scholarly journals Geographical aspects of the demographic situation in Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Iryna Hudzelyak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Population Demographic

The population of Western Ukraine decreases over the 2001–2016 years and at present is 9,356 thousands or 21 % of the whole population. Due to the slower pace of depopulation in comparison with other regions, the demographic weight of the Western region increases in the population of Ukraine. The rural population of the Western region decreases, while the urban population due to migration inflows increases. The level of urbanization in the Western region remains the lowest in Ukraine – only 49 %, but the rate of urbanization in the last 15 years was the highest in the country, except the capital region. Improvements in the economic activity and expansion of urban areas have a place in many cities. The level of population ageing of the Western region is the lowest in Ukraine and the more aged population is rural. Due to reduced fertility and the premature mortality, extremely rapid ageing of the urban population occurs. Because of the great migration losses in rural areas in recent decades, the level of ageing of the rural population is growing really slowly and in Volyn region, the rural population became younger. The birth rate here is the highest in Ukraine, especially in rural areas of Rivne, Zakarpattia, and Volyn regions. Therefore, the proportion of children in all types of settlements dramatically exceeds the average indicators among Ukrainian. The urban population of the region is characterised by a new European model of reproductive behaviour that defines the main demographic parameters: low fertility, including early birth, the dominance of nucleus families, and higher age for marriages. In general, the most favourable demographic situation is in Zakarpattia region and rural areas of Rivne region, which is mostly achieved by high birth rates, lower level of premature mortality and lower migration loss of reproductive groups. The worst demographic situation among the Western regions is in the Ternopil region, where demographic potential in the rural areas significantly decreased as a result of large migration losses and a rapid decline in fertility. Key words: population, demographic situation, urbanization, depopulation, demographic ageing, natural reproduction, migration.

scholarly journals Lviv as a Metropolitan Center of the Western Region of Ukraine: Peculiarities of Demographic Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
I. O. KURYLO ◽  
T. M. GARASHCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Population Demographic

The paper deals with identifying modern features of population structure of Lviv city as the metropolis of the western region of Ukraine. It has been done by using comparative analysis of gender and age structure of Lviv population with the urban population of Lviv region and with the east and south Ukrainian metropolises. Th e modern peculiarities of gender and age composition of Lviv population are considered according to a set of indicators using statistical and demographic methods of structure and dynamics analysis as well as comparative assessment of structures using the model of stable population. Demographic structure is analyzed with estimation methods which haven’t been used in studies of these territorial objects yet. Th ere are several diff erent “thresholds” of sexes balancing age in the population of Lviv and other metropolises, which is explained by the gender specifi cs of educational and labor migration to these cities as educational and economic centers of Ukraine with their inherent features of economic major. Th e analysis revealed that among the considered cities the population of Lviv is younger, it has a slightly higher proportion of youth and women in reproductive age, signifi cantly lower demographic burden on population of working age by older people and higher burden by children and adolescents. Th ese features are associated with more favorable regime of natural reproduction and refl ects the existing and potential demoeconomic advantages of Lviv against the background of the south and east cities. Th e population of Lviv is, however, demographically older than the urban population of Lviv region (minus the regional center) due to relatively higher life expectancy and slightly lower reproductive activity. Th e study has underlined the diff erences between Lviv and studied metropolises of the south and east in terms of its demographic structure. It should be noted that although in the short and medium term the population aging in Lviv will be pro gressing, but in general the center of the western region of Ukraine has better demographic prerequisites for socio-economic development and, in particular, spurring the innovation.

scholarly journals “New” rural settlements – former urban-type settlements

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
A. S. Chuchkalov ◽  
A. I. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Type Settlement ◽  
Average Population Size

Since the 1920s, when the notion of urban-type settlement (UTS) was introduced in Russia, and until the 1980s the number of UTSs was constantly increasing. But since the 1990s, their rapid decline began, and by 2019 more than a third of them were transformed into rural settlements. In this article, the authors try to find out what the new villages the former UTSs are; where they are located; what their functions (largely lost) are, and what the specific features of their population are. From 1989 to 2010, the processes of transformation of UTSs into rural settlements administratively increased rural population of Russia by 2.4 mln people and held back the growth of the urban population share, which increased only slightly from 73.4 to 73.7%. When comparing the census data of 1989 and 2010 in many regions, the administrative ruralization radically changed the dynamics of the population: instead of a real decrease in the number of rural residents, Census-2010 showed the increase of rural population. Former UTSs are losing population more rapidly than the rural areas of their municipal districts, and the most intensive outflow is in logging settlements, centers of construction and colonies-settlements. The average population size of the former UTSs is minimal in the North of European Russia and the Far North, and maximum in the European South and in the Ural-Volga area, where the former UTSs-district centers are mostly concentrated, in which change of their status was purely formal.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 002073142098374
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pandey ◽  
Nitin Kishore Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Number

The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors associated with the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure for identifying the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesizes that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons older than 50, population density, and poverty rate. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The policy effectiveness indicator is calculated by taking the difference of the COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state based on the predicted model and the actual COVID rank of the [Formula: see text]th state[Formula: see text]Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, demographic factors such as rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus, people residing in urban areas face a significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to people in rural areas.

MO759COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH CKD ON HEMODIALYSIS IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimkhon Sharapov ◽  
Botir Daminov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Rural Group

Abstract Background and Aims According to recently published WHO data, kidney disease has been the 10th leading cause of death in the world over the past 20 years. The lethality of dialysis patients with cardiovascular pathology is 3 times higher than that of patients without CVD. This is especially pronounced in developing countries. Uzbekistan is a country with a population of 34 million and has an equal urban and rural population. In this regard, it is of interest to comparatively study the structure of CVD in patients with CKD stage 5D of the rural and urban population of Uzbekistan. Method We examined 165 (90 men and 75 women) patients with CKD stage 5 receiving dialysis in urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their permanent place of residence and the medical center where they receive hemodialysis. 104 (51 men and 53 women) patients were included in the Urban group and 61 (39 men and 22 women) patients were included in the Rural group. The average age of the urban population was 49.7 ± 1.38 years, the rural population was 45.5 ± 1.83 years. All patients underwent programmed hemodialysis according to the standard scheme for 4 hours 3 times a day (12 hours/week). The average duration of hemodialysis in the Urban group was 37.0 ± 4.77 months (M ± m) and 16.6 ± 2.4 months in the Rural group. The main causes of CKD 5D in both groups were glomerulonephritis (Urban-36.5%, Rural-62%) and type 2 diabetes (Urban-31.7%, Rural-18%). Results CVD comorbidity occurred in 55,8% (n=92) of all 165 examined patients, of which 52 were men and 40 were women. The most common CVDs in all groups were hypertension (51%, n=84), coronary heart disease, presented as angina (28%, n=47), heart failure (14%, n=23) and various types of arrhythmias (5%, n=8). 77% (n=127) of patients had anemia due ESRD. In the group Urban(n=104), 62.5% (n=65) had CVD. The main CVD was Hypertension. It was found in 92% (n=60) of patients with CVD in this group. Less (65%, n=42) were patients with angina. Heart failure was detected in 31% (n=20) of patients. Arrhythmia was diagnosed in only 5% (n=5). A large number of combined CVD have been identified. 69% (n=45) of all patients with CVD had a combined CVDs in different combinations. The most common combination was hypertension + angina (n = 26). It accounted for almost 58% of all combined cases. Only 28% (n=17) of all cases with hypertension had "isolated" hypertension. The main combination with hypertension was hypertension + angina (43%, n=26), 11% (n=11) of patients had hypertension + angina + heart failure, a combination in the form of hypertension + angina + arrhythmia had 3% (n=3) patients. Relatively fewer (n = 27, 44%) CVD were found in the Rural group. The most frequent CVD was also a hypertension. Patients with hypertension made up 89% (n = 24) of all patients with CVD in this group. The second place is occupied by angina, it was found in 18.5% (n=5) cases among patients with CVD. Combined CVS pathologies were less common in the rural group. A total of 8 patients (29.6% of all CVD cases) had several CVDs. Conclusion Сardiovascular diseases in the urban population (62.5%) occur almost one and a half times more often than in the rural population (44%). Combined CVD pathology occupies a leading place in the structure of CVD in patients with CKD 5D, both urban and rural.

scholarly journals THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE WESTERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ermagambetova ◽  
◽  
E. Myrzagaliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The City ◽  
External Migration

The article analyzes the migration and demographic situation of the population of Western Kazakhstan in the second half of the nineteenth century. Factors affecting population growth, mechanisms for regulating internal and external migration are considered. In the period under review, the population of the Western region of Kazakhstan in terms of number (1142384 people) was densely populated after Southern Kazakhstan (1499201 people). Residents of Western Kazakhstan made up 27.54% of the total population of the region. By the end of the nineteenth century, the population of the city in Western Kazakhstan was relatively small, especially with a small share of the Kazakh population in the city. The majority of the urban population are Slavic ethnic groups, and the number of Tatars in the cities of the region is also growing

scholarly journals Reasons for Migration Reverse in Estonia

2005 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Mare Ainsaar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
The Past

During the past 30 years migration trends in most European countries have revealed some signs of deconcentration. The aim of this paper is to analyse the reasons of such deconcentration. For that purpose we will give an overview of literature on reasons of migration turnaround and provide a deeper case analysis of one country - Estonia. In Estonia internal migration ? rst turned in favour of rural areas in 1983. The trends of deconcentration continued and rural population increased at the expense of urban population at least until the end of the 1990s. The Retrospective Estonian Living Conditions Survey of 1999 is used to analyze the possible changes in reasons for migration turnaround. That survey provides a unique opportunity for comparing reasons of migration during periods of concentration and deconcentration. In the empirical part of this paper deconcentration will be de? ned as an out? ow of population from administrative town borders into rural areas. We will not distinguish between particular types of deconcentration for practical reasons of data limitation. We are particularly interested in migration because migration seems to be the most important factor contributing to quick population changes.

scholarly journals Oral Health Practices And Status Of 12-Year-Old Pupils In The Western Region Of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Michael Agbor ◽  
Thwanche Raissa Kuimo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Deciduous Molars

Dental caries, though common, presents with considerable variation in occurrence between countries, regions within countries, areas within regions, and among social and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to describe the oral health status and practices of primary school children in the western region of Cameroon. This was a comparative descriptive cross sectional study took place in April to October 2018 in primary schools located in three localities (Urban, semi urban and rural) of the West region of Cameroon using a multistage random (cluster) sampling technique. There were a predominance of female pupils 265(54.9 %) than males 218 (45.1 %) and 411 (85.1 %) of the pupils had toothbrushes with the majority from urban areas 142 (94.7%). The frequency of brushing was higher in urban than the semi-urban and rural areas and 212 (50.5) of them brushed teeth once a day and nearly half 184 (43.8) twice daily. More than half 238 (56.7) of the children brush before breakfast wake up  less than half brush  176 (42%) brush after supper.  Two third 280(66.8%) of the children brush their teeth with toothbrush and without toothpaste 54(39.4%) was higher in rural areas. Wood ash 7 (5.1%), soap 4(2.9%) and chewing sticks 3(2, 2%) were most frequently used for brushing in rural areas. The majority 395 (82 %) of the children had plaque, 73(15.1 %) presented with dental mal positions, 341 (70.6 %) with bleeding gums and 223 (46.2 %) had calculus which was predominant in lower incisors. The prevalence of dental caries in the entire population was 28.1%.The majority of pupils 346 (71.6 %) were caries free and 01 (0.2 %) had a missing tooth due to decay. None of the children presented with filled teeth. The mean DMFT was higher in the rural (0.39) as compared to the semi urban (0.18) and the urban (0.09) respectively. The mean DMFT index of the entire population was 0.28 while 135(27.9%) of the pupils presented with enamel caries which was predominant in the first permanent molar, 19 (47.2%) presented with deep caries mostly in the second deciduous molars and 8 (22.5%) presented with enamel caries on the second deciduous molars. Dental trauma 12 (2.5%) was mostly found in the upper central incisors. More than a third 61(36.1%) of the pupils who presented with gingivitis were from rural areas,43(25,4%) from semi urban, and 40(26.7%) from urban areas. Almost all the children who lived in semi-urban 157(92.9%) and in urban areas 150 (78.7%) consumed cariogenic diets. A third of the children who ate in-between meals lived in urban areas149 (34.2%) while 123 (72.8%) of the children in semi-urban areas were conscious of their oral hygiene, and 61 (37.2%) of the children’s food are controlled by the parents. Only 37 (7.7 %) of the children have done have ever been to a dentist. The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and other orofacial lesions in the western region of Cameroon was low. Dental caries was found to be higher in rural and urban areas. Collaboration between the ministries of health and basic education is necessary as a measure to institute oral health education in primary schools. This will go a long way to reduce inequalities in oral health by improving in the oral practices.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Government Policies in Controlling COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH PANDEY ◽  
Nitin Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The People

<p>The purpose of this study is to find the demographic factors which are responsible for the spread of COVID-19 and to suggest a measure to identify the effectiveness of government policies in controlling COVID-19. The study hypothesises that the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients depends on the urban population, rural population, number of persons aged more than fifty, the population density and poverty rate in the state. A log-linear model is used to test the stated hypothesis, with the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 patients up to period as a dependent variable and demographic factors as an independent variable. The regression result shows that out of the selected variables, only the urban population significantly impacts the total number of patients tested positive for COVID-19. Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other had the demographic factors like rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus the people residing in the urban areas face a more significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to the people in rural areas. The study identifies the Indian states which need greater effectiveness in the implementation of pandemic control policies. Our study finds that the urban population significantly impacts the spread of COVID-19. On the other had the demographic factors like rural population, density, and age structure do not impact the spread of COVID-19 significantly. Thus the people residing in the urban areas face a more significant threat of COVID-19 as compared to the people in rural areas. The study identifies the Indian states which need greater effectiveness in the implementation of pandemic control policies.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document