scholarly journals Change in snow flood flow in the southern macro-slope of the Russian Plain in the period 1930-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506
Author(s):  
N. I. Koronkevich ◽  
A. G. Georgiadi ◽  
S. V. Dolgov ◽  
E. A. Barabanova ◽  
E. A. Kashutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Large Rivers ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Flood Flow

In recent decades, in the southern macro-slope (catchment) of Te Russian Plain, mainly within the basins of the Volga and the Don rivers, the spring flood flow decreased due to both anthropogenic and climatic factors. Of anthropogenic factors, the creation of reservoirs played a signifcant role in changing the water regime of the Volga and the Don. Another important factor, affecting the river runoff, is agricultural activities on flat interfluves and slopes. Compared with the conventional-natural period (for the Volga from 1879, and for the Don from 1876 to 1929) to the date (for the period 1930–2014), the flood flow of the Volga has been decreased by more than 4300 km3, and the Don – by almost 900 km3. Te contribution of anthropogenic factors to this decrease in the Volga basin exceeded 70%, and for the Don it was equal to 45%, while the climatic ones contributed 30 and 55%, respectively. During the period of instrumental observations on the rivers of the region, long-lasting phases of high/low water content with duration from 15–20 to 90 years or longer, caused by the climatic changes, were determined. Tese are a characteristic feature of long-term changes in flood flow (and in a runoff of other seasons) on both medium and large rivers of the southern macro-slope of the Russian Plain. Te period since early 2000s was a start of the decreased flood flow everywhere, i.e. on medium and large rivers. It is most clearly (by tens of percent) manifested in the decrease of the spring surface flow due to the following factors: more frequent thaws, reduction of the depth of soil freezing, increase of infltration, especially in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Increase in flow of the infltration origin does only partially compensate the decrease of the flow in rivers.

The analysis of mesophytic broad-leaved forest associations in the center of European Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
T. Yu. Braslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Direct Ordination ◽  
Leaved Forest

The comparative analysis of floristic composition of the Russian Plain center broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 was carried out by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and direct ordination along ecological factor scales. The three associations representing the proper zonal units of the area, namely Querco-Tilietum cordatae Laivinš 1983 in the hemiboreal forest zone, Aceri campestris—Tilietum cordatae ass. nov. hoc loco in the broad-leaved forest zone, and Aceri campestris—Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 1991 in the forest-steppe zone are characterized. Although all the forest stands described are small geographically isolated fragments, their floristic composition demonstrates the existence of syntaxonomic continuum and seems to be influenced by landscape features and anthropogenic disturbance just as strong as by zonal climatic factors. As a result of the undertaken analysis, the syntaxonomical revision of the Central-Russian broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 is proposed.

scholarly journals On the contribution of climatic and anthropogenic factors to changes in the flow of large rivers of the Russian plain and Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
A. G. Georgiadi ◽  
N. I. Koronkevich ◽  
E. A. Barabanova ◽  
E. A. Kashutina ◽  
I. P. Milyukova
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Seasonal Flow ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
The Impact

Changes of annual and seasonal flow of Volga, Don, Yenisei and Lena are estimated by two methods. One of them is to restore the natural flow of recent decades, during which there were observed its significant anthropogenic changes. For these purposes, we used data on the runoff of rivers (tributaries of the considered rivers and their upper parts), the water regime of which is relatively weakly changed by the anthropogenic impact. Another uses the data of water management statistics. Subsequently, the data on the naturalized river flow were compared with the anthropogenic-modified runoff for this and for the previous base period, when anthropogenic impact can be neglected. It is shown that climatic and anthropogenic factors perform either unidirectionally, increasing or decreasing the flow, or in opposite directions. Moreover, the impact of anthropogenic factors, mainly of reservoirs and water consumption, is of the same scale as the influence of climatic factors, while in many cases exceeds it.

scholarly journals Contemporary gully erosion trend in the northern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Plain: a case study from the Republic of Tatarstan, European Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidar Sharifullin ◽  
Artur Gafurov ◽  
Regina Medvedeva ◽  
Valentin Golosov ◽  
Aleksandr Dvinskih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This article presents results for gully head cut retreat rates (GHRR) in the Pre-Kama region (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia) based on monitoring (1984–1994 and 2015–2018) and the interpretation of high-resolution satellite images (2004–2014). The results suggested that the mean linear GHRR have reduced by about five times, from 1.6 m per year (1983–1994) to 0.4 m per year (2015–2018). The main reason for the significant decrease in gully erosion was the increase in winter-spring air temperatures, which resulted in a reduction in the depth of soil freezing and surface runoff. The impact of land use, as well as erosion control measures, which were implemented in the study area during the late 1980s and early 1990s, was found to be less important.

Contribution of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors to Changes in the Flow of Large Rivers of the Russian Plain and Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (2) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
A. G. Georgiadi ◽  
N. I. Koronkevich ◽  
E. A. Barabanova ◽  
E. A. Kashutina ◽  
I. P. Milyukova
Keyword(s):  
Large Rivers ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors

The analysis of mesophytic broad-leaved forest associations in the center of European Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
T. Yu. Braslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Direct Ordination ◽  
Leaved Forest

The comparative analysis of floristic composition of the Russian Plain center broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 was carried out by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and direct ordination along ecological factor scales. The three associations representing the proper zonal units of the area, namely Querco-Tilietum cordatae Laivinš 1983 in the hemiboreal forest zone, Aceri campestris—Tilietum cordatae ass. nov. hoc loco in the broad-leaved forest zone, and Aceri campestris—Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 1991 in the forest-steppe zone are characterized. Although all the forest stands described are small geographically isolated fragments, their floristic composition demonstrates the existence of syntaxonomic continuum and seems to be influenced by landscape features and anthropogenic disturbance just as strong as by zonal climatic factors. As a result of the undertaken analysis, the syntaxonomical revision of the Central-Russian broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 is proposed.

The Peopling of the Baraba Forest-Steppe in the Neolithic: Cranial Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
T. A. Chikisheva ◽  
D. V. Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Population Continuity ◽  
Lake Systems

On the basis of statistical analysis of craniometric data relating to Mesolithic and Neolithic samples from northern Eurasia, we discuss the peopling of the Baraba forest-steppe in the Early Holocene. This region is represented by samples from Sopka-2/1 (early sixth millennium BC), Protoka (late fifth to early fourth millennia BC), Korchugan (early-mid sixth millennium BC), and Vengerovo-2A (late sixth millennium BC). The results of the principal component analysis are interpreted in the context of debates over the role of autochthonous traditions in the Neolithic. During the Preboreal period (10 ka BP), large parts of the Baraba forest-steppe were flooded by the transgression of lake systems during climatic warming. This may have caused depopulation, lasting for at least a millennium. The Early Holocene people of Baraba were an offshoot of Meso-Neolithic populations of the northwestern Russian Plain. On that basis, the Early Neolithic populations of Baraba were formed. Direct population continuity is traceable only through the Chalcolithic. Since the late sixth millennium BC, however, the local population had incorporated migrants from the Pit-Comb Ware area in the central Russian Plain and, indirectly (via the Neolithic Altai), from the Cis-Baikal area.

scholarly journals Agroecological Determinants of Potato Spatiotemporal Yield Variation at the Landscape Level in the Central and Northern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Zymaroieva ◽  
Tetiana Fedoniuk ◽  
Svitlana Matkovska ◽  
Olena Andreieva ◽  
Victor Pazych
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
The Relationship

Global food security largely depends on the crop yield increase, so the study of the yield-limiting factors of potato (the second bread) is a pressing issue today. This study determines the contribution of the agroecological factors, namely, bioclimatic variables, soil indicators, and factors of landscape diversity, to the variation in potato yields. Conducted in Polissya and Forest-steppe zones of Ukraine during 1991–2017, this study has not only addressed the relationship between ecological determinants and potato yields, but also considered crop yields as a dynamic system. The dynamics of potato yields from the mid-1990s to the present is described by a log-logistic model. There are statistically significant regression dependencies between potato yield parameters and agroecological factors. Potato yield is dependent on the diversity of landscape cover. The relationship between yield parameters and landscape-ecological diversity is non-linear, which determines the presence of optimal landscape structure for the highest potato yields. Among climatic factors, the continental climate is of the greatest importance for potato yield. The high sensitivity of potato yield parameters to soil indices was found, and mostly the soil texture components (silt content), which largely determines the potato yield spatial variation.

scholarly journals Effect of climatic factors on forest succession in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irek Singatullin ◽  
Zulfiya Khakimova ◽  
Vasily Chernov ◽  
Rustam Davletshin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Forested Area ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation

The paper analyzes the effect of climatic factors on forest succession in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. A reliable relationship was revealed between a decrease of the oak forested area and extremely low frosts in 1939–1940, 1941–1942 and 1978–1979, and a decrease in the area of birch after the 2010 drought. Birch and oak are replaced by maple, linden and aspen. Insignificant amount of young trees and the predominance of ripe and overripe plantations of oak and birch will lead to the continuation of forest succession in the forest-steppe zone. Impossibility of reverse succession at this stage by natural rehabilitation is associated with the biological characteristics of these species. Oak and birch forest rehabilitation is only possible with measures to promote natural or artificial regeneration with due regard to the biological characteristics of tree species.

scholarly journals Dendrochronological Reconstruction of June Drought (PDSI) from 1731–2016 for the Western Mongolian Plateau

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Liang Shi ◽  
Guangxin Li ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Jeffery P. Dech ◽  
Mei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Western Mongolia ◽  
Total Reconstruction

Droughts are a recurrent phenomenon in the semiarid forest-steppe ecotone of Mongolia with negative consequences for tree growth and agricultural management. In order to better cope with the uncertainty of a changing climate, the study of historical drought and its effects on forests could provide useful insights into ecosystem responses to climate variability. Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) is a dominant tree species in Western Mongolia that provides a valuable source of proxy data in the form of annual rings. We used dendrochronological techniques to establish a standard master chronology and analyze the relationship between annual ring widths and climatic factors. Correlation analyses revealed that the strongest associations of tree-ring index (TRI) values for the master chronology to direct climate variables were June temperature (r = −0.36, p < 0.01) and precipitation (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). The master chronology was strongly correlated to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for June (r = 0.606, p < 0.001), and this variable (PDSIJun) was chosen for reconstruction. A simple linear regression of PDSIJun based on TRI explained 35.4% of the total variance for the period 1965–2016 and based on this model the PDSIJun changes from 1731–2016 were reconstructed. Split–sample calibration–verification tests were conducted to evaluate the quality of the model used for climate reconstruction. In the past 286 years, the number of non-drought years (PDSI > 0) was low, with a frequency of only 14.1% of the total reconstruction years. Extreme drought (PDSIJun < −2.70) occurred frequently in the 19th and early and late 20th centuries. Multi-taper method (MTM) spectra and wavelet analysis showed that the reconstructed PDSI series had high and low frequency periods (2.4–3.3 and 85–92 years). Our findings provide an understanding of the drought history of the semiarid forest-steppe ecotone of western Mongolia.

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