scholarly journals “When a Nation Has No Leader, Poets Become Its Leaders” (Ukrainian Indigenous Literature as Viewed by Yevhen Malaniuk through a Mythological Prism)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Olha Slonovska
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Indigenous Literature ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Political Myth ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article discusses the literary-critical and national political activity of the outstanding Ukrainian poet and states figure Yevhen Malaniuk, using a corpus of his literary-critical essays. The author analyzes the oeuvre of diasporic writers in comparison with that of indigenous Ukrainian poets and prosaists who lived under the yoke of ideological prejudices and persecutions of the Soviet era, a symbiosis of “socialist realism” with stillborn “modernism”. Yearning for their homeland, Ukrainian diasporic writers created images of Ukraine the Vision, Ukraine the Dream, Ukraine the Goal, and an ideological political myth of a nation state. Yevhen Malaniuk fulfilled this philosophical and political objective brilliantly. His mythological thinking generated the concept of Ukraine the Hellas as a phenomenon of global importance. From his perspective, only by the glorious heroics of patriots and passionaries is it possible to foster national awareness. However, even with titans such as Taras Shevchenko, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Ivan Mazepa, and Symon Petliura, Ukrainian society was nevertheless unable to grasp such heroic endeavors adequately. Outstanding Ukrainian cultural activists never succeeded in viewing reality from a critical perspective. The poet debunks Russian colonialism and castigates Russian pro-imperial literature, the “split” Hohol, the chauvinistic propaganda of Russian culture. Yevhen Malaniuk’s oeuvre is seen as occupying a unique role in our literature

Questioning the Hegemony of the Nation State in Belarus: Production of Intellectual Discourses as Production of Resources

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pershai
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Nation States

Katherine Verdery writes that “[i]n the modern period, nation has become a potent symbol and basis of classification within an international system of nation states”; in turn, nationalism “is a political utilization of the symbol nation through discourse and political activity, as well as the sentiment that draws people into responding to this symbol's use.” However, the idea of “nation state” and its functioning can be seen as a part of the larger hegemonic constructions that operate on the level of “common” beliefs that legitimize existing social hierarchies and divisions of economic resources, and on the level of relationships between states and nations.

Citizens, the Smoking Guns of AFSPA and Bare Life in Northeast India

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-367
Author(s):  
Vibha Arora
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Indian Nation

At the heart of ‘Indian nation-state making’ in the post-colonial context is dominant imagery and imaginary of Indian-ness, and there is an uncertain relationship between legitimate and illegitimate violence, and debate on integration and coercion of diverse nationalities in this state-nation. The ethnic nationalities of India’s Northeast have not been well integrated into the Indian imaginary and share a sense of belonging. Insurgency shapes the politics of this borderland and fuels secessionist aspirations and led to a demarcation of disturbed areas and exceptional citizens. Following Foucault and Agamben, I highlight the immense ‘unchecked’ sovereignty and biopolitical control of the Indian government to demarcate zones of democratic exception in Northeast India and enforce laws such as the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) to perpetuate its domination, militarise and radically decide on matters of life. The law is draconian in its implications and I review some of the extant literature that reveals the ‘bare life’ enjoyed by some Indian citizens. Integrating ethnographic voices from Manipur, this paper deepens our critical perspective on the AFSPA to understand its fundamental impact on everyday life and routine violence in Manipur and the consequent emigration of its citizens.

scholarly journals Modern political activity in gender aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
N. O. Kodatska
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Gender Features

The article describes the main gender features of the implementation of political activities. We study the gender analysis as a process of assessing the different impact on women and men, which is implemented by existing or planned programs, legislation, public policy directions, in all spheres of society and the state. Moreover, the research proves the existence in society of discrimination based on sex, which means acts or omissions that express any distinction, exclusion or privilege on the basis of sex if they are intended to restrict or make it impossible to recognize, use or exercise on an equal basis human rights and freedoms for women and men. The article analyzes gender stereotypes in the social and political sphere that carried out on the example of a gender portrait of the Dnepropetrovsk region. Therefore, various forms of political activity are considered as a set of actions of individuals and social groups aimed at realizing their own political interests. We explore the effectiveness of the implementation of gender policy, which is manifested in the actions of political actors aimed at the adoption of the partnership of the sexes in the definition and implementation of political goals, objectives and methods for their achievement. It was stated that in the process of the democratic development of Ukrainian society, a social order for women engaged in active public and political activities and capable of holding high management positions should be met. This work reveals that the necessary component of the process of social development is the conduct of gender analysis, the introduction of gender analysis in the practice of assessing all social processes and the effectiveness of management of socio-economic and political development.In addition, the study proves that prerequisite for the development of society is gender equality, that is, the equal legal status of women and men and equal opportunities for its implementation, which allows individuals of both sexes to participate equally in all spheres of society’s life. Also noted that the existence of gender inequality slows down the opportunities for economic growth, weakens the system of public administration and reduces the effectiveness of human development strategies. Therefore, careful study of the gender features of contemporary political life and the definition of the directions of further social development is an important condition for ensuring gender parity in various spheres of Ukrainian society. Accordingly, we determine that it is necessary to reduce the influence on the public consciousness of gender stereotypes, that is, stereotypes about the role and place of women and men in society having a cultural and historical basis and, in the majority, restricting the rights of women in society and generating gender discrimination. The article demonstrates that the peculiarities of modern political processes require the search for new approaches to explain and predict the various conflicts between the branches of power, political crises, in order to design policies and to choose the means of state policy.

Taxation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Björklund Larsen ◽  
Karen Boll
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
State Taxation

Taxation is the collection by a revenue authority of levies, fees, or charges from residents, businesses, or other legal entities deemed taxable pursuant to laws and regulations. Taxation affects most people in the world within the confines of a nation, state, or region. Some people claim taxation is theft by the state, others claim that it is a moral action and duty, and a third view is that taxes are expenses that citizens incur in order to make claims on the state. Taxation is thus an area of contestation. Taxpayers pay taxes on what they produce or transport, on their salaries and other income, and on their consumption. Taxation not only has a fiscal purpose, but can be used for resource allocation within society, for income redistribution, and for leveling economic stability to address issues of unemployment, prices, and economic growth. Research on taxation has been conducted in most social sciences. Legal scholars discuss changes to the law, economists emphasize taxation’s economic impact within the constraints of models, the accounting discipline addresses the organization and measurement of taxation, and behavioral economists and psychologists aim to predict human behavior in taxation experiments. While this research has extended the knowledge of fiscal practices, taxation has long been in dire need of a critical perspective on its human consequences, its social impact, and how it is culturally shaped. An emerging anthropology of taxation can address these issues. The anthropology of taxation opens a host of interconnected issues at the nexus of states, markets, and citizenship. It focuses on money, work, and ownership; notions of fairness and honesty or avoidance and evasion; the politics of regulation and redistribution; and the balance between taking responsibility for oneself and for others, to name a few. Ethnographic studies of taxation can depict how various stakeholders in the tax arena shape and are shaped by taxation. And they can illustrate how subjects of taxation—residents, businesses, communities, and societies—through their view on and practices of taxation, negotiate their relation to the state and to other beneficiaries. Turning our attention to the collecting side, taxation provides a multifaceted arena for issues such as policymaking, governance, and digitalization. The role that tax advisers play, often advising taxpayers on curtailing tax, also suggests a complicated relation with society. Anthropologists can untangle and illustrate the relations taxation create between various stakeholders through notions of social contract, governance, fiscal citizenship, reciprocity, and redistribution.

Rethinking Arendt’s Theory of Necessity: Humanness as ‘Way of Life’, or: the Ordinary as Extraordinary

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lechte
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
People Today

If genuine political activity can only be undertaken by citizens in the public sphere in a nation-state, what of stateless people today – asylum seekers and refugees cut adrift on the high seas? This is what is at stake in Hannah Arendt’s political theory of necessity. This article reconsiders Arendt’s notion of the Greek oikos (household) as the sphere of necessity with the aim of challenging the idea that there is a condition of necessity or mere subsistence, where life is reduced to satisfying basic biological needs. For Arendt, the Greek oikos is the model that provides the inspiration for her theory because necessity activities were kept quite separate from action in the polis. The ordinary and the undistinguished happen in the oikos and its equivalent, with the polis being reserved for extraordinary acts done for glory without any regard for life. The exclusionary nature of this theory of the polis as action has, at best, been treated with kid gloves by Arendt’s commentators. With reference to Heidegger on the polis and Agamben’s notion of oikonomia, I endeavour to show that the so-called ordinary is embedded in a way of life that is extraordinary and the key to grasping humanness.

“Socialist in content, national in form:” the making of Soviet national art and the case of Buryatia

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tagangaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Nationality Policy ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Soviet Nationality Policy

This article examines the fine art of the Soviet national republics and its discourse in the Soviet Union, which were considerably shaped under the influence of socialist realism and Soviet nationality policy. While examining the central categories of Soviet artistic discourse such as the “national form,” “national distinctness,” and “tradition,” as well as cultural and scientific institutions responsible for the image of art of non-Russian nationalities, the author reveals the existence of a number of colonial features and discursive and institutional practices that foster a cultural divide between Russian and non-Russian culture and contribute to the marginalization of art. Special attention is paid to the implications of this discursive shaping for the local artistic scene in Buryatia.

scholarly journals Towards a Supernatural Propaganda. The DPRK Myth in the Movie The Big-Game Hunter

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Roman Husarski
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Korean Cinema ◽  
Political Religion ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Myth ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, the world thought that the collapse of the USSR in 1991 would lead to a similar outcome in North Korea. Although the Kim regime suffered harsh economic troubles, it was able to distance itself from communism without facing an ideological crisis and losing mass support. The same core political myths are still in use today. However, after the DPRK left the ideas of socialist realism behind, it has become clearer that the ideology of the country is a political religion. Now, its propaganda is using more supernatural elements than ever before. A good example is the movie The Big-Game Hunter (Maengsu sanyangkkun) in which the Japanese are trying to desacralize Paektu Mountain, but instead experience the fury of the holy mountain in the form of thunderbolts. The movie was produced in 2011 by P’yo Kwang, one of the most successful North Korean directors. It was filmed in the same year Kim Chŏng-ŭn came to power. The aim of the paper is to show the evolution of the DPRK political myth in North Korean cinema, in which The Big-Game Hunter seems to be another step in the process of mythologization. It is crucial to understand how the propaganda works, as it is still largely the cinema that shapes the attitudes and imagination of the people of the DPRK.

scholarly journals Subjects That Shape Public Policy In The Sphere Of Circulation Of Medical Means

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Tovt
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Implementation of an effective policy in the field of medical means circulation at the present stage of the development of Ukrainian society is one of the defining conditions for its further democratic reform, strengthening in the country of the institutions of the rule of law, competitive market economy, ensuring the implementation of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Any policy becomes understandable when it is understood who carries out it and what it is aimed at, i.e. defined subjects and objects of policy in society at one or another stage of historical development. This definition makes it possible to clarify the essence of political relations between subjects, as well as between subjects and objects of policy, to reveal the forms of their political behavior, methods of political activity, means of transformation of the political environment. The article highlights the issues concerning subjects that form the general state policy in the field of circulation of medicines. Their analysis is carried out and their main functions and tasks are determined. The state policy in the sphere of circulation of medicinal products is formed and implemented by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Medicinal Products, professional associations of pharmaceutical workers, within the powers of which is the adoption of different types of normative legal acts (concepts, programs, provisions, procedures, rules, standards, instructions, instructions, licensing conditions, lists, codes, etc.), agreed with European and international legislation, as well as, if necessary, with other central bodies of executive power. Such standards follow, in addition to general normative legal acts, also from specialized acts on the formation of such policy.

Essence of "Political Myth"

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-476
Author(s):  
Salome Khizanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Death Of God ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Political Myth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Technological Management

In  XIX-XX centuries, both origin of the new political myth and its subsequent development were linked to radical changes in the history of mankind. "The Death of God" is the most dangerous result caused by these changes. The "ungodly world" is dominated by historical people. In order to change reality, the growth of his creative ambitions  increases the risk of his freedom. This reality is evident in Nietzsche's doctrine, where nihilism achieves self-awareness and the will to power is declared to be "the meaning of great politics”. In modern analogies of political myth, the theme  of the "apriority" of human freedom and the influence of the powerful person (nation, state) are getting more active.  Their impact on human masses is quite big.  What kind of positive and negative results can we obtain from such deep, comprehensive, and serious challenges?  We can find  the answers in the necessary conclusions on the topic in literary and philosophical works. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, Nietzsche’s doctrine gets our attention. With humanistic pathos, he endures time. He aims  to solve the puzzles of eternal existence and for this reason he gives meaningful advice to historical man. We believe that in  modern conditions of technological management of political myth, the paradigm of political myth created by Nietzsche is viable. With this idea we feel a kind of need to pay more attention to the predictions of the genius of the era.

scholarly journals Social inclusion in the assessment of social quality: practices of participation in Ukraine in the 2000s

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Savelyev
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Social Quality ◽  
Quality Practices ◽  
European Values ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article contends the priority of practices of political, civic and social participation in the measurement of social inclusion as a component of social quality. Comparative analysis of the third (1999-2001) and the fourth (2008-2010) waves of European values study demonstrates contradictory tendencies of different types of participation in Ukraine during the late 1990s - 2000s which allows an assessment of important dimension of social quality of Ukrainian society in the context of other countries in Eastern and Western Europe. The structure of factors of civic and social participation in Ukraine has similarities with democratic countries - Germany, France and Poland, as well as with authoritarian Russia and Belarus. The growth of political activity and disproportionately low levels of civic and social participation in Ukraine point to problems of social inclusion and, respectively, relatively low level of social quality. It is concluded in the article that political reforms without corresponding changes in civic and social participation will not lead to the strengthening of democratic institutions of Ukrainian society and establishing a stable system of consolidated democracy.

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