scholarly journals Defense economics: Achievements and challenges

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Defense Economics ◽  
International Peacekeeping

Defense economics is now an established part of economics. This article reviews its achievements as represented by papers published in the research journal Defense and Peace Economics. The range of topics in the journal is reviewed, especially since 2000, and major gaps in coverage are identified. A changing research agenda reflects new developments such as terrorism and international peacekeeping. Gaps remain such as the need for good quality case studies of conflict (e.g., Iraq) and of major weapons projects (e.g., F-22 Raptor). Some challenges are outlined, namely, the choices resulting from the defense economics problem, the U.K.'s nuclear weapons policy, project case studies (e.g., Eurofighter Typhoon), military outsourcing, and data problems.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC EXPENSES: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARISSA MARCHIORI PACHECO ◽  
MARINA KOLLAND DANTAS ◽  
CLÁUDIA SOUZA PASSADOR ◽  
LARA BARTOCCI LIBONI-AMUI
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Future Research Agenda

Abstract Several studies analysed the environmental public expenditures, its allocation and role as an instrument for public action. However, there is still a gap in the literature, since there are no works that integrate and systematize the existing knowledge. Therefore, we conducted an integrative literature review, and selected thirty articles for synthesis, classification and coding based on a system proposed by the authors. We identified that researches on this field are still recent and publications are concentrated in Europe and Latin America. Regarding the research methods, the qualitative approach based on case studies was used to develop the majority of the studies. Also, the studies in general combined different spheres of analysis, discussing topics on performance and description of expenses. The results showed that there is a need for studies that promote themes such as transparency, accounting organization and the creation of indicators, enabling deeper analysis. An agenda with eight research suggestions was proposed based on observed theoretical limitations.

Reflections on Research in Kinesiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karl M. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Initial Research

This paper provides reflections on the progress to date and current status of research in kinesiology. The accompanying overview articles in this special issue of Kinesiology Review show that the contemporary disciplinary/professional foci of kinesiology remain, by and large, the same as the initial research and teaching structures of 50 years ago, as outlined in the inaugural overviews. Nevertheless, within this prevailing disciplinary/professional structure, there have been many new developments in movement-related research, including the juxtaposition of novel alignments and integrations of certain specializations of kinesiology. There is general consensus that the quality and quantity of research in kinesiology have advanced substantially, albeit unevenly, on multiple fronts, both within and between the areas of specialization. The research agenda in kinesiology has benefitted from the growing realization of the centrality of human movement and physical activity in contributing to a healthy lifestyle for individuals and societies.

On the Development of VR and AR Learning Contents for Children on the Autism Spectrum

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Herrera ◽  
Lucia Vera ◽  
Javier Sevilla ◽  
Cristina Portalés ◽  
Sergio Casas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Important Case ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Group A ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Educational Contents

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term used to group a range of brain development disorders. The learning profile of most people with ASD is mainly visual, and VR and AR technologies offer important advantages to provide a visually based mean for gaining access to educational contents. The prices of VR and AR glasses and helmets have fallen. Also, a number of tools that facilitate the development and publication of AR and VR contents have recently appeared. Therefore, a scenario of opportunity for new developments has appeared in this field. This chapter offers guidelines for developing AR and VR learning contents for people on the autism spectrum and analyses those guidelines from the perspective of two important case studies developed in previous years.

Engineering AI Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bosch ◽  
Helena Holmström Olsson ◽  
Ivica Crnkovic
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Quality Design

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly broadly adopted in industry. However, based on well over a dozen case studies, we have learned that deploying industry-strength, production quality ML models in systems proves to be challenging. Companies experience challenges related to data quality, design methods and processes, performance of models as well as deployment and compliance. We learned that a new, structured engineering approach is required to construct and evolve systems that contain ML/DL components. In this chapter, the authors provide a conceptualization of the typical evolution patterns that companies experience when employing ML as well as an overview of the key problems experienced by the companies that they have studied. The main contribution of the chapter is a research agenda for AI engineering that provides an overview of the key engineering challenges surrounding ML solutions and an overview of open items that need to be addressed by the research community at large.

scholarly journals Commission 14: Atomic and Molecular Data: (Donnees Atomiques et Moleculaires)

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-420
Author(s):  
F. Rostas ◽  
P. L. Smith ◽  
K. A. Berrington ◽  
N. Feautrier ◽  
N. Grevesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Research Community ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character

In recognition of its special interdisciplinary character, IAU Commission 14 is linked directly to the Executive Committee. The Commission’s role is to inform the astronomical community of new developments in the diverse fields of research which involve atoms and molecules. Conversely it endeavors to sensitize the research community active in those fields to the specific needs of astronomy, especially concerning basic data and modeling tools. More generally, Commission 14 tries to foster long term relations and collaborations between the two communities and, when necessary, to alert funding authorities to the specific needs of ground and space based astronomy for specific atomic and molecular data. This report is one of the main contributions of Commission 14 to the information of the astronomical community. Several meetings concerned, at least in part, with the need and availability of atomic and molecular data for astrophysics were also sponsored or co-sponsored. In the last triennium, Commission 14 cosponsored IAU Symposium 194 “Astrochemistry: From Molecular Cloud to Planetary Systems” held in Sogwipo (Korea) from Aug. 23 to 27, 1999 and organized by Commission 34. A Joint Discussion: JD1 on “Atomic and Molecular Data for Astrophysics, New Developments, Case Studies and Future Needs” has been planned for the XXIVth IAU General Assembly in Manchester (Aug. 7-19, 2000) and cosponsored by Commissions 15, 16, 29, 34, 36, 40 and 44. Several other Joint Discussions to be held at the Manchester General Assembly are co-sponsored by this commission.

Delaying Doomsday

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal N. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Transition ◽  
Military Force ◽  
National Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Cross National

Why are states willing to give up their nuclear weapons programs? This book presents a new theory for how external inducements supplied by the United States can convince even the most committed of proliferators to abandon weapons pursuit. Existing theories focus either on carrots or sticks. I explore how using both positive and negative inducements, in the shadow of military force, can persuade both friends and foes not to continue their nuclear weapons pursuit. I draw on worldwide cross-national data on nuclear reversal, case studies of Iran and North Korea, among other countries, and interviews with diplomats, policy-makers, and analysts. I show that the majority of proliferators have been persuaded to reverse their nuclear weapons programs when offered incentives from the United States. Moreover, I demonstrate that these tools are especially effective during periods of leadership transition and can work on both allies and adversaries. My theory and evidence also suggest a broader conception of counterproliferation than currently exists, identifying how carrots and sticks used together can accomplish one of the international community’s most important policy objectives.

Problems of Proliferation: U.S. Policy and the Third World

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Goheen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Third World ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The U.S

The issue of nuclear proliferation is replete with problems to which there are no surefire solutions. In this essay, this troublesome terrain is examined in three different but complementary ways: first, through case studies of the nuclear dealings of the U.S. with India and Pakistan; second, in a broad review of incentives toward and dampers on the spread of nuclear weapons; and third, in terms of implications for national policy.

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