scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in the Effect of Free Testosterone on Sarcopenia Components in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Eun Shin ◽  
Jeremy D. Walston ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectiveThe association of free testosterone (FT) with sarcopenia and its components is well known in men but incompletely understood in women. We examined the association of baseline FT with the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older adults.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal analysis from the prospective population-based Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.MethodsA total of 1,879 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years were enrolled for cross-sectional analysis and 1,583 subjects who participated in the 2-year follow-up survey were included for longitudinal analysis. Baseline FT levels was measured by radioimmunoassay. Skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical performance tests were measured at baseline and after 2-year follow-up. Sarcopenia was defined by the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).ResultsContinuous FT levels was positively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in men (odds ratio [OR]=0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89–1.00)] and women (OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.42–0.99) after adjusting for multiple confounders. In prospective analysis, low FT levels was associated with a decrease in handgrip strength in women (β=-0.61; p=0.010) and a reduction in Timed “Up and Go” (TUG) test (β=0.53; p=0.008) in men after 2 years. No significant correlations were found between FT levels and the incidence of sarcopenia.ConclusionsLow levels of FT may be a significant determinant of decreases in muscle strength in women and declines in physical performance in men after 2 years. Low FT do not predict loss of muscle mass in both men and women.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland: comparison of EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoileann Murphy ◽  
Aoibheann McMorrow ◽  
Ellen Flanagan ◽  
Helen Cummins ◽  
Sinead McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractSarcopenia is a muscle disease rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. It is an independent risk factor for numerous adverse health outcomes. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for the identification of people with sarcopenia (EWGSOP1). In 2018, this definition was updated based on the newest evidence (EWGSOP2), with the focus now on low muscle strength rather than low muscle quantity as the key characteristic of sarcopenia. In addition, EWGSOP2 provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland for the first time and to assess agreement between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions. In a cross-sectional analysis, 490 community-dwelling adults (age 78.4 ± 8.0 y, body mass index 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2) were assessed. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength was measured via handgrip dynamometry and physical performance via the Short Physical Performance Battery. Sarcopenia was defined according to both the 2010 criteria (EWGSOP1) and the updated 2018 criteria (EWGSOP2). Using the EWGSOP1 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.1% (2.6% sarcopenia, 4.5% severe sarcopenia) and 3.6% were classified as pre-sarcopenic (low muscle mass without a decrement in strength or physical performance). Using the EWGSOP2 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.5% (1.6% sarcopenia, 3.9% severe sarcopenia) and 23.4 % were classified as having low strength but without a decrement in muscle mass. Five of the participants who were classified as sarcopenic (2 sarcopenia, 3 severe sarcopenia) by EWGSOP1 were classified as “normal” using the EWGSOP2 criteria. In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland is in line with the prevalence reported in other European countries using the EWGSOP1 criteria (3.3–11.4 %). To our knowledge this is the first study to compare the prevalence based on the EWGSOP1 and the EWGSOP2 criteria. We report a slightly lower prevalence using the EWGSOP2 definition compared to the EWGSOP1 definition. Importantly however, in contrast to EWGSOP1, the EWGSOP2 definition identified a substantial proportion of older adults with poor strength in the absence of overt sarcopenia (23.4%). These older adults represent a group who would benefit from further clinical investigation and intervention.

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Physical Performance Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao He ◽  
Philipe de Souto Barreto ◽  
Kelly V Giudici ◽  
Geetika Aggarwal ◽  
Andrew D Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Short Physical Performance Battery ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Preventive Trial

Abstract Background Plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and progranulin (PGRN) have been related to multiple neurodegenerative conditions that might affect physical performance. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between these plasma neurodegenerative markers and physical performance among community-dwelling older adults. Methods Five hundred and seven older adults (aged 76 ± 5 years) previously recruited in the Multidomain Alzheimer’s Preventive Trial, and had received blood and physical performance tests, were included in this study. Plasma Aβ (Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio), NfL, and PGRN levels were measured. Physical performance was assessed by handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (combining gait speed, chair stands, and balance tests). Physical performance measured at the same time point and after the blood tests were used. Mixed-effect linear models were performed with age, sex, allocation to Multidomain Alzheimer’s Preventive Trial group, body mass index, and Mini-Mental State Examination score as covariates. Results The mean values of Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio, NfL, and PGRN were 0.11, 84.06 pg/mL, and 45.43 ng/mL, respectively. At the cross-sectional level, higher plasma NfL was associated with a lower Short Physical Performance Battery score (β = −0.004, 95% CI [−0.007, −0.001]). At the longitudinal level, higher PGRN levels were associated with decreasing handgrip strength over time (β = −0.02, 95% CI [−0.04, −0.007]). All the other associations were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion Our findings suggest the possibility of using plasma NfL and PGRN as markers of physical performance in older adults.

scholarly journals Physical Factors in Age-Related Physical Performance Decline in Older Adults at Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, West Java Branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Vitriana ◽  
Irma Ruslina Defi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
West Java ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aging process is associated with increased body fat and decreased muscle mass and strength in older adults. This condition is frequently associated with loss of mobility and functions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical performance and handgrip strength, body composition, and anthropometry in community-dwelling older adults living in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2015 to June 2016 on community-dwelling older adults above 60 years old who were the members of the West Java Branch of Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, Indonesia, with the ability to walk without an assistive device and to perform hand grip properly as an additional inclusion criterion. Subjects were excluded if they experienced severe cardiorespiratory or vascular abnormalities, used artificial implants, underwent hormone therapy, and had any disease that would affect the accuracy of the variable measurement. A total of 106 subjects (60-85 years old) participated in this study. A significant negative correlation between total body fat and physical performance and a positive correlation between handgrip strength to physical performance were observed among subjects. However, no correlation was found between the anthropometric measurement and physical performance. The total body fat percentage, muscle mass index, and handgrip strength correlate significantly to the physical performance in older adults and may be used as a good indicator to preserve physical function and quality of life in the elderly.

scholarly journals Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Laetitia Lengelé ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Jean-Yves Reginster ◽  
Médéa Locquet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
P Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

Associations between elevated growth differentiation factor-15 and sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Jeremy D Walston ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Analyses

Abstract Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is associated with disease progression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mortality. Elevated GDF-15 level was recently reported to be associated with poorer physical performance in healthy adults. However, the association between serum GDF-15 level and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults has not been well characterized. Methods We conducted cross-sectional (n = 929) and two-year prospective analyses (n = 788) among participants aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 were excluded. Appendicular lean mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia status was determined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia-2019 algorithm. Results At baseline, 16.6% of the participants had sarcopenia. Median GDF-15 concentration was higher in the sarcopenic group than in the non-sarcopenic group (1221 pg/mL vs. 1019 pg/mL, p&lt;0.001). In the multivariate analysis adjusted for cardiometabolic risk and biological factors, the highest GDF-15 tertile (≥1245 pg/mL) had an increased likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–3.33) than the lowest tertile (&lt;885 pg/mL). During the two-year follow-up period, 67 (10.1%) individuals without sarcopenia at baseline developed sarcopenia. There were no significant associations between baseline serum GDF-15 levels and incident sarcopenia or its components (all p&gt;0.05). Conclusions Elevated GDF-15 was associated with prevalent sarcopenia but not able to predict incident sarcopenia in the 2-year follow-up. Further studies are needed to explore the pathophysiological roles of GDF-15 in the development of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2820
Author(s):  
Julie Mareschal ◽  
Laurence Genton ◽  
Tinh-Hai Collet ◽  
Christophe Graf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent and fight sarcopenia and frailty is of great interest. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions alone or combined with other treatment(s) in older community-dwelling adults on (1) the three indicators of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance; and (2) the hospitalization and readmission rates. The literature search was performed on Medline and included studies published between January 2010 and June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatment(s) in community-living subjects aged 65 or older. In total, 28 articles were retained in the final analysis. This systematic review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach, including at least a combined nutritional and exercise intervention, to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, in community-dwelling older adults but especially in frail and sarcopenic subjects. Regarding hospitalization and readmission rate, data were limited and inconclusive. Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of such interventions in this population.

scholarly journals 88 Prospective Association of Obesity and Falls among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv18-iv27
Author(s):  
Sheng Hui Kioh ◽  
Sumaiyah Mat ◽  
Phyo Myint ◽  
Shahrul B Kamaruzzaman ◽  
Maw Pin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Cross-sectional studies linking the association between obesity and falls are limited and their results are somewhat conflicting. The inconsistent evidence between obesity and falls could be explained by the utilization of different measures of obesity including BMI, WC, waist hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) in different studies. Aims To examine the prospective association between various measures of obesity and falls among community-dwelling older adults. Methods We utilized data from the wave 1 and wave 2 of the Malaysian Elder’s Longitudinal Research Study (MELoR). Basic demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors and falls history in preceding 12 months was recorded by computer assisted questionnaire in participant’s home while anthropometric measurements, body composition assessments and physical performance were collected at the hospital during a hospital check-up at baseline. The main exposure variables were increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) and the main outcome was self-report falls in the preceding 12 months at time of follow-up. Results Among 746 participants at baseline and follow-up (mean age 68.9 ± 7.3 years, old, 56.7% women), 150(20.1%) individuals had ≥1 time of fall at follow-up. No differences in mean age and proportion of men and women among fallers and non-fallers. However, fallers were found to have higher WHR, lower percentage muscle mass and performed poorer in physical performance (p-value&lt;0.01). Of the four obesity indicators, higher WHR at baseline was associated with increased risk of fall 12 months later even after adjustment for all potential confounders (aOR= 2.01; 95%CI= 1.26-3.18). Conclusions In conclusion, our findings suggest that WHR is the measure of adiposity most likely to differentiate fallers from non-fallers prospectively. Future studies should evaluate the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of falls associated with increased WHR.

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