scholarly journals INFORMACIJOS APIE SEKSUALINĘ PRIEVARTĄ PATEIKIMO YPATUMŲ ĮTAKA STUDENČIŲ POŽIŪRIUI Į TOKIĄ PRIEVARTĄ

Psichologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
A. Mitaitė ◽  
K. Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Unwanted Sex ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Victim Reporting ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Research Show

Tyrimu siekiama nustatyti prievartautojo, aukos, respondenčių charakteristikų ir lingvistikos priemonių įtaką studenčių seksualinės prievartos vertinimui. Tiriamos charakteristikos: 1) auka pažįstama / nepažįstama su prievartautoju, 2) auka blaivi / vartojusi alkoholio, 3) seksualinė prievarta apibūdinama terminu išžaginimas / nenorimi lytiniai santykiai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad seksualinės prievartos aukos vertinamos nevienodai – kaip kaltesnės dėl seksualinės prievartos patyrimo, kai jos pažįsta prievartautoją ir kai vartojamas terminas „nenorimi lytiniai santykiai“, nei kai jos nepažįsta prievartautojo ir vartojamas terminas „išžaginimas“. Tačiau vartojamas terminas neturi didesnės įtakos seksualinės prievartos vertinimui, nei aukos ir prievartautojo santykio tipas. Prievartautojas laikomas kaltesniu ir nusipelniusiu griežtesnės bausmės, kai vartojamas terminas „išžaginimas“, o ne „nenorimi lytiniai santykiai“, ir tai turi daugiau įtakos vertinimui nei aukos ir prievartautojo santykis ar aukos būsena (blaivumas / apsvaigimas). Studentės teigia dažniau pranešiančios apie patirtą seksualinę prievartą, jei būtų vartojamas terminas „išžaginimas“, prievartautojas būtų nepažįstamas ir jos būtų nevartojusios alkoholio. Studenčių studijuojama specialybė ir studijų kursas nėra reikšmingai susiję su jų požiūriu į seksualinę prievartą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: seksualinė prievarta, seksualinės prievartos vertinimas. Effect of information about sexual assault presentation specificities of female students’ attitude towards sexual assaultMitaitė A., Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė K. SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of the characteristics of a rapist and a victim on the sexual assault assessment of female students.200 respondents participated in the research. 43.5% of them were 1st year, 52.0% – 2nd year, 3.5% – 3rd year, and 1 – 4th year female students of the Vytautas Magnus University. Their average age was 19.89 years (SD 1.009).The respondents have been presented with a research instrument composed of demographic questions, sexual assault scenarios of A. Wilkinson (8 versions), and questions related to the sexual assault scenarios. Each scenario was followed by five scales: Behavioral Blame (BB), Character Blame (CB), Punishment (P), Victim Reporting (VR), and Reporting (R). Each scale consisted of three questions, and responses were obtained on a 7-point Likert scale. All scenarios contain an identical sexual assault situation. However, three characteristics are manipulated with: 1) the victim is acquainted / unacquainted with the rapist, 2) the victim is sober / under the influence, 3) the sexual assault is defined by the term of rape / unwanted sex.The results of the research show that victims of sexual assault are assessed unequally. It has been found that sexual assault victims are blamed for their behavior as being more provocative for the sexual assault when they know the rapist (β = –0.412;p = 0.0001) and the term “unwanted sex” is used(β = 0.173; p < 0.009) in comparison with the situation when the rapist is a stranger and the assault is defined as “a rape”. Similarly, sexual assault victims are blamed for their character as being more responsible for the sexual assault when they know the rapist(β = -0.156; p = 0.024), and the term “unwanted sex” is used (β = 0.246; p = 0.001) in comparison with the situation when the rapist is a stranger and the assault is defined as “a rape”. However, the fact that the victim has consumed / not consumed alcohol does not have a significant effect on her blame (p > 0.05). Also, it has been found that the rapist is more responsible and deserving a stricter punishment, when the term “rape” is used, in comparison with the term “unwanted sex” (β = –0.363; p < 0.0001), and this issue has a more significant effect than the victim’s relation with the rapist (β = 0.285; p < 0.0001) or the victim’s condition (consumed / not consumed alcohol) (p < 0.05). Lastly, respondents think that the victim tends to report about sexual assault more often when the term “rape” is used (β = –0.330; p < 0.0001) and the rapist is unacquainted with the victim (β = 0.203; p = 0.002). Also respondents hypothetically think that they personally would report about a sexual assault more often when they would be sober (β = 0.150;p = 0.033), they would not know the rapist (β = 0.157;p = 0.023), and the term “rape” would used (β = –0.232; p = 0.001). Additionally respondents demographic characteristics (the year of study and the study field) were not significant predictors of their attitudes towards sexual assault (p < 0.05).Key words: sexual assault, sexual assault assessment.

scholarly journals 986. Improvement in Administration of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in the Emergency Department Following Sexual Assault

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S521-S522
Author(s):  
Jennifer R Silva-Nash ◽  
Stacie Bordelon ◽  
Ryan K Dare ◽  
Sherrie Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Nonoccupational post exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) following sexual assault can prevent HIV transmission. A standardized Emergency Department (ED) protocol for evaluation, treatment, and follow up for post assault victims was implemented to improve compliance with CDC nPEP guidelines. Methods A single-center observational study of post sexual assault patients before/after implementation of an ED nPEP protocol was conducted by comparing the appropriateness of prescriptions, labs, and necessary follow up. A standardized order-set based on CDC nPEP guidelines, with involvement of an HIV pharmacist and ID clinic, was implemented during the 2018-2019 academic year. Clinical data from pre-intervention period (07/2016-06/2017) was compared to post-intervention period (07/2018-08/2019) following a 1-year washout period. Results During the study, 147 post-sexual assault patients (59 Pre, 88 Post) were included. One hundred thirty-three (90.4%) were female, 68 (46.6%) were African American and 133 (90.4%) were candidates for nPEP. Median time to presentation following assault was 12.6 hours. nPEP was offered to 40 (67.8%) and 84 (95.5%) patients (P&lt; 0.001) and ultimately prescribed to 29 (49.2%) and 71 (80.7%) patients (P&lt; 0.001) in pre and post periods respectively. Renal function (37.3% vs 88.6%; P&lt; 0.001), pregnancy (39.0% vs 79.6%; P&lt; 0.001), syphilis (3.4% vs 89.8%; P&lt; 0.001), hepatitis B (15.3% vs 95.5%; P&lt; 0.001) and hepatitis C (27.1% vs 94.3%) screening occurred more frequently during the post period. Labratory, nPEP Prescription and Follow up Details for Patients Prescribed nPEP Conclusion The standardization of an nPEP ED protocol for sexual assault victims resulted in increased nPEP administration, appropriateness of prescription, screening for other sexually transmitted infectious and scheduling follow up care. While guideline compliance dramatically improved, further interventions are likely warranted in this vulnerable population. Disclosures Ryan K. Dare, MD, MS, Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc (Research Grant or Support)

Mandatory Reporting and Adolescent Sexual Assault

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110302
Author(s):  
Caroline Bailey ◽  
Jessica Shaw ◽  
Abril Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Adolescents experience alarmingly high rates of sexual violence, higher than any other age-group. This is concerning as sexual violence can have detrimental effects on teens’ personal and relational well-being, causing long-term consequences for the survivor. Still, adolescents are hesitant to report the assault or seek out services and resources. When an adolescent survivor does seek out services, they may interact with a provider who is a mandatory reporter. This scoping review sought to synthesize the current U.S.-based research on the role, challenges, and impact of mandatory reporting (MR) in the context of adolescent sexual assault. Database searches using key words related to MR, sexual assault, and adolescence identified 29 peer-reviewed articles. However, none of these articles reported on empirical investigations of the phenomenon of interest and instead consisted of case studies, commentaries, and position papers. The scoping review was expanded to provide a lay of the land of what we know about the intersection of adolescent sexual assault and MR. Results of the review indicate that though implemented broadly, MR policies vary between individuals, organizations, and states and have historically been challenging to implement due to this variation, conflicts with other laws, tension between these policies and providers’ values, and other factors. Based on the available literature, the impact of MR in the context of adolescent sexual assault is unknown. There is a critical need for research and evaluation on the implementation and impact of MR policies, especially in the context of adolescents and sexual violence.

Making the Call: College Students’ Legal Consciousness and Hypothetical Activation of Police for Sexual Assaults

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110211
Author(s):  
Trish Oberweis ◽  
Dayna Henry ◽  
Stacey Griner ◽  
Ekaterina Gorislavsky
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
Assault Prevention

Research has identified the necessity of sexual assault victims to label their experience as criminal to initiate reporting. However, barriers exist in labeling uninvited sexual contact as criminal. This study examined college students’ assessments of whether eight nonconsensual behaviors met the legal definition of sexual assault, and whether such behaviors should be reported to police. Results indicated students acknowledged the nonconsensual behaviors as criminal; however, gaps were identified between awareness that the acts were criminal and willingness to report to police. Findings demonstrate a need for continued efforts for sexual assault prevention among college students.

Audit on management of sexual assault victims attending an integrated sexual health service in Coventry

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 911-914
Author(s):  
Billakanti Swarna Kumari ◽  
Shyamalie Bopitiya ◽  
Anne Bassinder ◽  
Satyajit Das
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexual Health Service ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Hiv Risk Assessment

The management of victims of sexual assault need a holistic approach. The British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) has set up standards for the management of sexual assault victims attending Sexual Health Clinics. We audited the management of victims of sexual assault attending an integrated sexual health service against recommendations from the latest BASHH guidelines. We included the recommendations and implementations already in place following an earlier audit in 2013 using the same guideline. Sixty-seven individuals identified themselves as victims of sexual assault. Most were of white ethnic origin (78%), female (96%) and the commonest age group was 18–25 years (39%). We achieved the 100% target in recording the date of assault, offering baseline sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening, HIV risk assessment, offer of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV where applicable and offer of emergency contraception. We were below the 100% target for other categories but improved compared to the previous audit except in recording the time when the first dose of PEP for HIV was given. The BASHH guideline has 14 auditable standards, all with a target of 100%. Our audit cycle completed in three years showed considerable improvement in achieving the standards in the management of Sexual Assault Victims. We hope this will encourage other centres audit their practice against the standards set by BASHH.

Changing Attitudes Toward Women: A Longitudinal Study of College Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Etaugh ◽  
Deborah Bohn Spandikow
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Shift Hypothesis ◽  
Over Time

Cross sectional data indicate that college students show more liberal attitudes toward women with increasing years of college attendance. This shift may reflect intraindividual change or simply differential dropout of more traditionally oriented students. To study this problem longitudinally, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale was administered to 430 university students who had completed the same questionnaire 2 years earlier. Attitudes toward women generally became more liberal over time for both male and female students, supporting the intraindividual shift hypothesis. For both sexes, attitudes involving women's educational-vocational rights became more liberal than those involving women's marital and maternal responsibilities. Socio-demographic characteristics of subjects who became more traditional were compared with those of subjects who became more liberal.

‘You should tell somebody’: An evaluation of a survivor stories blog project to motivate sexual assault victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 001789692110164
Author(s):  
Rachel E Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
Blog Posts

Objective: Sexual assault victims often do not disclose their assaults or seek positive health outcomes. The RAINN Survivor Stories project shares testimonials in the form of online blogs from sexual assault survivors to motivate and encourage others to come forward and disclose their assaults. This study aimed to better understand the themes present in the survivor stories to motivate victims to disclose their assaults and seek positive health outcomes. Design: A theoretical thematic analysis was conducted on blog posts created for the project to identify (a) how the posts tell survivor stories and (b) how the posts model positive health outcomes using social cognitive theory and the disclosure processes model as a guide. Setting: Online setting linked to the rainn.org website. Method: Blog posts were collected for inductive thematic analysis. Themes were identified based on their prevalence in the data and their pertinence to the research questions. Results: Emerging themes included (a) overcoming initial disclosure, (b) overcoming the lasting effects of victimisation, (c) utilising support and (d) advocating for others after assault. Conclusion: Findings offer insight to researchers and practitioners creating media messages for sexual assault victims and other stigmatised groups by expanding understanding of modelled positive health outcomes in media and the disclosure process of victims.

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