatic impact on reproductive efficiency in the swine industry, influencing both conception rate and litter size. The objective of this study was to assess whether the presence of varicocele hinders semen quality in both thermoneutral and heat stress (HS) conditions. At approximately 6 mo of age, ultrasonography was used to measure left and right pampiniform plexus area in order to detect varicocele in maternal line boars at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Between 10 and 12 mo of age, semen was collected from each boar (n = 28) twice weekly. Boars were collected under thermoneutral conditions, were then heat stressed for 7 d to exacerbate any semen quality issues, and semen was collected post-HS for 6 wk. Sperm characteristics were determined by computer-assisted semen analysis. The presence of varicocele had a significant effect on sperm concentration (P = 0.04) and trended toward significance for mean sperm head area (P = 0.06) throughout the duration of the study. An interaction existed between varicocele and collection time point at weeks 2–5 post-HS for distal droplet percentage, suggesting that boars with varicocele were possibly more susceptible to heat-stress-induced semen quality issues than boars without varicocele. Moreover, semen quality was reduced in boars with versus without varicocele under both thermoneutral and HS conditions. Therefore, detection of varicocele by ultrasound could represent a potential marker of fertility in young boars or as a component trait in selection indices for fertility.

80 Use of an Electronically-controlled Floor Cooling Pad During Heat Stress on Thermoregulatory and Reproductive Performance in Boars

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Tyler Field ◽  
Allan P Schinckel ◽  
Jay S Johnson ◽  
Robert Stwalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Controlled Cooling ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Kinematic Motion

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the effects of electronically-controlled floor cooling pads on thermoregulatory and reproductive parameters in boars during heat stress (HS). Boars (n = 24) were randomly assigned to crates with non-functional pads (CON) or pads that were flushed in either 8-min intervals or when the pad reached 28.5°C (FLUSH). For 3 d, boars were subjected to cyclical HS (28 to 35°C; &gt;65% relative humidity). Boars were fed 2.4 kg/d and daily feed intake was recorded. Respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (Rtemp) and skin temperature were recorded every 2 h during HS (via IR camera), testicular temperature was recorded twice daily. Semen was collected d7 and d14 before HS, the day following HS and weekly for 6 weeks and evaluated for volume, sperm concentration, motility, progressive motility, morphological abnormalities, and viability. After 2 h of HS, FLUSH boars had reduced RR (P &lt; 0.001) and RTemp (P &lt; 0.001) when compared to control boars, and this difference was maintained throughout HS. Skin and testicular temperature were reduced in FLUSH vs. CON boars after 6 h of HS (P &lt; 0.05). Semen volume was greater in FLUSH vs CON boars (P = 0.01) resulting in a tendency for an increase in total sperm per ejaculate (P = 0.075). From weeks 2 to 5 post-HS, FLUSH boars had increased motility (P = 0.006) and progressive motility (P = 0.001), with corresponding increases in sperm kinematic motion parameters when compared to CON boars. The number of morphologically normal sperm cells were increased (P = 0.006) in FLUSH vs CON boars due to reduced distal droplets (P = 0.033) and proximal droplets (P &lt; 0.001). Abnormal acrosomes were reduced (P &lt; 0.001) in FLUSH vs CON boars at week 3 post-HS. In summary, electronically controlled cooling pads effectively reduced negative thermoregulatory indicators of HS and minimized or removed the negative impacts of HS on semen quality in boars.

Monthly variations in some reproductive parameters of Barki and Awassi rams throughout 1 year under subtropical conditions 1. Semen characteristics and hormonal levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Taha ◽  
E. I. Abdel-Gawad ◽  
M. A. Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Sperm Output ◽  
Monthly Variations

AbstractFifteen sexually mature rams, five each of Barki, Awassi (I, imported from Syria) and Awassi (LB, locally born in Egypt) were used in this study. Semen was collected monthly from rams for a period of 12 months to study semen characteristics. In addition, blood samples were collected from rams during the four seasons of the year to determine serum triiodothyronine (T3) and testosterone hormones. Results showed that Barki and Awassi (I and LB) rams are continuous breeders as they show sexual desire and produce semen all the year round. However, monthly variations in semen quality were detected. Relative testes volume, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm output, sperm motility, percentage of live sperm and serum testosterone level were higher during summer months than at other months of the year. Serum T3 was significantly higher in winter and spring than that observed in summer and autumn. In addition, percentages of dead spermatozoa were higher in winter and early spring than in autumn and summer. Furthermore, summer months showed moderate percentages of abnormal spermatozoa and spermatozoa without intact acrosomes. These results indicate that ram semen quality in the subtropics may be better during summer months than during other months of the year.

scholarly journals Effect of Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin C and E on Boar Ejaculate Quality at Heat Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Horký ◽  
Ladislav Zeman ◽  
Jiří Skládanka ◽  
Pavel Nevrkla ◽  
Petr Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zinc Methionine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of experiment was to test effect of selected antioxidants (selenium, zinc, vitamin C and E) to reduce the impact of heat stress at boars. In the experiment, boars of Duroc breed were tested. The first control group (n = 10) was not supplemented with antioxidants. The second experimental group (n = 10) was supplemented with antioxidants in the following quantities of 0.5 mg of selenium (seleno-methionine), 100 mg of zinc (zinc-methionine), 70 mg of vitamin E (alpha‑tocopherol) and 350 mg of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) per kilogram of their feed. The experiment was carried out for 120 days and took place in summer (June to September). During the experiment, average and maximum daily temperatures, where boars were stabled, were monitored. Average daily temperature ranged from 12 to 28 °C. Maximum temperature during the day was from 13 to 32 °C. The evaluation of the semen quality has revealed increased number of abnormal spermatozoa in the control group of boars by 39 % (P < 0.05). There were observed no significant changes at other monitored parameters (ejaculate volume, total count of produced sperm, motility and sperm concentration). The results show that the addition of selenium, zinc, vitamin C and E may reduce the effect of heat stress to some extent at breeding boars.

scholarly journals Sexual urge, semen quality and seminal oxidative markers of rabbit bucks of different reproductive stages in response to peak of heat stress in Southwest of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
O. A. Jimoh ◽  
E. O. Ewuola ◽  
P. Acheneje
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Stress Thermique ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Rabbits of three reproductive stages were evaluated for their reproductive superiority during peak thermal comfort in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Within rabbit population in the study area, bucks were categorized into age groups from the parity records of the farm. Pubertal rabbits (4-5 months old), Mature rabbits (7-9 months old), Adult rabbits (above 1-year-old). Animals were housed individually and allotted randomly into experimental units. This investigation was carried out within February and March when the average daily temperature humidity index (THI) is at the peak. Thirty rabbit bucks per age group, housed individually and randomly allotted to experimental units were used for this study. All bucks were made to serve an artificial vagina, libido was evaluated, and semen collected were assessed for semen characteristics, seminal biochemical and oxidative stress indices weekly from the ninth week. The result obtained revealed that mature bucks had significantly (p<0.05) highest semen volume, mass activity, motility, sperm concentration, total motile and total live spermatozoa among the three age groups. The effect of heat stress was most severe in pubertal bucks as they recorded the least y (p<0.05) semen quality among the three age groups. Seminal lipid peroxidation was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mature and adult bucks compared with pubertal bucks. Seminal total antioxidant capacity was significantly (p<0.05) highest in pubertal bucks but the least value was obtained in mature bucks. It can be concluded that pubertal rabbits possess the best antioxidant stability among the three age group but possessed least semen quality compared with adult and mature buck.     Des lapins de trois stages reproducteurs ont été évalués pour leur supériorité reproductrice pendant le maximum de confort thermique à Ibadan, au sud-ouest du Nigeria. Dans la population de lapins dans la zone d'étude, les mâles ont été classés en groupes d'âge à partir des registres de parité de la ferme. Lapins pubertés (4-5 mois), lapins matures (7-9 mois), lapins adultes (au-dessus de 1 an). Les animaux ont été logés individuellement et attribués au hasard dans des unités expérimentales. Cette enquête a été menée en février et mars, lorsque l'indice quotidien moyen d'humidité de la température (THI) est au sommet. Trente mâles de lapin par groupe d'âge, logés individuellement et aléatoirement attribués à des unités expérimentales ont été utilisés pour cette étude. Tous les mâles ont été faits pour servir un vagina artificiel, la libido a été évaluée, et le sperme recueilli ont été évalués pour des caractéristiques de sperme, des indices biochimiques et oxydants séminaux de stress hebdomadaires de la neuvième semaine. Le résultat obtenu a révélé que les mâles matures avaient significativement (p<0.05) le volume de sperme le plus élevé, l'activité de masse, la motilité, la concentration de sperme, le motile total et le spermatozoa vivant total parmi les trois groupes d'âge. L'effet du stress thermique a été le plus grave chez les mâles pubertés, car ils ont enregistré la moins de qualité de sperme y (p<0.05) parmi les trois groupes d'âge. La peroxydation séminale de lipide était sensiblement (p<0.05) plus élevée dans les mâles mûrs et adultes comparés aux mâles pubertals. La capacité antioxydante totale séminale était significativement (p<0.05) la plus élevée dans les mâles pubertals mais la valeur la moins élevée a été obtenue dans les mâles mûrs. On peut conclure que les lapins pubertés possèdent la meilleure stabilité antioxydante parmi le groupe d'âge trois mais ont possédé la qualité inférieure de sperme comparée à l'argent adulte et mûr.

scholarly journals Use of Infrared Thermography during Ejaculation Process and Its Link with Semen Quality and Freezability in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3023
Author(s):  
Koray Tekin ◽  
Muhammed Enes İnanç ◽  
Doğukan Özen ◽  
Beste Cil ◽  
Kemal Tuna Olğaç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Scrotal Temperature ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Thermal Patterns ◽  
Infrared Monitoring ◽  
Eye Temperature

This study aimed to describe the thermal variation of external reproductive tracts during ejaculation in relation to sperm quality in dogs. Forty-six adult fertile dogs were monitored using a thermal camera before, during and after the semen collection, taking into account penile and scrotal temperatures as reproductive thermal patterns while eye and perianal temperatures were recorded as complementary thermal patterns of behavioral response. The parameters were classified depending on age (≤4 years and >4 years), body weight (BW) (≤75 kg and >75 kg), sperm concentration (CON) (≤300 million and >300 million), total testicular volume (TTV) (≤600 cm3 and >600 cm3) and total ejaculation time (TET) (≤800 s and >800 s) of the animals from which semen was collected successfully. Heavier males (p < 0.05) that have more consistent testicles (p < 0.01) as well as quicker ejaculate responders (p < 0.001) and lower scrotal temperature had better semen (Δ motility) freezability. The lower eye temperature prior to the ejaculation (p < 0.01), lower scrotal temperature following ejaculation (p < 0.01), and conversely, higher penile temperature during the ejaculation (p < 0.001) had a higher sperm concentration. Furthermore, the sperm freezability was negatively correlated with total ejaculation time (r = −0.39, p < 0.05) and sperm abnormalities were lower in the ejaculate of dogs having a higher temperature of the scrotum, bulbus and penis. In conclusion, infrared monitoring throughout semen collection in dogs can provide information on behavioral reactions during human manipulation, as well as semen quality and testicular functionality.

139 Heat stress has a deleterious effect on bull semen quality and subsequent embryo development

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
A. Seifi-Jamadi ◽  
H. Kohram ◽  
M. Zhandi ◽  
N. Llamas Luceño ◽  
B. Leemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Humidity Index

High ambient temperature induces an increase in bovine body temperature above the physiological homeothermic point, leading to impaired reproductive performance. Belgian Blue bulls are more susceptible to heat stress compared with most other cattle breeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether high ambient temperature affected bull semen quality and subsequent embryo development. For this purpose, semen samples were collected from six Belgian Blue bulls during August (14-28 days after three consecutive warm days with temperature-humidity index between 63.8 and 83.7) and March 2016 (temperature-humidity index between 35.9 and 47.4). After semen collection, volume, sperm concentration, and motility of fresh semen were assessed. Furthermore, frozen sperm samples were used to assess the motion parameters and morphological abnormalities using computer-assisted sperm analysis, viability and reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) production using flow cytometry, and acrosome integrity and chromatin condensation using fluorescence microscopy. Afterward, blastocysts were produced (r=4) by conventional invitro methods for assessment of embryo development (Wydooghe et al. 2014 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 26, 717-724; https://doi.org/10.1071/RD13043). Cleavage rate was determined 48h after fertilisation, and the blastocyst rates were determined on Days 7 and 8 postinsemination. Moreover, Day 8 blastocysts underwent differential staining in order to determine the numbers of the inner cell mass, trophectoderm, total cell number, and apoptotic cells ratio. The data set was analysed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Normal distribution was checked using the UNIVARIATE procedure, and the Shapiro-Wilk test and arcsine square root transformation were used when required. Furthermore, Duncan's test was applied to determine the significant differences (P=0.05). In fresh semen, samples from the non-heat-stressed (NHS) group showed a higher sperm concentration compared with samples from the heat-stressed (HS) group (P=0.05), whereas semen volume and motility were not affected by heat stress (P&gt;0.05). In frozen-thawed semen, total and progressive motility and straight-line velocity were lower in the HS group compared with the NHS group (P=0.05), whereas the generation of H2O2, percentages of aberrant chromatin condensation, total morphological abnormality, spermatozoa with bent tails, and distal protoplasmic droplets were higher in the HS group compared with the NHS group (P=0.05). The cleavage rate and blastocyst rates on Days 7 and 8 were higher (P=0.05) in the NHS group (70.4±1.13, 25.4±1.84, and 40.3±1.15, respectively) compared with the HS group (62.8±1.49, 15.4±1.56, and 23.3±1.84, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in hatched or hatching rate of two treatments (P&gt;0.05). The total cell number and trophectoderm were higher in NHS-derived blastocysts than in HS-derived blastocysts (P=0.05), whereas the apoptotic cells ratio was lower (P&lt;0.001) in NHS blastocysts (2.16±0.48% vs. 5.21±0.52%). In conclusion, these findings show that elevated ambient temperature during summer as a consequence of climate change can lead to decreased quality of fresh and frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa and subsequent embryo development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document