Effect of activation temperature on properties of H3PO4-activated carbon

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4007-4020
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Junli Liu ◽  
Kang Sun ◽  
Yanyan Liu ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Graphitization Degree

The effects of different activation temperatures (Ta), ranging from 300 to 750 °C, on the ash content, yield, ignition point, microcrystalline structure, surface functional group, pore structure, and adsorption performance of activated carbon in preparing activated carbon by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were systematically studied. The yield and volatile content of activated carbon decreased with the increase of Ta, while the ash content, ignition point, and graphitization degree showed the opposite results. The turning point of ash content increasing rate of activated carbon occurred at 500 °C. The thermal decomposition temperature of phosphonate compounds was approximately 450 °C. With increased Ta, micropores were generated first, followed by mesopores. The ignition point of activated carbon was related to the volatile content and the degree of graphitization. Activated carbon with low ash content, high yield, well-developed pore structure and good adsorption performance was prepared at 350 to 425 °C. With increased Ta, the volatile content decreased, and the ignition point of activated carbon increased. At Ta higher than 500 °C, the aromatic and condensed ring structure, graphitization degree, and mesopore ratio of the activated carbon increased, yielding decreased adsorption performance.

Preparation of Advanced Activated Carbon from Low Ash Shenmu Coal

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Qiao Wen Yang ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Chuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature

By comparing two kinds of coal in the preparation of activated carbon, Shenmu coal and Shenmu low ash coal, this paper discussed the advantages of low ash coal in preparing activated carbon, as well as the influence of the carbonization temperature, the activation temperature, the activation time, and the steam flow on the performance of coal activated carbon. Key words: activated carbon, ash content, iodine value, pore structure

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Medical Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 2091-2096
Author(s):  
Xiu Yun Sun ◽  
Hong Xia Bian ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Wei Qing Han ◽  
Jin You Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

The chemically activated method has been applied to prepare activated carbon from the incinerated medical waste. The preparation process of activated carbon was investigated under various conditions set by several factors, including the type of active agent used, the ratio of active agent and carbonized product, the activation temperature, the dwell time and heating rate. The results demonstrated KOH had shown the best performance as the active agent. The optimal preparation conditions could be described as follows: ratio of KOH and carbonized product 3:1, heating rate 5 °C/min, activation temperature 800 °C with activation time 1 hour. The activated carbon prepared under the optimal preparation conditions showed good adsorption performance. The adsorption capacities for methylene blue and iodine were 24~28 ml/0.1g and 965~1150 mg/g, respectively. BET surface area of activated carbon obtained was as high as 985.1634~1387.4586 m2/g. The activated carbon prepared from medical waste exhibited excellent characteristics of sorbent.

scholarly journals ACTIVATION OF ASPEN CHARCOAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Е.В. Евдокимова ◽  
Г.И. Мальцев
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Water Steam

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по активации осинового угля зольностью 2,5 % водяным паром на выход и свойства полученного активного угля. Показано, что для активации лучше использовать уголь из спелой осины, а не из тонкомера, поскольку значения зольности у осинового угля из тонкомера сравнительно высокие и не могут гарантировать соблюдение этого показателя в товарном АУ. В этой связи необходимо применять технологию, обеспечивающую сравнительно высокий выход продукта. В наших исследованиях это условие выполнялось путем использования Z–образной вставки в печи активации. The results of experimental studies on the activation of aspen coal with an ash content of 2.5 % by water steam on the yield and properties of the resulting activated carbon are presented. It is shown that for activation it is better to use coal from ripe aspen, rather than from thin aspen, since the ash content of aspen coal from thin aspen is relatively high and cannot guarantee compliance with this indicator in the commercial activated carbon. In this regard, it is necessary to use a technology that provides a relatively high yield of the product. In our studies, this condition was met by using a Z-shaped insert in the activation furnace.

scholarly journals Pore Structure Regulation and Electrochemical Performance Characterization of Activated Carbon for Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Li ◽  
Tao Xing ◽  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Pengwei Lu ◽  
Weixue Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Impregnation Time

In order to achieve the purpose of regulating the pore structure characteristics of activated carbon by adjusting the experimental parameters, the effects of carbonization temperature, carbonization time, pre-activation temperature, pre-activation time and impregnation time on the pore structure of sargassum-based activated carbon (SAC) are studied by orthogonal experiment. The gravimetric capacitance of SAC and the relationship between the gravimetric capacitance and specific surface area are also studied. The results show that the SACs prepared at all experimental conditions have developed pore structure and huge specific surface area, reaching 3,122 m2/g. The pore size of SAC is almost all within 6 nm, in which the micropores are mainly concentrated in 0.4–0.8 nm, the mesopores are mainly concentrated in 2–4 nm, and the number of micropores is significantly higher than that of mesopores. During the preparation of SAC, the effect of carbonization temperature on the specific surface area and specific pore volume of SAC is very significant. The effect of carbonization time on the specific surface area of SAC is significant, but the effect on specific pore volume can be ignored. The effects of pre-activation temperature, pre-activation time, and impregnation time on specific surface area and specific pore volume of SAC can be ignored. In addition, SACs show good gravimetric capacitance performance as electrode material for supercapacitors, which can significantly increase the capacitance of supercapacitors and thus broaden their applications. The gravimetric capacitance and specific surface area of SACs show a good linear relationship when the activated carbons have similar material properties and pore size distribution.

The Structure and Performance of Sludge Activated Carbon with ZnCl2 as Activator

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Lin Huan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Long Gong ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
An Xi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
And Performance

In this paper we used the excess sludge of municipal sewage treatment plant as raw material, ZnCl2 as activator, and adopted the traditional activated carbon production process to prepare sludge activated carbon adsorbent. Then characterized the structure and determined the performance of sludge activated carbon adsorbent prepared at the activation temperature of 600°C, in a period of 90min, N2 as protecting gas, in a ratio of dry sludge and activator of 5:2. The results show that sludge activated carbon adsorbent with ZnCl2 as activator has the adsorption performance through the evidence of BET, SEM and XRD. The maximal iodine value of the adsorbent is more than 380 mg/g, and it has good adsorption performance for H2S. And there is good correlation between the structure and the performance of sludge activated carbon adsorbent.

scholarly journals Properties Tuning of Palm Kernel Shell Biochar Granular Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Methylene Blue

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1002-1019
Author(s):  
S M Anisuzzaman ◽  
Nirwana Sinring ◽  
Rachel Fran Mansa
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

This study aimed to produce palm kernel shell granular activated carbon (PKSGAC) from slow vacuum pyrolysed PKS biochar (PKSB) via chemical activation using a horizontal tubular split zone furnace. The study also investigated the effects of varying parameters of the PKSGAC on its colour removal ability. The PKSB was activated through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at various parameters such as activation temperature (700oC to 850oC), KOH concentration (50 % w/v to 100 % w/v) and particle size of PKSB (0.4 mm to 2.5 mm). The novelty of this work lies in the study of chemical activation on various particle size ranges using response surface methodology (RSM) to model the relationships between various parameters. The PKSB was characterized to determine its thermal condition, and the PKSGAC was characterized to determine the iodine number, bulk density, ash content, moisture content, surface area and morphology structure. The parameters that were used for each sample were determined by using the RSM based on central composite design (CCD). In this study, design expert version 11.0 software was used and three parameters as independent variables were manipulated. Finally, three different PKSGAC samples of different particle sizes were used to test for the methylene blue (MB) dye removal with the concentration of 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 15 mg/l and 20 mg/l. Thermal analysis showed that the total weight loss of the PKSB sample was 58.30% and for PKSGAC the range of the product yield as shown from the RSM was from 33.23% to 96.33%. The RSM also showed that the values for moisture content were in a range from 0% - 39%, as for the ash content value from 2% - 12%, while for the bulk density ranged from 0.17 g/cm3 - 0.50 g/cm3. The highest iodine value achieved was 1320 mg/g at activation temperature of 850oC, KOH concentration of 50% w/v and particle size of 0.4 mm. From the RSM, an iodine number of 1100 mg/g could be obtained using an activation temperature of 850oC, the KOH concentration of 69.22% w/v and the particle size of 0.59 mm. From the BET analysis, the PKSGAC sample obtained 581 m2/g for SBET and 0.3173 cm3/g for the Vtot. The highest percentage dye removal of MB dye was 89.61% to 97.63% at 775oC activation temperature, 75% w/v KOH concentration and 0.4 mm particle size. This work produced RSM models to predict the relationships between the parameters and the response, as well as the performance on MB dye removal.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Shells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsing Huang ◽  
Hao-Hsiang Cheng ◽  
Sheau-Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Iodine Adsorption ◽  
Coconut Shells

This study presents the fabrication of high-quality activated carbon (AC) from discarded coconut shells. The effects of experimental parameters such as activation temperature and activation time on the basic characteristics of AC, including charcoal yield, ash content, pH value, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area, total pore volume, and iodine adsorption, are investigated. The results indicate that as the activation temperature and activation time increase, the charcoal yield of the AC decreases. In contrast, iodine adsorption, ash content, pH value, and total pore volume increase with activation temperature. The AC sample activated at 1000°C for 120 min had the highest BET specific surface area and total pore volume and thus the best CO2adsorption performance. This sample was compared with 30-mesh commercial AC. The results reveal that coconut-based AC has better instantaneous adsorption capabilities.

Study on the Removal of Mercury in the Simulated Flue Gas by Biomass Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1519-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li Zhao ◽  
Qian Yan Liu ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed System

This paper mainly studied the removal of Hg by biomass activated carbon in the simulated flue gas. Biomass activated carbon of different materials were made through the control of activator concentration, activation temperature in the self-developed biomass preparation system. In the fixed bed system, the flue gas Hg removal efficiency of activated carbon samples were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption performance of biomass activated carbon was not proportional with the change of the activator concentration and activation temperature, the overall trend was firstly increased and then decreased.

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