scholarly journals Conservation of Biodiversity and Poverty in Costa Rica: Analysis by Planning Regions

Revista ABRA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (57) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Steven Arroyo-Zeledón ◽  
Guillermo Zúñiga-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

One of the main strategies to preserve biodiversity has been the creation of protected areas, and some authors argue that such action will also have economic benefits for the human communities involved. Nevertheless, in several countries a spatial coincidence between these areas and poverty has been registered. This work evaluated whether there was more poverty in Costa Rican districts that have larger areas in inland national park or biological reserves. As an estimator of poverty in the districts, the Costa Rican index of social development (ISD) was used. For the whole country, districts with protected (DPA) areas had a lower ISD than those without them (DNPA). This result was also observed in the Central and Huetar Caribe planning regions; the opposite happened in the Huetar Norte region. The differences between planning regions offer opportunities for further research.

scholarly journals Creating wildlands in Costa Rica: Historical ecology of the creation of Corcovado National Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Christopher Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
The Creation ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Corcovado National Park

La mitad de las áreas silvestres actuales, se encuentran en los países tropicales y se crearon después de 1970. Sin embargo, las actividades humanas han alterado gravemente las áreas silvestres protegidas tropicales y el 75% de las áreas silvestres de América Latina carece de protección efectiva, planes largo plazo y recursos económicos para garantizar una gestión eficaz. Una causa parcial es que las áreas protegidas fueron concebidas utilizando el modelo conservacionista de EE.UU. de apartar hábitats no alterados “para el disfrute de las generaciones actuales y futuras”, sin tomar en cuenta la población local. El objetivo de este trabajo es documentar la ecología histórica de la creación del Parque Nacional Corcovado en la Península de Osa, Costa Rica. Este artículo presenta una reconstrucción histórica de cómo se creó el área, los actores involucrados y sus interacciones, en busca de una mejor planificación nacional de conservación. Considerando su tamaño, el parque es uno de los sistemas ecológicos más diversos del mundo, pero está expuesto a problemas relacionados con la extracción de madera, fauna y oro. La comunicación abierta y la búsqueda de situaciones beneficiosas para todos fomentó la creación del Parque Nacional Corcovado, y puede ser la clave para su sostenibilidad.PALABRAS CLAVEConservación, historia, Costa Rica, sistema de parques, conservación tropical, Península de Osa.

scholarly journals A new Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) from Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, Eastern Tropical Pacific

2017 ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Eduardo Suárez-Morales ◽  
Rebeca Gasca
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Genital Complex

Among the several groups of copepods that are teleost parasites, the siphonostomatoid family Caligidae is by far the most widespread and diverse. With more than 108 nominal species, the caligid genus Lepeophtheirus von Nordmann is one of the most speciose. There are no reports of this genus in Costa Rican waters. A new species of Lepeophtheirus is herein described based on female specimens collected from plankton samples in waters off Bahía Wafer, isla del Coco, an oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The new species, L. alvaroi sp. nov., has some affinities with other congeners bearing a relatively short abdomen, a wider than long genital complex and a 3-segmented exopod of leg 4. it differs from most of these species by the presence of an unbranched maxillular process and by the relative lengths of the terminal claws of leg 4, with two equally long elements. it is most closely related to two other Eastern Pacific species: L. dissimulatus Wilson, 1905 and L. clarionensis Shiino, 1959. it differs from these species by the proportions and shape of the genital complex, the shape of the sternal furca, the relative length of the maxillar segments, the absence of a pectiniform process on the distal maxillar segment, the length of leg 4 and the armature of leg 5. The new species represents the first Lepeophtheirus described from Costa Rican waters of the Pacific. The low diversity of this genus in this tropical region is explained by its tendency to prefer hosts from temperate latitudes. Until further evidence is found, the host of this Lepeophtheirus species remains unknown. Citation: Suárez-Morales, E. & R. Gasca. 2012. A new Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) from isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, Eastern Tropical Pacific. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 3): 235-242. Epub 2012 Dec 01.

The Social and Political Integration of West Indians in Costa Rica: 1930–50

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Harpelle
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Development ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
West Indians ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
The Social

People of African descent in Costa Rica form a marginalised and geographically concentrated minority group. The limited interest that academics have shown towards people of African descent is a reflection of their position in Costa Rican society. National histories consistently ignore the contributions of West Indian immigrants to the economic and social development of modern Costa Rica. Moreover, the existing literature on people of African descent in Costa Rica fails to document properly West Indians' efforts to integrate into Hispanic society. As a result, several misconceptions continue to exist about the evolution of the West Indian community in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Assessing Local Indigenous Knowledge and Information Sources on Biodiversity, Conservation and Protected Area Management at Khuvsgol Lake National Park, Mongolia

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher McCarthy ◽  
Hitoshi Shinjo ◽  
Buho Hoshino ◽  
Erdenebuyan Enkhjargal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Area Management

Indigenous knowledge about biodiversity and conservation is valuable and can be used to sustainably manage protected areas; however, indigenous communities continue to be marginalized due to the belief that their values and behaviors do not align with the overarching mission of conservation. This paper explores the extent of local knowledge and awareness of biodiversity, conservation and protected area management of indigenous communities at Khuvsgol Lake National Park, Mongolia. We investigate current levels of biodiversity awareness and explore perceptions toward conservation values and park management governance. Most respondents had a high awareness of existing biodiversity and held positive attitudes toward nature conservation and protected areas; however, insufficient knowledge of park rules and low levels of trust between local residents and park authorities may undermine conservation objectives in the long run. We identify an unequal share of economic benefits from tourism and preferential treatment toward elite business owners as a source of conflict. Limited information channels and poor communication between local residents and park authorities are also a source for low-level participation in conservation activities. Leveraging the increasing use of information communication technology, such as mobile phones, can serve as a new mechanism for improved information sharing and transparent reporting between local communities, conservationists and protected area authorities.

Local attitudes towards conservation and tourism around Komodo National Park, Indonesia

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Walpole ◽  
Harold J. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Local Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Support

Ensuring local support for protected areas is increasingly viewed as an important element of biodiversity conservation. This is often predicated on the provision of benefits from protected areas, and a common means of providing such benefits is tourism development. However, the relationship between receipt of tourism benefits and support for conservation has not been explored. This study examined local attitudes towards protected area tourism and the effects of tourism benefits on local support for Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Komodo National Park is a flagship for tourism in a region where protected areas are becoming increasingly visited and where local support for conservation has not been investigated. Results of a questionnaire survey revealed positive attitudes towards tourism and high support for conservation (93.7%), as well as a recognition that tourism is dependent upon the existence of the park. Positive attitudes towards tourism were positively related to the receipt of economic benefits, and to support for conservation. However, a positive relationship between receipt of tourism benefits and support for conservation was not identified, suggesting that benefits from protected area conservation make no difference to local support for conservation. Local people recognized distributional inequalities in tourism benefits, and the most common complaints were of local inflation and tourist dress code. To fully identify the impacts of protected area tourism, long-term studies of local attitudes alongside traditional economic and ecological assessments are recommended.

scholarly journals Altitudinal range extension of Long-tailed Singing Mouse, Scotinomys xerampelinus (Bangs, 1902) (Rodentia, Cricetidae), in Chirripó National Park, Costa Rica

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mora ◽  
Jairo García Céspedes ◽  
Lucía Isabel López ◽  
Gerardo Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Elevational Range

Scotinomys xerampelinus has a restricted distribution in the Cordilleras Central and Talamanca of Costa Rica and western Panama, at an elevational range between 2100 and 3400 m. We report individuals observed at Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica at 3820 m, which extends upwards the known elevational range by 420 m. The altitudinal range extension may indicate either incomplete surveys in the study area or an upslope shift due to increasing temperatures from climate change, a phenomenon that has forced several Costa Rican vertebrate species to transition to higher elevations. 

scholarly journals New records of heterobranch sea slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly García-Méndez ◽  
Yolanda E. Camacho-García
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
First Time

<p>The molluscan fauna of Isla del Coco has recently been well documented, but the heterobranch sea slugs, traditionally called “opisthobranchs”, remain poorly known. We report 13 new records, increasing the total to 40 species. Of the 13 newly discovered species, the following species had not been previously recorded along the Pacific Costa Rican mainland: <em>Berthella californica </em>(Dall, 1900), <em>Peltodoris rubra</em> (Bergh, 1905), <em>Dendrodoris albobrunnea </em>Allan, 1933, <em>Doriopsilla</em> cf. <em>spaldingi </em>Valdés &amp; Behrens, 1998, <em>Glaucus</em> cf. <em>marginatus</em> (Reinhardt &amp; Bergh, 1864), and <em>Flabellina</em> sp. Additionally, we report <em>Peltodoris rubra</em>, previously known from the Indo-Pacific, for the first time in the Eastern Tropical Pacific.</p><div> </div>

Survival of protected white-lipped peccaries in Costa Rica

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K Fuller ◽  
Eduardo Carrillo ◽  
Joel C Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Central America ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
National Park ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Corcovado National Park

The conservation of remnant populations of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in Central America depends on understanding their demography, but few quantitative data exist. We report survival and cause-specific mortality of 25 female and 11 male radio-marked adult (>1.0 year old) white-lipped peccaries monitored during February 1995 – February 2001 in Corcovado National Park, their largest stronghold in Costa Rica. Annual survival was lower for female (0.78; 95% CI = 0.68–0.88) than for male (0.94; 95% CI = 0.86–1.00) peccaries. Both sexes were poached and died in accidents but only females were killed by predators or died of unknown causes (but not poaching). In comparison with the demography of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu), the population of white-lipped peccaries in Corcovado National Park may be maintaining itself. Still, protected areas may need to be expanded and (or) more forcefully monitored to sustain white-lipped peccaries throughout their range if additional use by humans is likely to occur, especially given stochastic population processes and human population increases.

scholarly journals Políticas Públicas: Visión general y realidad en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Luz Moreno-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Policy Framework

<p>Costa Rica has a set of policies emerged from a process of improvement and analysis of previous instruments and the need to consolidate the management of the Wildlife Protected Areas of the country. In this article, we review the overall framework of public policies, what it means and what it should cover; and finish with a review the overall policy framework of protected areas in Costa Rica with a focus on its application in Isla del Coco National Park. Policies must be improved, including budget, indicators and verification.</p><div> </div>

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