scholarly journals Genesis of corporations in the liberal model of market economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Tetiana Slyvka ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Impact

The article is concerned with studying of the history of corporations and the evolution of scientific and theoretical justification of the activities in corporate sector, the effective corporations’ structure and their importance for society and economy. The author emphasizes the importance of corporations in the economy in the context of interaction between state and market. The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of theoretical approaches to determining the place of the corporate sector in the liberal model of market economy. The methods of comparative studies and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. Based on the historical and economic generalization of corporate sector’s activities in the twentieth century, the main stages of evolution of the importance of corporations in the economy are determined. The results of the study give a description of the main stages of formation of corporations during which their role in the economy evolved in response to changes in the economic environment. The dual nature of the influence of corporations on economy and society in a free market is determined, which consists in ensuring economic growth and accelerating technological progress as opposed to the negative effects of monopoly. It is established that the need to minimize the impact of destructive factors and strengthen the driving factors of the corporate sector contributed to changes in the relationship between state and market with the strengthening of state regulation of the economy. The results of research are important for understanding the need to create such conditions for the functioning of the corporate sector, which would ensure the most efficient use of corporate opportunities for society.

scholarly journals Terror and Insecurity: The Impact of Boko Haram Crisis on Nigeria’s External Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebowale Adeyemi-Suenu
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategic Logic

The use of terror as a ratio for resolving internal fundamental differences is not uncommon in neo-colonial societies. This is not saying that flashes of same are not recogn ised in the developed environment. The prevalence of this alternative appears as old as the political history of Nigeria. This work underscores the theoretical and historical basis of rebellion in Nigeria primarily focusing on the rise, fundamental philosophy and the vision of the Boko Haramists. The central thesis of this work is that Boko Haram activities have negative effects on Nigeria’s external image and fundamentally, it exposes the nature and dynamics of Nigeria’s security problems. The work contributes in part to the literature on this issue but significantly, it situates the problems within strategic logic which amplifies the degeneration of the problems and the incessant rebellion against the Nigerian State.

scholarly journals What Kind Of Capitalism For Azerbaijan? A Comparative Analysis From Economic View

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ayhan Guney ◽  
Ilkin M. Sabiroglu ◽  
Cihan Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historical Periods

Every country has experienced various capital accumulation processes due to their own specific conditions. Differences in these conditions have ensured various countries to enter the process of economic development in dissimilar historical periods. Due to the central characteristics of the previous command economic system and the impact of powerful heritage from the USSR on the bureaucratic administration, Azerbaijan is still having difficulties in transitioning to a free-market economy. Today, the transition to an open market economy for Azerbaijan is not completely realized. This research attempts to investigate the major factors of the formation process of the capitalist economic structure in Azerbaijan before and after the demise of the Soviet Union.It focused on the fundamental role of oil and relatively, the agricultural sector and also looked into the types of capitalism the country is currently experiencing based upon certain criteria and statistical indicators.

scholarly journals Social Frontiers: Estimating the Spatial Boundaries Between Residential Groups and Their Impacts on Crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Ivana Křížková ◽  
Meng Le Zhang ◽  
Dan Olner ◽  
Gwilym Pryce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInthischapter, we highlight the importance of social frontiers—sharp spatial divisions in the residential make-up of adjacent communities—as a potentially important form of segregation. The handful of studies estimating the impacts of social frontiers have been based in the USA and the UK, both of which are free-market democracies with a long history of immigration, ethnic mix and segregation. There are currently no studies of social frontiers in former socialist countries, for example, or in countries where immigration and ethnic mix are only a recent phenomenon or non-existent. This chapter aims to address this research gap by estimating the impacts of social frontiers on crime rates in a post-socialistcountry, Czechia. We demonstrate how a Bayesianspatial conditional autoregressive estimation can be used to detect social frontiers in this setting, and we use a fixed effect quasi-Poisson model to investigate the impact on crime. Our results suggest that in new immigration destinations, social frontiers may not be associated with higher rates of crime, at least in the short run. Moreover, our use of cultural distance measures helps to promote a more nuanced approach to studying the impact of segregation and highlights the role of cultural diversity in understanding the link between immigrant segregation and crime. We reflect on how this approach could contribute to the study of segregation and inequality in the Chinese context.

The Avant-Garde of System-Cybernetic Governmentality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Rindzevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The West ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Complex Question

This epilogue addresses the complex question of the link between system-cybernetic governmentality and the neoliberal transformation of post-Soviet Russia. Although the system-cybernetic governmentality and economic neoliberalism did not share institutional origins, they were linked during the post-Soviet transformation as a result of historical momentum: the members of the Soviet systems approach community were best positioned to conduct the transfer of the models of the market economy from the West at a time when neoliberal ideas on the free market economy were gaining popularity. However, this should not mean that the pre-1980 history of system-cybernetic governmentality should be tainted as neoliberal; rather, this reveals the extent to which scientific governance can be appropriated by different economic and political regimes. If anything, the pre-1980 history of system-cybernetic governmentality is a history of a rather liberal governmental technology, underscoring the conditions of autonomy, self-regulation, and government at a distance.

Religious Economies and Religious Mobility

2016 ◽  
pp. 292-327
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Economies ◽  
Religious Economy

Religious economies are a novel idea with potential application in a free market economy. They bring the idea of the existence of the supernatural and concern with ultimate meanings, so ubiquitous to religions, in touch with the multiplicity of paths available to us. In Islamic Sufism, there are as many paths to God as there are individuals. A situation in which people could compare and evaluate religions, regarding them as a matter of choice, can best described as a religious economy. Just as commercial economies consist of a market in which different firms compete, religious economies consist of a market (the aggregate demand for religion) and firms (different religious organizations) seeking to attract and hold clienteles. Just as commercial economies must deal with state regulations, religious economies' key issue is the degree to which they are regulated by the state. From Stark's viewpoint, the natural state of a religious economy is religious pluralism, wherein many religious “firms” exist because of their special appeal to certain segments of the market or the population. However, just as there is incentive for a commercial organization to monopolize the market to maximize its profit, it is always in the interest of any particular religious organization to secure a monopoly, maintain its followers, and expand into new interest groups. This can be achieved, (and even then to a very limited extent) only if the state forcibly excludes competing faiths (Stark, 2001). The building blocks of Stark's ideas are the assumption of a free market, a market economy, and the key issue of rational choice theory, hand in hand with American Pragmatism. As with the history of religions, which are not and have not been free from contest and cooperation, similarities, and differences, so religious economies have not been and are not easily shaped without considering forces from within and among different economies. Religious actions, reactions, and interactions in monotheism, diversity of textual interpretations, the growth of intellectualism or counter-intellectualism, human perception of transcendence and the sacred, as well as the realities of everyday life, all imply that the idea of religious economies needs more exploration. Christianity and Islam, one dominating the West and the other the East and Africa, offer the instances of two massive markets. Each religion has more than a billion adherents and a history of sharing the monotheistic market. Both religions, in spite of Islamophobia in the West, have formed and will participate in the decline, incline, or stability of the market. This subject is timely in light of the political movements in the Middle East and monolithic misconception of Islam.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Albanian Constitution

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Ilda Jeha ◽  
Ylli Cabiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Democratic Constitution ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Abstract The history of Albanian Constitutions dates back in April 1914 with the Statute of Albania drafted by a National Committee of that time. The new Albanian Constitution was adopted by the Parliament 18 years ago and confirmed by a Referendum1, becoming the first democratic Constitution following political changes in Albania. After 1991, the stature of Albania changed significantly and the country managed to build new democratic institutions, advanced in establishing a market economy and ensuring human rights, and made important steps towards integration in Euro-Atlantic institutions. In this context, constitutional changes were normal, despite the overall misperception that the Constitution is a document that must not be amended. So, a provisional package of amendments was drafted to avoid obstacles along the way, and a new Constitution was adopted in 1998, later on amended in 2012 and 2016. Analysis of such amendments points out some problems. What should be the procedure for constitutional changes? Parliamentary vote or referendum? In this view, the 2012 constitutional changes - albeit hasty - did not affect the backbone of the document and could be introduced without a referendum, simply with a parliamentary adoption, as was the case. In contrast, the 2016 amendments were adopted unanimously, but they affected the backbone of the Constitution and therefore a referendum should have been called. Should the impact of such amendments be measured? This is another important issue that is not considered actually. But, in our opinion, monitoring any amendments by the Parliament or the President of the Republic is to the benefit of democratic developments and serves any further intentions for constitutional changes. We believe that the Constitution should clearly prescribe the procedure for constitutional changes to save them from becoming a pawn of momentary political interests.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE BETTING INDUSTRY ON SPORTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13(62) (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
I. TURCU ◽  
G.B. BURCEA ◽  
D.L. DIACONESCU
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Online Betting ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact

Sports betting is the oldest form of gambling in the world. In the beginning, it was simply a leisure activity. We are currently talking about a multi-billion-euro deal. The sports betting industry has changed more in 15 years than in the last 50 years. In the 1950s, sports betting began to enter the world and almost nothing changed until the beginning of the 21st century. However, with the onset of the new millennium, online betting has changed the landscape dramatically, and is now developing at a fast pace than ever before. The future is always unpredictable, but we will try to imagine it based on current trends in sports betting. The paper "The impact of the betting industry on sports" aims to present a series of aspects regarding the history of sports games, the types of sports games existing today, a brief highlight of the Romanian sports games market and a short presentation of the positive and negative effects on sports.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF INVESTMENT INTERMEDIARIES ON THE CORPORATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

Ekonomika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Oksana Zhylinska ◽  
Olena Bazhenova ◽  
Anna Bukalo
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Econometric Modeling ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

As the world experience shows, countries with the developed market economy are characterized by a high level of investment intermediation, as well as by an effective cooperation and interdependence of investors and corporations. The practice of domestic corporations shows also the objective dependence of the development level of intermediation and corporate sector that is stipulated. So in this study, the impact of investment intermediaries on the corporate sector development was estimated on the basis of econometric modeling. The result of the research is a proof of investment intermediaries operation in the domestic corporate sector that generally requires finding the way to increase the impact of their activities on the development level of the corporate sector. Investment intermediators’ activation opportunities as to corporate sector investments with some challenges are shown in their investments into the Ukrainian corporate sector.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF AZERBAIJAN'S EXPORT POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Ayten Mekhraliyeva Ayten Mekhraliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important factors in the formation and development of a market economy, supporting the domestic market. It can solve social problems along with the solution of an important socio-political task - the formation of the middle class, the strengthening of democracy and social institutions, small business. In modern conditions, the intensification of state regulation and the promotion of the development of entrepreneurship, the organizational forms of interaction of government agencies with private entrepreneurship are changing. During this work, there are significant changes in the goals, mechanisms, management apparatus in the combination of state and market regulatory mechanisms, which is necessary to talk about the importance of the analysis of the structure of activities. In order to accelerate the pace of economic development in Azerbaijan, to apply the improved features of the market economy, the importance of free entrepreneurship, especially innovative entrepreneurship in accordance with the requirements of the time, is very high. Because innovative entrepreneurship allows to increase low production capacity and product quality. The goals and objectives of the research are to study the specifics of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Azerbaijan, to identify their origin, principles of operation, and their specific features. It is also the subject of research to determine the main directions of export activities of business entities and their impact on foreign economic activity, the volume of import-export operations and trade turnover of the country. Keywords: entrepreneurship activity, Azerbaijan’s export policy, economic development, SME, market economy,

scholarly journals Vintage Design Furniture in Albania, a New Retro Design Paradigm in the Post-Communist Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Erida Curraj
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
The Impact

The dynamics of the Albanian market in lieu of the multifaceted transformations following the collapse of the communist regime and moving towards the accession processes in the European Union as well as the demographics of the Albanian society as a whole, deeply impact the ways in which furniture products are designed, development and produced. This paper draws from my doctoral study which explored the transformation of furniture products from communism to post-communism. The doctoral study confirmed that: the impact of moving from mass production in a centralized economy to free mass customization in market economy has not radically transformed the fundamental properties of furniture but has affected the design, development, delivery and materiality of products. In this light, this paper will zoom into the furniture designs during post communism in Albania by exploring two principle paradigms vintage and retro. First this paper argues that furniture design and production in the centralized economy, are introduced within the vintage paradigm in post-communist. The data collecting through observation demonstrate a high level of interest for the retro design in a free market economy. As the result the paper suggest the local actors, businesses and academia to use and persist nostalgia and retro design in furniture and their component.

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