scholarly journals Structural shifts: impact on productivity and growth of Ukraine's economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Inna Shovkun ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The World ◽  
Structural Shifts

The leading feature of the modern world has been the deep structural shifts caused by radical transformations of its industrial landscape. The corresponding transformations were caused by changes in the internal structure of national industrial sectors and were based on the technologies of the "fourth industrial revolution", whose emergence gave additional impetus to the structural transformation of the world economy, intensifying competition in global markets. The Covid crisis was a catalyst for accelerating changes in the intersectoral proportions of the world economy, complicating the existing structural problems. The study shows that the key feature of the model of structural changes that occurred in Ukraine's economy after the global financial crisis was the accelerated reduction of the industrial sector, especially the loss of potential of the processing industry, its technological simplification and narrowing the variety of industries. This was accompanied by increased dominance of the tertiary sector and the growth of the primary sector. Excessive share in the structure of production is occupied by industries, whose mode of reproduction is able to generate only relatively low rates of economic growth (mining and related industries of primary processing in industry and agriculture). Such a trend of structural shifts is not able to generate the necessary boost of economic growth, and much less so as it is burdened by the risks of deepening structural inconsistency of Ukraine’s economy with the cardinal changes taking place in the world economy. Comparison of parameters and trends of structural changes in Ukraine’s economy and in a comparable group of countries and the world as a whole shows that the changes in the structure of Ukraine’s economy were much higher, but did not create sufficient potential for sustainable economic growth. The author analyzes the gaps in labor productivity between economic activities and sectors of Ukraine’s economy, as well as changes in their dynamics, which leads to the conclusions about the relationship between the rates of technological development of different sectors of Ukraine’s economy and the gradual slowdown of the already imperfect technological development of this country’s industry with further loss of competitiveness. Estimated the degree of influence of such factors as investments and technological innovations, as well as shifts in the structure of employment on the increase of labor productivity in Ukraine’s economy. Using the apparatus of econometric modeling, the author evaluates the dependence of the dynamics of GDP growth on the change of the indices of the physical volume of GVA in the sectors of this country’s economy.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR OF ACCELERATING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
E.B. LENCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The article deals with the modern processes of changing the technological basis of the world economy on the basis of large-scale transition to the use of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, shaping new markets and opens up prospects for sustainable economic growth. It is in the scientific and technological sphere that the competition between countries is shifting. Russia remains nearly invisible player in this field. The author tried to consider the main reasons for such a lag and identify a set of measures of state scientific and technological policy that can give the necessary impetus to the scientific and technological development of Russia.

scholarly journals Structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Mironov ◽  
Liudmila D. Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Preliminary Version ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

The article considers the problem of the relationship of structural changes and economic growth in the global economy and Russia in the framework of different methodological approaches. At the same time, the paper provides the analysis of complementarity of economic policy types, which, on the one hand, are aimed at developing the fundamentals of GDP growth (institutions, human capital and macroeconomic stabilization), and on the other hand, at initiating growth (with stable fundamentals) with the help of structural policy measures. In the study of structural changes in the global economy, new forms of policies of this kind have been revealed, in particular aimed at identifying sectors — drivers of economic growth based on a portfolio approach. In a given paper a preliminary version of the model of the Russian economy is provided, using a multisector version of the Thirlwall’s Law. Besides, the authors highlight a number of target parameters of indicators of competitiveness of the sectors of the Russian economy that allow us to expect its growth rate to accelerate above the exogenously given growth rate of the world economy.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE LARGE AND SMALL-SCALE ECONOMIES AND THE ROLE OF RESOURCES IN CONVERSION OF ENERGY-ORIENTED TO INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMY

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
The World

The article deals with the economic growth in different scale economies, namely, resource-abundant and resource–driven countries and chances for the conversion of the latter into the knowledge-based mode of development. The paper deals with two problems 1) economic growth in different groups of the small-scale countries of the world economy through the estimate of the historical context ; 2) dynamics of the assessment in small and large transit economies.The goal of the article is to promote the idea of the resource-rich economies which find themselves at different stages of overcoming transitivity from the curse to the blessing type of economic growth. The hypothesis of the article is that sustainable economic development and continuous economic growth in transit economies could be achieved by means of the formation of the rent capitalism model in the large resource-rich countries. The methods used in the article are analysissynthesis, historical and logical methods of investigation, methods of international comparisons. The main conclusion of the article is that due to the formation of rent capitalism model growing gigantic countries play a predominant role in the world economy and in the global financial markets gaining the role of the savior during the expansion of the global financial crisis.

scholarly journals New trends in the development of the world economy in view of the effects of the emerged crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Nosachevskaya ◽  
◽  
Lyubov Afanasyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
System Approach ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The paper deals with measures taken in different countries in order to mitigate the consequences of the economic recession. The authors of the paper have characterized their impact on the transformation of the paradigm of the development of both the world and national economies, taking into account the trends relating to the technology shift. Attention is drawn to the possibility of ensuring a fundamentally new quality of economic growth of the world economy based on digitalization, technological breakthroughs and a system approach to ensuring a balanced spatial development of territories. The authors have substantiated national priorities in the development of socio-economic measures aimed not only at the recovery of the world and national economies from the crisis, but also at ensuring further growth. A set of recommendations aimed at enhanced development of economic processes has been determined; these recommendations are based on international experience in overcoming crises, including those caused by sharp changes in the pace of scientific and technological development as well as the results of the implementation of government measures taken to support enterprises in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.

On the relationship of structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Mironov ◽  
I. D. Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Preliminary Version ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the relationship between structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia. The authors note the emergence of a growth model in the world economy based on the complementarity of economic policies aimed, on the one hand, at the development of fundamental foundations of economic growth (institutions, human capital, infrastructure, macroeconomic stabilization), and, on the other hand, at initiating growth through structural reforms (even under stable foundations). Analyzing the trends of structural changes in the world economy, the authors consider new forms of structural policy, in particular, the ones oriented at the issue of identification of sectors — potential drivers of economic growth using the portfolio approach. A preliminary version of the model of Russian economy based on the multi-sector variety of the Thirlwall’s law is presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Structural changes of world industry in post-industrial society and structural shifts in the world high-tech production allocation

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Irina Rodionova ◽  
Tatiana Kokuytseva
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Great Chance ◽  
The World ◽  
Manufacturing Location ◽  
Structural Shifts

This research is dedicated to the characteristic of structural spatial shifts of the world manufacturing industry. These trends have conduced to the restructuring of the world economy and main shifts in the manufacturing locations both at regional and global levels. On the one hand, countries have got a great chance to develop and to become active players in the world economy. On the other hand, those that fell behind the scientific and technological revolution, which started in the second part of the 20th century, and did not do their best to create new high technologies (or just did not have such opportunities because of a low level of development, illiteracy or people poorness) turned out to be behind global leading economies. Structural shifts both in manufacturing location and in industrial composition occur very quickly in the recent decades. There have been shifts in the HT-industry composition. The shift to developing Asian countries is fixed and there are some reasons for that. That is why the theme chosen for this paper is not very researched and rather burning. Moreover, it has practical importance for Russia, which in the current financial crisis once again has faced a choice to define the strategy of its further development.

scholarly journals WORLD EXPERIENCE OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE STRUCTURAL POLICY: MODELS AND TRENDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Structural Policy ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the formation and implementation of state structural policy, which is closely linked to economic growth and development of the economy as a whole. Economic growth must be sustainable and long-lasting, which requires a combination of all types and instruments of structural policy, depending on the time period and level of functioning of the economy. Due to structural changes, low-income countries can bridge the gap and catch up with highly developed countries. This relationship is not absolute, the intensity of structural change can be both a consequence and a cause of economic growth. At the same time, all significant and long periods of rapid economic growth after the Second World War, as a rule, took place against the background of pronounced structural reforms within national economies. Due to which these countries demonstrated «economic miracles». Highlighting the main trends of structural reforms in the world economy is important primarily in terms of developing an effective structural policy in Ukraine. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, grouping and classification, comparison. The content of structural policy has been clarified by domestic and foreign scholars. It is established that the concepts of structural and industrial policy are either identified or there is no clear demarcation line between them. The tools of vertical, horizontal and matrix structural policy are highlighted. American, Japanese and European models of structural policy on the example of the USA, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain are considered. The structural policy of these countries is formed as a result of applying an integrated approach to its priority areas and the mechanism of its implementation. It has an internal integrative form, which is manifested in the constant increase in the level of interaction with other areas of economic policy, thus creating a synergistic effect of economic development as a whole. The general tendency of structural changes in the world economy is revealed – growth of a share of sphere of services at preservation of rather stable share of the processing industry. Together, they are seen as drivers of economic growth. Adaptive elements of implementation of world experience in "design" of structural policy of Ukraine are offered.

scholarly journals DIGITAL CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
V. S. Shiplyuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of digital technologies on the transformation of production processes, in order to overcome the slowdown of economic growth and increase productivity. The analysis of dynamics of labor productivity and sources of its growth has been carried out; the conclusion has been made that in the next decade the increase of both labor productivity and economic growth will be provided due to the introduction of digital technologies. The types of digital technologies, which influence different spheres of society life and form the digital economy, are considered. Two approaches to understanding the category of "digital economy" have been identified, its content has been considered and its place in the model of the world economy has been defined. The analysis of indicators characterizing the contribution of digital technologies to economic growth is conducted. It is established that introduction of digital technologies leads to increase of labour productivity, competitiveness and capitalization, improvement of quality of life, formation of new markets, increase of safety and in the end provides economic growth.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SOME MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS (INNOVATION, R&D, FDI) AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE INCREASE OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Marina Popa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
National Economies

The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between some macroeconomic indicators for labor productivity growth. In conditions of the current metamorphosis of the national economy, the identification of factors that contribute to the increase of labor productivity becomes a necessity for the survival of countries on the regional and world scale. The knowledge about these factors and their strategic combination contribute to the increase of productivity, of innovative business, which directly leads to the enhancement of well-being in the world economy. Economic growth in the countries of the world is directly proportional to the labor productivity equation, which is dependent on the number of unknowns expressed by its determinants. From this perspective, the author addresses the aspect of economic growth and the heterogeneity of the factors of increasing labor productivity in both national and global economies using the statistical method of correlating factors. The results of the study showed that investment, export, research, and development are factors that have a direct impact on economic growth, thus being possible to establish the strategies that are effective in the development of various national economies.

Actual Problems of Economic Policy

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
Effective Integration

At present Russia faces the task of great importance - effective integration into the world economy. The success of this process largely depends on the strength of the domestic economy and stable economic growth. To attain such a goal certain changes in economic approaches are required which imply more active, focused and concerted steps in the monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policy.

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