Applications and Immunological Effects of Quantum Dots on Respiratory System

Quantum dots (QDs), are one kind of nanoscale semiconductor crystals with specific electronic and optical properties, offering near-infrared mission and chemically active surfaces. Increasing interest for QDs exists in developing theranostics platforms for bioapplications such as imaging, drug delivery and therapy. Here we summarized QDs’ biomedical applications, toxicity, and immunological effects on the respiratory system. Bioapplications of QDs in lung include biomedical imaging, drug delivery, bio-sensing or diagnosis and therapy. Generically, toxic effects of nanoparticles are related to the generation of oxidative stresses with subsequent DNA damage and decreased lung cells viability in vitro and in vivo because of release of toxic metal ions or the features of QDs like its surface charge. Lastly, pulmonary immunological effects of QDs mainly include proinflammatory cytokines release and recruiting innate leukocytes or adaptive T cells.

Evaluation of the Ophthalmotoxic Effect of Quantum Dots and Bioconjugates Based on Them in Terms of the Prospects for the Treatment of Resistant Endophthalmitis. Experimental Research (Stage 1)

Endophthalmitis remains one of the most formidable complications of surgery in ophthalmology, leading to significant functional and anatomical changes. The “gold” standard of treatment for this pathology is the installation of intravenous injections of antibacterial drugs, but taking into account the number and type of pathogens, the growth of antibiotic resistance, the search for alternative methods of treatment of endophthalmitis remains relevant. Colloidal quantum dots, which are nanoscale semiconductor crystals with simulated optical and electronic properties due to changes in their volume, composition, and surface connections, are of interest for research in this direction. This article presents the process of synthesis of CT and bioconjugates based on them in order to assess ophthalmotoxicity with the prospect of further use in the treatment of endophthalmitis. The study was divided into 4 stages, starting with the determination of the required technical specification in order to select the appropriate type of quantum dots taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics (Stage 1), the synthesis of quantum dots (Stage 2), the preparation and titration of a solution of quantum dots of various concentrations for implantation in the vitreous cavity (Stage 3). The final stage was to evaluate the toxic effect of the quantum dot solution in its pure form, as well as in combination with antibiotics (ceftazidime and vancomycin) when administered intravitreally on an animal model. As a result of the study, quantum dots were synthesized and a solution based on them was obtained for introduction into the vitreous cavity. Based on the testing of the animal model (rabbits), a safe dose of the solution was determined, as well as the possibility of its use in combination with antibiotics.

Influence of Laser Radiation on Movement of Dislocations in Silicon Single Crystals

The behavior of linear defects in n-and p-type silicon, generated by laser radiation is studied for pulse energy density 417 – 1083 mJ/cm2. The features of the nondestructive and destructive effects of the laser pulse on the surface defects formation of the semiconductor crystals are revealed. The formation and movement of dislocations in the crater region and the development of micro cracks, accompanied by acoustic waves are revealed.

Quantum dots have the potential to be used in gene therapy

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoscale semiconductor crystals shown to be intriguing materials in several domains, including biology. Alexei Ekimov originally discovered QDs in the 1980s. The development and utilization of chemical, physical and biological disciplines and new approaches are expected to be available for clinical usage in the near future (e.g., surface functionalization techniques). These efforts should focus largely on overcoming the long-term toxicity of QDs to produce a pharmaceutical QD product for clinical and industrial applications. Other issues include repeatability in QD manufacturing and setting uniform quality standards to ensure batch-to-batch differences are minimized. Additionally, the techniques of administering produced QDs into the body and their regimens should be fully assessed and assessed to fulfill clinical criteria. It is suggested that recent improvements in our understanding of the body's molecular interactions give an insight into the prospective use of QDs in customized treatment. Non-specific QD binding to cell and tissue molecular compartments (e.g. proteins) remains a challenge and researchers worldwide are recommended to focus more on it. Another major impediment to the widespread use of QDs is the heterogeneity in the structure and content of QDs (whether bare or functional), which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about their potential in therapeutic applications and necessitates additional research to develop dependable techniques. Although the barriers to employing QDs in clinical applications have not been completely solved, emerging advances allow this class of materials to approach its therapeutic potential.