A Novel QTL in Durum Wheat for Resistance to the Wheat Stem Sawfly Associated with Early Expression of Stem Solidness

Stem solidness is an important agronomic trait of durum (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) and bread (Triticum aestivumL.) wheat that provides resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. This dominant trait is conferred by theSSt1locus on chromosome 3B. However, the molecular identity and mechanisms underpinning stem solidness have not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that copy number variation ofTdDof, a gene encoding a putative DNA binding with one finger protein, controls the stem solidness trait in wheat. Using map-based cloning, we localizedTdDofto within a physical interval of 2.1 Mb inside theSSt1locus. Molecular analysis revealed that hollow-stemmed wheat cultivars such as Kronos carry a single copy ofTdDof, whereas solid-stemmed cultivars such as CDC Fortitude carry multiple identical copies of the gene. Deletion of allTdDofcopies from CDC Fortitude resulted in the loss of stem solidness, whereas the transgenic overexpression ofTdDofrestored stem solidness in theTdDofdeletion mutantpithless1and conferred stem solidness in Kronos. In solid-stemmed cultivars, increasedTdDofexpression was correlated with the down-regulation of genes whose orthologs have been implicated in programmed cell death (PCD) in other species. Anatomical and histochemical analyses revealed that hollow-stemmed lines had stronger PCD-associated signals in the pith cells compared to solid-stemmed lines, which suggests copy number-dependent expression ofTdDofcould be directly or indirectly involved in the negative regulation of PCD. These findings provide opportunities to manipulate stem development in wheat and other monocots for agricultural or industrial purposes.

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Plant density and wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) resistance in Syrian wheats

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300041821 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 95-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R.H. Miller ◽

S. El Masri ◽

K. Al Jundi

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Grain Yield ◽

North Africa ◽

Plant Density ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Stand Density ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Stem Solidness ◽

Plant Characteristics

AbstractBread and durum wheat varieties varying in wheat stem sawfly resistance were sown at different densities in northern Syria for two seasons to examine the effect of density on plant characteristics related to infestations of the wheat stem sawflies Cephus pygmeus (Linnaeus) and Trachelus spp. Plants sown at low densities had a longer interval between developmental stages and had higher stem solidity than those sown at high densities. Stem solidness was negatively correlated with the percentage of sawfly-infested stems. Plant height and grain yield were neither strongly nor consistently correlated with wheat stem sawfly infestation but were influenced by variety and density. These results differ from those of previous studies in North America where widely spaced plants suffered higher infestations than did closely spaced plants. Results of our study suggest that stand density should be considered when recommending wheat stem sawfly-resistant wheats to farmers in west Asia and North Africa and when designing screening trials for wheat stem sawfly resistance in the field.

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Association Analysis of Stem Solidness and Wheat Stem Sawfly Resistance in a Panel of North American Spring Wheat Germplasm

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2014.12.0852 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 2046-2055 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. C. Varella ◽

D. K. Weaver ◽

J. D. Sherman ◽

N. K. Blake ◽

H. Y. Heo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Analysis ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

North American ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Wheat Germplasm ◽

Stem Solidness

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Microsatellite markers flanking a stem solidness gene on chromosome 3BL in durum wheat

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-007-9088-8 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Saadollah Houshmand ◽

Ronald E. Knox ◽

Fran R. Clarke ◽

John M. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Stem Solidness

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Estimation of Stem-Solidness and Yield Components in Selected Spring Wheat Genotypes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1640

Author(s):

Mateusz Pluta ◽

Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska ◽

Jerzy Nawracała ◽

Jan Bocianowski ◽

Sylwia Mikołajczyk

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Research Station ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Genotype I ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Stem Solidness ◽

New Varieties

Solid-stemmed wheat genotypes are better protected from damage caused by wheat stem sawfly (Cephus pygmaeus L.) larvae and at lower risk of lodging, as they are additionally strengthened. The aim of the study was to analyse the stem-solidness of fifty spring wheat cultivars with pith. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station Dłoń, Poland in the years 2012–2014. The method recommended by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the methodology described by DePauw and Read were used to analyse the stem-solidness. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the stems of the wheat cultivars differed in their, therefore, they were divided into seven classes. There were nine Polish cultivars, two genotypes from Canada (BW 597 and AC Elsa) and one Portuguese genotype (I 836) with hollow stems. There were only nine solid-stemmed cultivars. Both methodologies were used to assess the filling of the stem in the whole plant upon analysis of its filling at the cross-section of the first internode. Both methods gave the same results. The DePauw and Read methodology showed that the internodes in the lower part of the plants were filled to the greatest extent. The same genotypes collected in the consecutive years of the study differed in the filling of their stems with pith. These differences were influenced by the environmental conditions.

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Correction to: A large-scale multiomics analysis of wheat stem solidness and the wheat stem sawfly feeding response, and syntenic associations in barley, Brachypodium, and rice

Functional & Integrative Genomics ◽

10.1007/s10142-018-0627-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 611-611

Author(s):

Sezgi Biyiklioglu ◽

Burcu Alptekin ◽

B. Ani Akpinar ◽

Andrea C. Varella ◽

Megan L. Hofland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Feeding Response ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Stem Solidness

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LANCER HARD RED SPRING WHEAT

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-056 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 409-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. DE PAUW ◽

T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH ◽

J. M. CLARKE ◽

T. N. McCAIG ◽

D. S. McBEAN

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Research Station ◽

Seed Shattering ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

Stem Solidness ◽

Breeder Seed ◽

High Level

Lancer hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines a high level of stem solidness which confers resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) with improved resistance to common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem.) and seed shattering. It is adapted to the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of Alberta and Saskatchewan and should be a suitable replacement for Canuck. It was licensed on 15 May 1985. Breeder seed of Lancer will be maintained by Agriculture Canada Research Station, Regina, Saskatchewan.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar decription

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SAWFLY RESISTANCE IN WHEAT: II. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WHEAT GROWN IN THE GREENHOUSE AND ON IRRIGATED LAND

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps57-036 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 292-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. W. A. Roberts

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Dry Land ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Cephus Cinctus ◽

Variable Resistance ◽

Lower Resistance ◽

Stem Solidness ◽

Golden Ball

The resistance of seven varieties of wheat to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) was tested in the greenhouse and on irrigated plots. In five of the seven varieties tested, namely, Rescue, H46146, Golden Ball, Red Bobs and Thatcher, the percentage of infested stems that were cut by sawflies was significantly higher in plants grown in the greenhouse in either summer or winter than in plants grown under irrigation in the field. In the other two varieties, H4191 and Melanopus, results were similar but the differences were not significant. This lower resistance of plants grown in the greenhouse was associated with a decrease in the percentage of tunnelled stems in which the older larvae had died. In percentage of infested stems cut, no significant differences were found between the varieties grown in the outdoor soil bins and those on adjacent irrigated land. In other 2-year tests on irrigated land, the variable resistance of wheat was apparently associated with variations in percentage of tunnelled stems in which the older larvae had died. Although stem solidness is usually associated with resistance on dry land, it appears that this characteristic alone cannot be relied on as a measure of sawfly resistance in a given variety when grown in diverse environments.

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AAC Stronghold durum wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2018-0224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 560-567

Author(s):

Y. Ruan ◽

A.K. Singh ◽

R.M. DePauw ◽

R.E. Knox ◽

R.D. Cuthbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Plant Height ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Cephus Cinctus ◽

Production Area ◽

Solid Stem

AAC Stronghold durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. Averaged over 3 yr, AAC Stronghold yielded significantly more grain than AC Navigator. AAC Stronghold had a protein concentration significantly less than Strongfield but significantly more than Brigade. AAC Stronghold had a plant height significantly shorter than Brigade, Strongfield, and AAC Cabri, with a lodging score significantly less than Strongfield and AAC Cabri. AAC Stronghold has a solid stem, which confers resistance to cutting by the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). AAC Stronghold had low grain cadmium concentration and stronger gluten than Strongfield. AAC Stronghold is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum.

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