Conjugativity of magnetic substorms within middle latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
L.N. Yaremenko ◽  
◽  
T.A. Mozgovaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Climatology of quasi-2-day wave structure and variability at middle latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres

2021 ◽  
pp. 105690
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Iimura ◽  
David C. Fritts ◽  
Ruth S. Lieberman ◽  
Diego Janches ◽  
Nicholas J. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Structure ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

scholarly journals North-south asymmetry of geomagnetic activity and solar wind electric field

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Георгий Макаров ◽  
Georgy Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
South Asymmetry ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Geomagnetic activity asymmetry in the Northern and Southern hemispheres is studied. It is shown that the higher is the level of magnetic activity the greater is the asymmetry. It is found that the asymmetry in the hemispheres manifests itself in the 06–18-hour component of magnetic activity diurnal variation, while the asymmetry in the 00–12-hourly component is completely absent. The cause of geomagnetic north-south asymmetry is supposed to be meridional Pedersen current between high and middle latitudes in the ionosphere. A qualitative model of formation of asymmetry connected with the solar wind electric field is proposed.

Carboniferous macrofloral biostratigraphy – an overview

2020 ◽  
pp. SP512-2020-97
Author(s):  
Stanislav Opluštil ◽  
Christopher J. Cleal ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Mingli Wan
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

AbstractIn the Carboniferous, terrestrial vegetation became widespread, diverse and abundant. The resulting fossil record has proved to be an effective biostratigraphic tool for intra- and interbasinal correlations. Besides palaeogeographic configurations, Carboniferous plant biostratigraphy is affected by a transition from greenhouse conditions during most of the Mississippian to an icehouse climate in the Pennsylvanian. The greenhouse Mississippian climate resulted in weak provincialism, with a cosmopolitan flora ranging from the tropics to middle latitudes. The global cooling around the Mississippian - Pennsylvanian boundary enhanced development of a latitudinal climatic zonation and related floral provincialism. These changes are expressed in the recognition of distinct realms or kingdoms, where the tropical Amerosinian Realm (or Euramerican and Cathaysian realms) is surrounded by the Angaran and Gondwanan realms occupying middle to high latitude of the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Floristic endemism in the Pennsylvanian precludes development of a global macrofloral biostratigraphy. Instead, each realm or area has its own biostratigraphic scheme. Poorer and less diverse floras of the Gondwanan and Angaran realms resulted in the establishment of relatively low-resolution macrofloral biostratigraphic schemes. Higher resolution macrofloral zonations exist only in the tropical Amerosinian Realm due to diverse and abundant floras dominated by free-sporing and early seed plants occupying extensive wetlands.

scholarly journals Montreal Protocol benefits simulated with CCM SOCOL

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 17001-17030 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Egorova ◽  
E. Rozanov ◽  
J. Gröbner ◽  
M. Hauser ◽  
W. Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract. Ozone depletion is caused by the anthropogenic increase of halogen containing species in the atmosphere, which results in the enhancement of the concentration of reactive chlorine and bromine in the stratosphere. To reduce the influence of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS), the Montreal Protocol was agreed by Governments in 1987, with several Amendments adopted later. In order to assess the benefits of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments (MPA) on ozone and UV radiation, two different runs of the chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL have been carried out. The first run was driven by the emission of ozone depleting substances (ODS) prescribed according to the restrictions of the Montreal Protocol and all its Amendments. For the second run we allow the ODS to grow by 3% annually. We find that the MPA would have saved up to 80% of the global annual total ozone by the end of the 21st century. Our calculations also show substantial changes in surface temperature and precipitations that could occur in the world without MPA implementations. To illustrate the changes in UV radiation at the surface and to emphasize certain features which can only be seen for some particular regions if the influence of the cloud cover changes is accounted for, we calculate geographical distribution of the erythemally weighted irradiance (Eery). For the no Montreal Protocol simulation Eery increases by factor of 4 to 16 between the 1970s and 2100. For the scenario including the Montreal Protocol it is found that UV radiation starts to decrease in 2000, with continuous decline of 5% to 10% at middle latitudes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

scholarly journals Montreal Protocol Benefits simulated with CCM SOCOL

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3811-3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Egorova ◽  
E. Rozanov ◽  
J. Gröbner ◽  
M. Hauser ◽  
W. Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Stratospheric Circulation ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract. Ozone depletion is caused by the anthropogenic increase of halogen-containing species in the atmosphere, which results in the enhancement of the concentration of reactive chlorine and bromine in the stratosphere. To reduce the influence of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS), the Montreal Protocol was agreed by Governments in 1987, with several Amendments and Adjustments adopted later. In order to assess the benefits of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments (MPA) on ozone and UV radiation, two different runs of the chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL have been carried out. The first run was driven by the emission of ozone depleting substances (ODS) prescribed according to the restrictions of the MPA. For the second run we allow the ODS to grow by 3% annually. We find that the MPA would have saved up to 80% of the global annual total ozone by the end of the 21st century. Our calculations also show substantial changes of the stratospheric circulation pattern as well as in surface temperature and precipitations that could occur in the world without MPA implementations. To illustrate the changes in UV radiation at the surface and to emphasise certain features, which can only be seen for some particular regions if the influence of the cloud cover changes is accounted for, we calculate geographical distribution of the erythemally weighted irradiance (Eery). For the no Montreal Protocol simulation Eery increases by factor of 4 to 16 between the 1970s and 2100. For the scenario including the Montreal Protocol it is found that UV radiation starts to decrease in 2000, with continuous decline of 5% to 10% at middle latitudes in the both Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

scholarly journals Measurement of geomagnetically induced current (GIC) around Tokyo, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Watari ◽  
Satoko Nakamura ◽  
Yusuke Ebihara
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Geomagnetic Variation ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Current ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Sudden Commencements

AbstractWe need a typical method of directly measuring geomagnetically induced current (GIC) to compare data for estimating a potential risk of power grids caused by GIC. Here, we overview GIC measurement systems that have appeared in published papers, note necessary requirements, report on our equipment, and show several examples of our measurements in substations around Tokyo, Japan. Although they are located at middle latitudes, GICs associated with various geomagnetic disturbances are observed, such as storm sudden commencements (SSCs) or sudden impulses (SIs) caused by interplanetary shocks, geomagnetic storms including a storm caused by abrupt southward turning of strong interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) associated with a magnetic cloud, bay disturbances caused by high-latitude aurora activities, and geomagnetic variation caused by a solar flare called the solar flare effect (SFE). All these results suggest that GIC at middle latitudes is sensitive to the magnetospheric current (the magnetopause current, the ring current, and the field-aligned current) and also the ionospheric current.

scholarly journals Applications and Development of LEDs as Supplementary Lighting for Tomato at Different Latitudes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa ◽  
Marco Antonio Pantaleo ◽  
Pietro Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

High-tech greenhouses and artificial light applications aim to improve food production, in line with one of the sustainable development goals of the UN Agenda 2030, namely, “zero hunger”. In the past, the incandescent lamps have been used for supplementary lighting (SL) at higher latitudes to increase greenhouse production during the dark season. Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been replacing gas discharge and incandescent lamps, and their development is expanding SL applications in different agricultural scenarios (e.g., urban farming, middle latitudes). In fact, recent research on LED applications in Mediterranean greenhouses have produced encouraging results. Since middle latitudes have a higher daily light integral (DLI) than higher latitudes in the dark season and climate conditions influence the installed power load of greenhouses, LED installation and management in Mediterranean greenhouses should be different and less expensive in terms of investment and energy consumption. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to outline the state of the art in LED applications and development, with a focus on latitude-related requirements. Tomato was used as a representative crop.

scholarly journals Carbon-14 in the Southern Indian Ocean

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette Delibrias
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean

14C measurements were carried out on sea water samples collected in 1973, in the Indian ocean. The results obtained for 9 vertical profiles between 27° S and 48°S are presented. In surface water, the bomb 14C content is maximum at middle latitudes. A time lag relative to the north hemisphere bomb 14C delivery is apparent. In the more southern latitudes, 14C content remains very low.

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