scholarly journals Political consensus and economic reforms in Tunisia

2021 â—½  
Vol 16 (2) â—½  
Author(s):  
Nizar Jouini
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister â—½  
Economic Reforms â—½  
Political Crisis â—½  
The Political â—½  
Policy Agenda â—½  
Political Consensus

This article explores the role of political consensus in Tunisia in slowing reforms, following the political crisis that followed President Kais Saied’s decision to dismiss the Prime Minister and suspend parliament. It argues that the political consensus created by the 2016 Carthage agreement led to a slowing of economic reforms and triggered a political crisis. The article then considers the necessary preconditions for policymakers to make future political consensus an opportunity to endorse economic reforms that enforce accountability and advance a policy agenda that goes beyond the interests of the ruling coalition.

Ethiopia faces rocky path to landmark elections

2019 â—½  
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister â—½  
Economic Reforms â—½  
Political Crisis â—½  
The Political â—½  
Local Identity â—½  
Content Type â—½  
Chief Of Staff â—½  
Reform Project â—½  
Job Growth â—½  
Slow Progress

Subject Political outlook ahead of 2020 elections. Significance The June 22 assassinations of Amhara region’s president and the nation’s military chief of staff sent shockwaves through Ethiopia. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's reform drive since 2018 has taken some significant steps towards liberalisation but has also provided opportunities for populist politicians to mobilise on the basis of polarising narratives. The June attacks brought these threats into stark relief and raises difficult questions about the next phase of the reform project, particularly elections scheduled for May 2020. Impacts The political crisis will interfere with proposed economic reforms, notably partial privatisation of key state-owned enterprises. Preoccupation with domestic crises may limit Abiy’s attention to regional peace efforts, in which he has until now had a central role. Increasing political mobilisation along pan-Ethiopian versus local identity lines threatens to undermine centrist, moderate politics. Frustrations will grow over what many see as slow progress, particularly in terms of job growth.

West may help resolve Macedonia's political impasse

2016 â—½  
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power â—½  
Democratic Party â—½  
Prime Minister â—½  
Political Crisis â—½  
The Political â—½  
National Unity â—½  
Content Type â—½  
Social Democratic â—½  
Eu Countries

Significance Opposition Social Democratic Alliance (SDSM) supporters are angry with the president's unexpected pardon for all those being investigated for involvement in Macedonia's wiretapping scandal, which disproportionately benefits officials of the ruling Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE). The pardon coincided with the VMRO-DPMNE speaker of parliament fixing early elections for June 5 and the VMRO-DPMNE caretaker prime minister, Emil Dimitriev, annulling key decisions (including personnel appointments) of the SDSM's interior and labour ministers. Parliament had been dissolved in April over SDSM objections, which retaliated by boycotting the elections. Impacts All influential players at home and abroad have a vested interest in a workable compromise despite Macedonian brinkmanship and rhetoric. Deep political divisions within the ethnic majority will increase the role of minority Albanian politicians. This will improve minority bargaining power both domestically and internationally. VMRO-DPMNE and SDSM agree on the migrant issue and have the support of interested EU countries. Macedonia's borders will, therefore, be vigorously protected despite the political crisis.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 â—½  
Vol 58 (2) â—½  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century â—½  
Political Crisis â—½  
The Political â—½  
Modern Poetry â—½  
Progressive Politics â—½  
The World â—½  
Relationship Of â—½  
The Relationship â—½  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

The Foreign Policy Mechanism of the Union Of South Africa and the Development of its Diplomatic Relations (1910–1948)

2020 â—½  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Alexandra Arkhangelskaya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa â—½  
Foreign Policy â—½  
British Empire â—½  
Prime Minister â—½  
The Political â—½  
Diplomatic Relations â—½  
Economic Evolution â—½  
Local Elite â—½  
History Of

The history of the formation of South Africa as a single state is closely intertwined with events of international scale, which have accordingly influenced the definition and development of the main characteristics of the foreign policy of the emerging state. The Anglo-Boer wars and a number of other political and economic events led to the creation of the Union of South Africa under the protectorate of the British Empire in 1910. The political and economic evolution of the Union of South Africa has some specific features arising from specific historical conditions. The colonization of South Africa took place primarily due to the relocation of Dutch and English people who were mainly engaged in business activities (trade, mining, agriculture, etc.). Connected by many economic and financial threads with the elite of the countries from which the settlers left, the local elite began to develop production in the region at an accelerated pace. South Africa’s favorable climate and natural resources have made it a hub for foreign and local capital throughout the African continent. The geostrategic position is of particular importance for foreign policy in South Africa, which in many ways predetermined a great interest and was one of the fundamental factors of international involvement in the development of the region. The role of Jan Smuts, who served as Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 to 1924 and from 1939 to 1948, was particularly prominent in the implementation of the foreign and domestic policy of the Union of South Africa in the focus period of this study. The main purpose of this article is to study the process of forming the mechanisms of the foreign policy of the Union of South Africa and the development of its diplomatic network in the period from 1910 to 1948.

8. The Political Economy of Democracy

Democratization â—½  
2018 â—½  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Patrick Bernhagen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy â—½  
Property Rights â—½  
Economic Reforms â—½  
Transition To Democracy â—½  
The Political â—½  
Historical Overview â—½  
Personal Rights â—½  
Key Points â—½  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between democratization and the economy. It first provides an historical overview of the emergence of capitalist democracy before discussing some general problems of the relationship between democracy and capitalism, highlighting the main areas in which the two systems condition each other. It then considers the role of business in democratizing countries, and more specifically the role of business actors in the transition to democracy. It also explores the intricacies of combining major political and economic reforms. Some key points are emphasized; for example, capitalism focuses on property rights while democracy focuses on personal rights. Furthermore, capitalism produces inequality, which can both stimulate and hamper democratization.

scholarly journals Political Opportunities and China’s Proposing Behavior in the G20

2019 â—½  
Vol 01 (01) â—½  
pp. 1850002
Author(s):  
Hongsong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation â—½  
The Political â—½  
Economic Governance â—½  
Collective Actions â—½  
Political Opportunity â—½  
Policy Initiatives â—½  
Political Opportunities â—½  
Political Consensus â—½  
Global Economic Governance

In global economic governance, political consensus reached by the G20 members plays an important role of defining governance ideas and governance directions as well as steering and boosting collective actions. Political opportunities are essential for the G20 members’ successful efforts to place their preferences into the political consensus of G20. This paper analyzes how the G20 members place their preferences into the political consensus of G20 through the lens of political opportunity, and provides a relatively detailed demonstration on China’s practice of proposing policy initiatives and placing its preferences into the political consensus of G20 by examining the cases of International Monetary Fund (IMF) quota reform and international financial regulation reform.

Power and the poisoned chalice: A provocation

Leadership â—½  
2020 â—½  
Vol 16 (1) â—½  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Keith Grint
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister â—½  
General Election â—½  
Political Crisis â—½  
The Political â—½  
Social Democrats â—½  
Leaders And Followers

Power, however defined, is something we usually consider as indelibly linked to leadership, as something all leaders and followers seek to obtain, retain, and deploy for good or ill, for themselves or others. But there are occasions when power might be something to avoid, especially when it comes tainted with deleterious consequences, rather like the Christian fable of the poisoned chalice. In this brief provocation, I provide examples where this is self-evident but often only in retrospect. Thus, the infamous ‘stab-in-the-back’ saw the German Social Democrats take power, just before the armistice was signed in 1918. At the time of writing (October 2019), the British are on the verge of a General Election and whoever wins, whoever becomes Prime Minister, will also be held responsible for the fallout from BREXIT – irrespective of their role in generating the political crisis; sometimes, it might be better not to seek power.

The Conservative Party and the Formation of the National Government: August 1931

1986 â—½  
Vol 29 (1) â—½  
pp. 159-182 â—½  
Author(s):  
Stuart Ball
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister â—½  
Conservative Party â—½  
National Government â—½  
General Election â—½  
British History â—½  
Political Crisis â—½  
Liberal Party â—½  
Labour Government â—½  
Intrinsic Interest

On 24 August 1931 the prime minister, Ramsay MacDonald, tendered the resignation of the second Labour government. In its place he became the premier of an all-party ‘National’ cabinet. This included both the leader of the Conservative party, Stanley Baldwin, and the acting-leader of the Liberal party, Sir Herbert Samuel, together with a number of their senior colleagues. This temporary emergency administration went on to win a landslide majority in the general election of October 1931, and to govern for the ensuing decade. The crisis which created the National government has proved to be of enduring fascination, as a result of its intrinsic interest as the major political crisis of the inter-war period and its profound consequences for subsequent British history. However, historical attention has been principally focused upon the problems of the Labour government, the decisions of Ramsay MacDonald, and the contribution of King George V. As a result the role of the Conservative party – often portrayed as having been the sole benefactor from these events – has been either neglected for its supposed passivity or misunderstood in its mood and intention.

Thatcherism: An Historical Perspective

10.2307/3679391 â—½  
1999 â—½  
Vol 9 â—½  
pp. 17-42 â—½  
Author(s):  
E. H. H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology â—½  
Historical Perspective â—½  
Prime Minister â—½  
Conservative Party â—½  
The Political â—½  
British Politics â—½  
Policy Agenda â—½  
Margaret Thatcher â—½  
Starting Point â—½  
Election Manifesto

Margaret Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative party in November 1990, but both she and the political ideology to which her name has been appended continue to fascinate pundits and scholars. Indeed, since Thatcher's resignation in November 1990, curiosity about her political legacy has, if anything, increased, fuelled in part by the memoirs produced by the ex-premier herself and a large number of her one-time Cabinet colleagues. Since the early 1980s the bulk of work that has appeared on Thatcherism has been dominated either by what one might describe as the ‘higher journalism’ or by political science scholarship, both of which have been most exercised by the questions of what Thatcherism was and where it took British politics and society. In this essay I want to look at Thatcherism from an historical perspective and thus ask a different question, namely where did Thatcherism, and in particular the political economy of Thatcherism, come from?Given that Margaret Thatcher became leader of the Conservative party in 1975 this might seem a logical starting-point from which to track Thatcherism's origins. Some have argued, however, that Thatcher's election in itself was of little importance, in that the Conservative party's leadership contest in 1975 was a competition not to be Edward Heath, and that Thatcher won because she was more obviously not Edward Heath than anyone else. This emphasis on the personal aspects of the leadership issue necessarily plays down any ideological significance of Thatcher's victory, a point often reinforced by reference to the fact that key elements of the policy agenda that came to be associated with Thatcherism, notably privatisation, were by no means clearly articulated in the late 1970s and did not appear in the Conservative Election Manifesto of 1979.

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