scholarly journals Transcription Profiles of Age-at-Maturity-Associated Genes Suggest Cell Fate Commitment Regulation as a Key Factor in the Atlantic Salmon Maturation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kurko ◽  
Paul V. Debes ◽  
Andrew H. House ◽  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Tissue Specific

Despite recent taxonomic diversification in studies linking genotype with phenotype, follow-up studies aimed at understanding the molecular processes of such genotype-phenotype associations remain rare. The age at which an individual reaches sexual maturity is an important fitness trait in many wild species. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating maturation timing processes remain obscure. A recent genome-wide association study in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) identified large-effect age-at-maturity-associated chromosomal regions including genes vgll3, akap11 and six6, which have roles in adipogenesis, spermatogenesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, respectively. Here, we determine expression patterns of these genes during salmon development and their potential molecular partners and pathways. Using Nanostring transcription profiling technology, we show development- and tissue-specific mRNA expression patterns for vgll3, akap11 and six6. Correlated expression levels of vgll3 and akap11, which have adjacent chromosomal location, suggests they may have shared regulation. Further, vgll3 correlating with arhgap6 and yap1, and akap11 with lats1 and yap1 suggests that Vgll3 and Akap11 take part in actin cytoskeleton regulation. Tissue-specific expression results indicate that vgll3 and akap11 paralogs have sex-dependent expression patterns in gonads. Moreover, six6 correlating with slc38a6 and rtn1, and Hippo signaling genes suggests that Six6 could have a broader role in the HPG neuroendrocrine and cell fate commitment regulation, respectively. We conclude that Vgll3, Akap11 and Six6 may influence Atlantic salmon maturation timing via affecting adipogenesis and gametogenesis by regulating cell fate commitment and the HPG axis. These results may help to unravel general molecular mechanisms behind maturation.

scholarly journals Transcription profiles of age-at-maturity-associated genes suggest cell fate commitment regulation as a key factor in the Atlantic salmon maturation process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kurko ◽  
Paul V. Debes ◽  
Andrew House ◽  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Tissue Specific

AbstractDespite recent taxonomic diversification in studies linking genotype with phenotype, follow-up studies aimed at understanding the molecular processes of such genotype-phenotype associations remain rare. The age at which an individual reaches sexual maturity is an important fitness trait in many wild species. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating maturation timing processes remain obscure. A recent genome-wide association study in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) identified large-effect age-at-maturity-associated chromosomal regions including genes vgll3, akap11 and six6, which have roles in adipogenesis, spermatogenesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, respectively. Here, we determine expression patterns of these genes during salmon development and their potential molecular partners and pathways. Using Nanostring transcription profiling technology, we show development- and tissue-specific mRNA expression patterns for vgll3, akap11 and six6. Correlated expression levels of vgll3 and akap11, which have adjacent chromosomal location, suggests they may have shared regulation. Further, vgll3 correlating with arhgap6 and yap1, and akap11 with lats1 and yap1 suggests that Vgll3 and Akap11 take part in actin cytoskeleton regulation. Tissue-specific expression results indicate that vgll3 and akap11 paralogs have sex-dependent expression patterns in gonads. Moreover, six6 correlating with slc38a6 and rtn1, and Hippo signaling genes suggests that Six6 could have a broader role in the HPG neuroendrocrine and cell fate commitment regulation, respectively. We conclude that Vgll3, Akap11 and Six6 may influence Atlantic salmon maturation timing via affecting on adipogenesis and gametogenesis by regulating cell fate commitment and the HPG axis. These results may help to unravel general molecular mechanisms behind maturation.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Alpinia oxyphylla reveals Tissue-specific Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingmiao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Alpinia Oxyphylla

Abstract Background: Alpinia oxyphylla is an important edible and medicinal herb, and its dried fruits are widely used in traditional herbal medicine. Flavonoids are one of the main chemical compounds in A. oxyphylla ; however, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis are not well understood. Methods: We performed transcriptome analysis in the fruit, root, and leaf tissues of A. oxyphylla to delineate tissue-specific gene expression and metabolic pathways in this medicinal plant. Results: In all, 8.85, 10.10, 8.68, 6.89, and 8.51 Gb clean data were obtained for early-, middle-, and late-stage fruits, leaves, and roots, respectively. Furthermore, 50,401 unigenes were grouped into functional categories based on four databases, namely Nr (47,745 unigenes), Uniprot (49,685 unigenes), KOG (20,153 unigenes), and KEGG (27,285 unigenes). A total of 3,110 differentially expressed genes and five distinct clusters with similar expression patterns were obtained, in which 27 unigenes encoded 13 key enzymes (such as CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, ANS ) associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusion: The tissue-specific expression of the genes corresponds to accumulation of flavonoids in these tissues.These results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. oxyphylla and application of genetically engineered varieties of A. oxyphylla .

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. reveals tissue-specific expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Kun Pan ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Bo Yi ◽  
Bingmiao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Alpinia Oxyphylla ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Abstract Background Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. is an important edible and medicinal herb, and its dried fruits are widely used in traditional herbal medicine. Flavonoids are one of the main chemical compounds in A. oxyphylla; however, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis are not well understood. We performed transcriptome analysis in the fruit, root, and leaf tissues of A. oxyphylla to delineate tissue-specific gene expression and metabolic pathways in this medicinal plant. Results In all, 8.85, 10.10, 8.68, 6.89, and 8.51 Gb clean data were obtained for early-, middle-, and late-stage fruits, leaves, and roots, respectively. Furthermore, 50,401 unigenes were grouped into functional categories based on four databases, namely Nr (47,745 unigenes), Uniprot (49,685 unigenes), KOG (20,153 unigenes), and KEGG (27,285 unigenes). A total of 3110 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and five distinct clusters with similar expression patterns were obtained, in which 27 unigenes encoded 13 key enzymes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. In particular, 9 DEGs were significantly up-regulated in fruits, whereas expression of 11 DEGs were highly up-regulated in roots, compared with those in leaves. Conclusion The DEGs and metabolic pathway related to flavonoids biosynthesis were identified in root, leaf, and different stages of fruits from A. oxyphylla. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. oxyphylla and application of genetically engineered varieties of A. oxyphylla.

Tissue-specific expression patterns of nuclear receptors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Bookout ◽  
Y Jeong ◽  
M Downes ◽  
RT Yu ◽  
RM Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression

Stable transfer and restricted expression of a cloned class I gene encoding a secreted transplantation-like antigen

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1300
Author(s):  
Y Barra ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
K J Isselbacher ◽  
G Khoury ◽  
G Jay
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Class I ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Transcriptional Enhancer ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
I Gene

The identification of a unique major histocompatibility complex class I gene, designated Q10, which encodes a secreted rather than a cell surface antigen has led to questions regarding its potential role in regulating immunological functions. Since the Q10 gene is specifically activated only in the liver, we sought to define the molecular mechanisms which control its expression in a tissue-specific fashion. Results obtained by transfection of the cloned Q10 gene, either in the absence or presence of a heterologous transcriptional enhancer, into a variety of cell types of different tissue derivations are consistent with the Q10 gene being regulated at two levels. The first is by a cis-dependent mechanism which appears to involve site-specific DNA methylation. The second is by a trans-acting mechanism which would include the possibility of an enhancer binding factor. The ability to efficiently express the Q10 gene in certain transfected cell lines offers an opportunity to obtain this secreted class I antigen in quantities sufficient for functional studies; this should also make it possible to define regulatory sequences which may be responsible for the tissue-specific expression of Q10.

scholarly journals Tissue Distribution of ACE2 Protein in Syrian Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Its Possible Implications in SARS-CoV-2 Related Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voddu Suresh ◽  
Deepti Parida ◽  
Aliva P. Minz ◽  
Manisha Sethi ◽  
Bhabani S. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamster ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

The Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has recently been demonstrated as a clinically relevant animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, lack of knowledge about the tissue-specific expression pattern of various proteins in these animals and the unavailability of reagents like antibodies against this species hampers these models’ optimal use. The major objective of our current study was to analyze the tissue-specific expression pattern of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a proven functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in different organs of the hamster. Using two different antibodies (MA5-32307 and AF933), we have conducted immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis to evaluate the ACE2 expression in different tissues of the hamster. Further, at the mRNA level, the expression of Ace2 in tissues was evaluated through RT-qPCR analysis. Both the antibodies detected expression of ACE2 in kidney, small intestine, tongue, and liver. Epithelium of proximal tubules of kidney and surface epithelium of ileum expresses a very high amount of this protein. Surprisingly, analysis of stained tissue sections showed no detectable expression of ACE2 in the lung or tracheal epithelial cells. Similarly, all parts of the large intestine were negative for ACE2 expression. Analysis of tissues from different age groups and sex didn’t show any obvious difference in ACE2 expression pattern or level. Together, our findings corroborate some of the earlier reports related to ACE2 expression patterns in human tissues and contradict others. We believe that this study’s findings have provided evidence that demands further investigation to understand the predominant respiratory pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease.

scholarly journals Development of cDNA normalization system and preliminary transcription analysis of KCS genes in apple tissues

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Albert ◽  
Cs. Deák ◽  
A. Miskó ◽  
M. Tóth ◽  
I. Papp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Tissue Specific

Wax production is an important aspect of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit development from both theoretical and practical point of views. The complex molecular mechanism that controls wax biosynthesis is still widely unknown but many studies focused on this topic. We aimed to develop further the experimental framework of these efforts with a description of an improved reference genes expression system. Results in the literature show that similarities exist among the expression of some housekeeping genes of different plant species. Based on these considerations and on gene expression data from Arabidopsis thaliana, some genes in apple were assigned for analysis. EST sequences of apple were used to design specific primers for RT-PCR experiments. Isolation of intact RNA from different apple tissues and performing RT-PCR reaction were also key point in obtaining expression patterns. To monitor DNA contamination of the RNA samples, specific primers were used that amplify intron-containing sequences from the cDNA. We found that actin primers can be used for the detection of intron containing genomic DNA, and tubulin primers are good internal controls in RT-PCR experiments. We were able to make a difference between tissue-specific and tissue-independent gene-expression, furthermore we found tissue specific differences between the expression patterns of candidate genes, that are potentially involved in wax-biosynthesis. Our results show that KCS1 and KCS4 are overexpressed in the skin tissue, this could mean that these genes have skin-specific expression in apple fruit.

scholarly journals Antennal transcriptome analyses and olfactory protein identification in an important wood-boring moth pest, Streltzoviella insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Yang ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Shixiang Zong
Keyword(s):  
Protein Identification ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractOlfaction plays key roles in insect survival and reproduction, such as feeding, courtship, mating, and oviposition. The olfactory-based control strategies have been developed an important means for pest management. Streltzoviella insularis is a destructive insect pest of many street tree species, and characterization of its olfactory proteins could provide targets for the disruption of their odour recognition processes and for urban forestry protection. In this study, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of S. insularis by next-generation sequencing and annotated the main olfactory multi-gene families, including 28 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 56 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 ionotropic receptors (IRs), two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and 101 odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the characteristics of these proteins. We further detected tissue- and sex-specific expression patterns of OBPs, CSPs and SNMPs by quantitative real time-PCR. Most OBPs were highly and differentially expressed in the antennae of both sexes. SinsCSP10 was expressed more highly in male antennae than in other tissues. Two SNMPs were highly expressed in the antennae, with no significant difference in expression between the sexes. Our results lay a solid foundation for understanding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying S. insularis odour recognition.

scholarly journals Stable transfer and restricted expression of a cloned class I gene encoding a secreted transplantation-like antigen.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Barra ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
K J Isselbacher ◽  
G Khoury ◽  
G Jay
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Class I ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Transcriptional Enhancer ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
I Gene

The identification of a unique major histocompatibility complex class I gene, designated Q10, which encodes a secreted rather than a cell surface antigen has led to questions regarding its potential role in regulating immunological functions. Since the Q10 gene is specifically activated only in the liver, we sought to define the molecular mechanisms which control its expression in a tissue-specific fashion. Results obtained by transfection of the cloned Q10 gene, either in the absence or presence of a heterologous transcriptional enhancer, into a variety of cell types of different tissue derivations are consistent with the Q10 gene being regulated at two levels. The first is by a cis-dependent mechanism which appears to involve site-specific DNA methylation. The second is by a trans-acting mechanism which would include the possibility of an enhancer binding factor. The ability to efficiently express the Q10 gene in certain transfected cell lines offers an opportunity to obtain this secreted class I antigen in quantities sufficient for functional studies; this should also make it possible to define regulatory sequences which may be responsible for the tissue-specific expression of Q10.

Differential expression of Notch component and effector genes during ovarian follicle and corpus luteum development during the oestrous cycle

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Murta ◽  
M. Batista ◽  
E. Silva ◽  
A. Trindade ◽  
L. Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Effector Genes

Ovarian dynamics throughout the female oestrous cycle (EC) are characterised by cyclical follicle and corpus luteum (CL) development. These events are tightly regulated, involving extensive cell-to-cell communication. Notch is an evolutionarily well conserved cell-signalling pathway implicated in cell-fate decisions in several tissues. Here, we evaluated the extra-vascular expression patterns of Notch component and effector genes during follicle and CL development throughout the EC. Five mature CD1 female mice were killed at each EC stage. Blood samples were collected for progesterone measurement, ovaries were processed for immunohistochemistry and expression patterns of Notch components (Notch1, 2 and 3, Jagged1 and Delta-like1 and 4) and effectors (Hes1, Hes2 and Hes5) were characterised. Nuclear detection of Notch effectors indicates that Notch signalling is active in the ovary. Notch components and effectors are differentially expressed during follicle and CL development throughout the EC. The spatial and temporal specific expression patterns are associated with follicle growth, selection and ovulation or atresia and CL development and regression.

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