scholarly journals The Modelling of Power System of Ukraine Development for Assessment of Nationally Determined Contribution of Ukraine to the Paris Agreement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
B.A. Kostyukovskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Modeling Tool ◽  
Ghg Reduction

Ukraine is obligated to adopt Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement (NDC2) in 2021 for a period up to 2030 as a percent of 1990, requiring correct projection of green-houses gases (GHG) emissions first of all in key categories, one of that is heat and electricity production by thermal power plants (TPP) and combined heat and electricity production (CHP) which are burning organic fuel. The Ministry of environment protection and natural resources of Ukraine (MEP) proposed GHG reduction of 65% compared to 1990 which is about 3.2% lower compared to 2018, and there is a very ambitious goal taking into account desired rapid Ukrainian economic growth. To assess the reliability of this proposal the appropriate modeling GHG emission reduction from TPP and CHP was made and presented in the article. The modelling was made taking into account methodological approaches of TIMES-Ukraine modeling system, which is the basic tool for assessment of GHG reduction potential in Ukraine for MEP, and also alternative one used in BACS-RVE modeling tool, which was used for calculations for "Generation Adequacy report" which was developed by Ukrainian transmission system operator "Ukrenergo". The analysis of the modeling results showed that neglecting in the methodology used in TIMES-Ukraine the operation modes of generation and required levels of power grid balance reliability indicators does not allow fully adequately project power system development. The modeling results using BACS-RVE modeling tool showed that the reference case scenario of generation development (according to the TIMES-Ukraine) could be feasible under the condition that GHG emission tax should not be less than 100 EUR per tonne of CO2eqv, and potentially will cause the increase of electricity price. Another important result obtained using BACS-RVE is that GHG emission level for 2030 is higher compared to the reference case scenario, hence additional modeling and discussion of results are required to ensure well-grounded GHG emission projection which will allow reviewing NDC obligation for the power sector of Ukraine. Keywords: power system, greenhouse gases, modeling, load profiles, grid balance reliability

scholarly journals Why did President Donald Trump Withdraw from the Paris Agreement on Global Climate Change?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Production Processes

The Paris Agreement on combating global climate change expresses the consensus of almost all countries in the world on the awareness of the unpredictable dangers of global climate change. We all have to work together to execute the necessary solutions to fight global climate change. Human-induced CO2 is a fundamental part of the global greenhouse effect, so must be handling sources of CO2 emissions into the earth’s atmosphere. From electricity production processes using fossil fuels releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment, which is the main reason for global climate change. In the meantime, until now, people have not had effective solutions to thoroughly treat industrial emissions. Therefore, we must quickly eliminate all thermal power plants with fossil fuels, and must quickly deploy renewable energy production processes.

scholarly journals STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THERMAL POWER GENERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE’S COURSE ON CARBON-FREE ENERGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
M.V. Cherniavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power Generation

The structure of electricity cost formation for consumers, including depending on the cost of TPP generation, «green» energy and other sources, is investigated, and the main conditions of the efficient regulatory function fulfillment in the power system by thermal power generation in the conditions of Ukraine's course on carbon-free energy are formulated. It is shown that excessive electricity losses in networks and, especially, accelerated increase of the share of «green» generation, much more expensive than nuclear, hydro and thermal, mainly contribute to the growth of electricity costs for non-household consumers and the need to raise tariffs for the population. This accelerated increase directly contradicts the Paris Climate Agreement, according to which plans to reduce Ukraine’s greenhouse gas emissions must be developed taking into account available energy resources and without harming its own economy. The dependences of the specific fuel consumption on the average load and the frequency of start-stops of units are found and it is shown that the increased specific fuel consumption on coal TPPs is an inevitable payment for their use as regulating capacities of UES of Ukraine. In this case, the higher the proportion of «green» generation and a smaller proportion of generating thermal power plants, especially increasing specific fuel consumption. It is proved that in the conditions of growth of the share of «green» generation in Ukraine the share of production of pulverized coal thermal power plants should be kept at the level of not less than 30 % of the total electricity generation. It is substantiated that a necessary condition for coal generation to perform a proper regulatory role in the power system is to introduce both environmental and technical measures, namely — reducing the suction of cold air to the furnace and other boiler elements, restoring condensers and cooling systems, etc. An important factor in reducing the average level of specific fuel consumption is also the reduction of coal burn-out at thermal power plants, where it still remains significant, due to the transfer of power units to the combustion of bituminous coal concentrate. Bibl. 12, Fig. 5, Tab. 5.

scholarly journals Short–Term Planning of Hybrid Power System

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Knežević ◽  
Zoran Baus ◽  
Srete Nikolovski
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hybrid Power System ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Pumped Storage

Abstract In this paper short-term planning algorithm for hybrid power system consist of different types of cascade hydropower plants (run-of-the river, pumped storage, conventional), thermal power plants (coal-fired power plants, combined cycle gas-fired power plants) and wind farms is presented. The optimization process provides a joint bid of the hybrid system, and thus making the operation schedule of hydro and thermal power plants, the operation condition of pumped-storage hydropower plants with the aim of maximizing profits on day ahead market, according to expected hourly electricity prices, the expected local water inflow in certain hydropower plants, and the expected production of electrical energy from the wind farm, taking into account previously contracted bilateral agreement for electricity generation. Optimization process is formulated as hourly-discretized mixed integer linear optimization problem. Optimization model is applied on the case study in order to show general features of the developed model.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Development of Renewable Energy in the Crimean Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Valerievich Guryev ◽  
Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Kuvshinov ◽  
Boris Anatolevich Yakimovich
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The Crimean Peninsula is the flagship of the development of renewable energy, as it is not only an actively developing region, but also a resort center. The energy complex of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years has increased due to the construction of new power plants (Balaklava TPP and Tavricheskaya TPP) with a total capacity of 940 MW, as well as the construction of new 220 and 330 kV transmission lines, which ensured that the peninsula’s power supply deficit was covered. A review of the regional development and use of renewable energy sources is carried out. Based on the data obtained, an analysis is made of the problems and prospects for the development of renewable energy in the region. The development of renewable energy for the Crimean Peninsula plays an important role in order to achieve environmental safety and develop the economic potential of the region. The paper substantiates the priority use of renewable energy in the region, as well as the solution of emerging problems with an increase in the share of renewable energy in the total generation. The appearance of excess electricity in the power system and the possibility of balancing the generated power of renewable energy and thermal power plants, while reducing the cost of electricity. Investment attractiveness and active population growth in the region leads to an increase in generating capacity and an increase in the maneuverability of the energy system with a significant impact of RES. The efficiency of renewable energy in the energy system, the world experience in managing renewable energy generation, the actual impact of renewable energy on the energy system in conditions of electricity shortage, and forecast work schedules of the SES wind farm provided by the electric power industry entities in the assigned way are taken into account when forming the dispatch schedule and are accepted at the request of the subject. The available experience of existing SES in the power system of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol requires additional research, including through field testing of generating equipment. Further full-scale tests should be carried out under the conditions of a real electric power mode of the power system, which requires the introduction of modern information technologies that ensure the exchange of technological information and the implementation of appropriate control actions. The work is underway to create a regulatory framework for the control of renewable energy source operation.

scholarly journals Functional Features of National Thermal Power Plantsunder Sustainable Development Conditions

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Functional Features

The paper is devoted to analysis of functional peculiarities of thermal power plants in Ukraine. In the course of the study, key determinants of the sustainable development of domestic electricity generation were identified in the context of transition to a new market model. The preconditions of activation and support of the sustainable development concept implementation process in the modern business practice of the energy sector enterprises within the Ukrainian economy are outlined. The theoretical and practical bases for ensuring the sustainable development of energy in relation to other United Nations Declarations of Sustainable Development are indicated. The comparative estimation of the efficiency level of state policy in scope of energy independence and resource conservation with the use of a complex indicator of GDP energy intensity is given. On the basis of international and domestic statistical data the dynamics of volumes of electricity production in Ukraine for the period of 1990-2017 as well as the structure of electricity generation by type of generation were analyzed. The dynamics of electric power generation in Ukraine by types of raw materials was presented in complex with the dynamics of coal consumption and production for the corresponding period. The peculiarities of thermal power plants functioning in comparison with other power generating enterprises in modern conditions are specified. The key element of Ukraine’s energy independence – the volume of proven coal reserves – is a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of domestic thermal power plants. The pricing features in the sphere of electricity production and sales are outlined, in particular, the structure of market rate and the price of electricity sales by producers to the Wholesale Market are presented. The significance of the innovation factor in the process of improving the efficiency of thermal power plants functioning has been substantiated, taking into account the economic, social and environmental aspects of their production and economic activity.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic and Value-Based Planning Approach to Assess the Competitiveness between Gas-Fired and Renewables in Hydro-Dominated Systems: A Brazilian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7281
Author(s):  
Felipe Nazaré ◽  
Luiz Barroso ◽  
Bernardo Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Flexible Resources

The main challenge with the penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in thermal-dominated systems has been the increase in the need for operating reserves, relying on dispatchable and flexible resources. In the case of hydro-dominated systems, the cost-effective flexibility provided by hydro-plants facilitates the penetration of VRE, but the compounded production variability of these resources challenges the integration of baseload gas-fired plants. The Brazilian power system illustrates this situation, in which the development of large associated gas fields economically depends on the operation of gas-fired plants. Given the current competitiveness of VRE, a natural question is the economic value and tradeoffs for expanding the system opting between baseload gas-fired generation and VRE in an already flexible hydropower system. This paper presents a methodology based on a multi-stage and stochastic capacity expansion model to estimate the optimal mix of baseload thermal power plants and VRE additions considering their contributions for security of supply, which includes peak, energy, and operating reserves, which are endogenously defined in a time-varying and sized in a dynamic way as well as adequacy constraints. The presented model calculates the optimal decision plan, allowing for the estimation of the economical tradeoffs between baseload gas and VRE supply considering their value for the required services to the system. This allows for a comparison between the integration costs of these technologies on the same basis, thus helping policymakers and system planners to better decide on the best way to integrate the gas resources in an electricity industry increasingly renewable. A case study based on a real industrial application is presented for the Brazilian power system.

scholarly journals Comparison of the most likely low-emission electricity production systems in Estonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachariah Baird ◽  
Dmitri Neshumayev ◽  
Oliver Järvik ◽  
Kody M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Low Emission

To meet targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, many countries, including Estonia, must transition to low-emission electricity sources. Based on current circumstances, the most likely options in Estonia are renewables with energy storage, oil shale power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS), or the combination of renewables and either oil shale or nuclear power plants. Here we compare these different scenarios to help determine which would be the most promising based on current information. For the comparison we performed simulations to assess how various systems meet the electricity demand in Estonia and at what cost.Based on our simulation results and literature data, combining wind turbines with thermal power plants would provide grid stability at a more affordable cost. Using nuclear power to compliment wind turbines would lead to an overall levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in the range of 68 to 150 EUR/MWh (median of 103 EUR/MWh). Using oil shale power plants with CCS would give a cost between 91 and 163 EUR/MWh (median of 118 EUR/MWh). By comparison, using only renewables and energy storage would have an LCOE of 106 to 241 EUR/MWh (median of 153 EUR/MWh).

scholarly journals AGC of a multi sources power system with natural choice of power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Garg ◽  
Anita Khosla ◽  
Nizamuddin Hakimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Power System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Natural Choice

This paper presents an application of optimal control theory in multi sources power system by considering natural choice of power plants participating in automatic generation control (AGC) scheme. However, for successful operation of large power system, the natural choices of generation suitable for AGC system are hydro and thermal power plants since gas and nuclear power plants are rarely participates in the AGC scheme. Therefore, this work presents design and implementation of proportional integral (PI) structured optimal AGC controller in the presence of hydro and thermal power plants by using state vector feedback control theory. Moreover, various case studies are identified to obtain: (i) Cost aspects of physical realization of optimal AGC controller, (ii) Closed loop system stability margin through patterns of eigenvalues and (iii) System dynamic performance. Further, results have shown that when optimal AGC scheme is implemented in power system, the dynamic performance of power system is outstanding over those obtained with genetic algorithms (GAs) tuned PI structured AGC controller. Besides, with optimal AGC controller, cheaper cost of control structure, increased in system closed loop stability margin and outstanding dynamic performance of power system have been found when lessening in hydro generation is replaced by generation from thermal power plants for various case studies under investigation.

scholarly journals Taking into account the constraints in power system mode optimization by genetic algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04045
Author(s):  
Tulkin Gayibov ◽  
Behzod Pulatov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
The Past ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
System Mode ◽  
The Given

Over the past decades, many publications on the use of genetic algorithms, which offer a new and powerful approach for solving the problem of power system mode optimization, have appeared. Despite this, the issues of effectively taking into account various constraints when solving such problems with genetic algorithms remain opened. In this regard, this article proposes an algorithm for optimizing power system modes by genetic algorithm, taking into account functional constraints in the form of equalities and inequalities by various penalty functions. The results of effectiveness research of the given algorithm in the example of optimization of 8-nodal power system with four thermal power plants and three lines with controlled power flows are presented.

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