scholarly journals A set of important kinetic properties of crystals and their general statistical calculations

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Y. S. Budzhak
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Generalized Equations ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Conductive Medium ◽  
Crystal Properties ◽  
Spatial Quantization ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the generalized equations of electric conductivity and heat conductivity are well known. They describe the response of the conductive medium to the effect of the drift fields in it and the magnetic field. These equations include phenomenological tensors and coefficients that determine the whole set of important kinetic properties of conducting crystals. Therefore, in order to find out the nature of crystal properties, it is necessary to clarify the nature of the set of kinetic tensors and the coefficients included in the general equilibrium of electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. In this article, we will calculate the whole complex of these important quantities for isotropic crystals by statistical physics methods for general conditions of observation. And show the effect of spatial quantization on kinetic properties in 2D and 1D crystals.

scholarly journals A Set of the Important Kinetic Properties of Crystals and Their Dependence on the Charge Carriers’ Scattering Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Budzhak ◽  
T. Wacławski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Conducting Medium ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Generalized Equations ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Crystal Properties

In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, there are known the generalized equations of electrical and heat conduction. They describe the response of conducting medium to the action of drift fields in the medium as well as a magnetic field. The phenomenological tensors and coefficients in these equations describe all set of the important kinetic properties of conducting crystals. Therefore, to provide an explanation for the nature of the crystal properties, the nature of a set of the kinetic tensors and coefficients must be explained. In this paper, under general observation conditions, the whole set of these quantities that are important for isotropic crystals, is calculated with the use of statistical physics methods.

scholarly journals Gibbs Grand Thermodynamic Potential in the Theory of Kinetic Crystal Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
J.S. Budjak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermodynamic Potential ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Generalized Equations ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Semiconductor Crystals ◽  
Crystal Properties ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Calculation Algorithms

In this paper, using Gibbs grand thermodynamic potential, kinetic tensors of electrical and thermal conductivity generalized equations known in non-equilibrium thermodynamics have been proven. These tensors determine calculation algorithms of the material tensors of conductor crystals and various galvanomagnetic and thermomagnetic effects coefficients. These algorithms are pragmatic formulas in calculation problems of crystals kinetic properties and in the problems for prediction of semiconductor crystals with preset properties. Their pragmatism is proven by the huge number of scientific papers dedicated to kinetic properties of semiconductor crystals study.

scholarly journals Theoretical Analysis of Experimental Thermoelectric Characteristics of Silicon-Based Whiskers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Budzhak ◽  
А.A. Druzhinin ◽  
S.I. Nichkalo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Induction Vector ◽  
Solid State Electronics ◽  
Spatial Quantization ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Heat Carriers

It is shown that when a conductive crystal with electric field strength  and a temperature gradient  is placed in a magnetic field with an induction vector , processes of charge and heat carriers transport occur, and they can be described by known generalized electrical conduction and heat conduction equations. The tensors and scalar coefficients that make up these equations are the kinetic properties of crystals. They describe the nature of actual properties of crystals and have a wide pragmatic application in modern solid-state electronics. The process of spatial quantization of the spectrum and its influence on the kinetic properties of crystals is also analyzed.

ON A NONLINEAR MAXWELL'S SYSTEM IN QUASI-STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1521-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-MING YIN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Nonlinear Boundary ◽  
Nonlinear Boundary Condition ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
System Generator ◽  
Conductive Medium ◽  
Maxwell’S System ◽  
Displacement Currents ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this paper we study the motion of a magnetic field H in a conductive medium Ω⊂R3under the influence of a system generator. By neglecting displacement currents, the magnetic field satisfies a nonlinear Maxwell's system: Ht+∇×[ρ(x,t)∇×H]=f(|H|)H, where f(|H|)H represents the magnetic currents depending upon the strength of H. We prove that under appropriate initial and boundary conditions, the system has a global solution and the solution is also unique. Moreover, we show that the solution H will blow up in finite time if f(s) satisfies certain growth conditions. Finally, we generalize the results to the problem associated with a nonlinear boundary condition.

scholarly journals The Important Thermal and Kinetic Properties of Crystals and Their Calculations with the Use of the Gibbs Potentials

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Budzhak ◽  
A.O. Druzhinin ◽  
T.K. Waclawski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Free Charge ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Solid State Electronics ◽  
Magnetic Inductance ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this work, the important thermal and kinetic characteristics of crystals are calculated. It was shown that in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, the thermal properties of crystals are additive, and their value for an entire crystal is calculated by summing the values of thermal properties of the crystal lattice and the properties of the gas of free charge carriers in a crystal. These properties are fully characterized by the appropriate Gibbs potentials. In this work it was also shown that when the electric field E and temperature gradient ΔrT are created in a crystal, and this crystal is placed in the magnetic field with the magnetic inductance vector B, then there the electric charge and heat transport processes begin to exist in the crystal. These processes are described by the generalized electric and heat conduction equations. The tensors and the scalar coefficients in these equations – these are the kinetic properties of the crystals. They describe the nature of their actual properties and they have widespread and pragmatic applications in modern solid-state electronics

Observing the galactic magnetic field

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
H. C. van de Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fair Agreement ◽  
Solar Neighbourhood ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Various methods of observing the galactic magnetic field are reviewed, and their results summarized. There is fair agreement about the direction of the magnetic field in the solar neighbourhood:l= 50° to 80°; the strength of the field in the disk is of the order of 10-5gauss.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Related Sigmoidal Brightening

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
K. Sundara Raman ◽  
K. B. Ramesh ◽  
R. Selvendran ◽  
P. S. M. Aleem ◽  
K. M. Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Extended AbstractWe have examined the morphological properties of a sigmoid associated with an SXR (soft X-ray) flare. The sigmoid is cospatial with the EUV (extreme ultra violet) images and in the optical part lies along an S-shaped Hαfilament. The photoheliogram shows flux emergence within an existingδtype sunspot which has caused the rotation of the umbrae giving rise to the sigmoidal brightening.It is now widely accepted that flares derive their energy from the magnetic fields of the active regions and coronal levels are considered to be the flare sites. But still a satisfactory understanding of the flare processes has not been achieved because of the difficulties encountered to predict and estimate the probability of flare eruptions. The convection flows and vortices below the photosphere transport and concentrate magnetic field, which subsequently appear as active regions in the photosphere (Rust & Kumar 1994 and the references therein). Successive emergence of magnetic flux, twist the field, creating flare productive magnetic shear and has been studied by many authors (Sundara Ramanet al.1998 and the references therein). Hence, it is considered that the flare is powered by the energy stored in the twisted magnetic flux tubes (Kurokawa 1996 and the references therein). Rust & Kumar (1996) named the S-shaped bright coronal loops that appear in soft X-rays as ‘Sigmoids’ and concluded that this S-shaped distortion is due to the twist developed in the magnetic field lines. These transient sigmoidal features tell a great deal about unstable coronal magnetic fields, as these regions are more likely to be eruptive (Canfieldet al.1999). As the magnetic fields of the active regions are deep rooted in the Sun, the twist developed in the subphotospheric flux tube penetrates the photosphere and extends in to the corona. Thus, it is essentially favourable for the subphotospheric twist to unwind the twist and transmit it through the photosphere to the corona. Therefore, it becomes essential to make complete observational descriptions of a flare from the magnetic field changes that are taking place in different atmospheric levels of the Sun, to pin down the energy storage and conversion process that trigger the flare phenomena.

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