Study of Scheduled Operation of VPP Consist of PV and Battery that Installed at Spread Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Motoki Akatsuka
Keyword(s):  
Spread Area

Evaluation of Capacity of Salandi Reservoir Using Remote Sensing Data Along With Qgis Software

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Rupali Dhal ◽  
D. P. Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Water Spread

The dynamic aspects of the reservoir which are water spread, suspended sediment distribution and concentration requires regular and periodical mapping and monitoring. Sedimentation in a reservoir affects the capacity of the reservoir by affecting both life and dead storages. The life of a reservoir depends on the rate of siltation. The various aspects and behavior of the reservoir sedimentation, like the process of sedimentation in the reservoir, sources of sediments, measures to check the sediment and limitations of space technology have been discussed in this report. Multi satellite remote sensing data provide information on elevation contours in the form of water spread area. Any reduction in reservoir water spread area at a specified elevation corresponding to the date of satellite data is an indication of sediment deposition. Thus the quality of sediment load that is settled down over a period of time can be determined by evaluating the change in the aerial spread of the reservoir at various elevations. Salandi reservoir project work was completed in 1982 and the same is taken as the year of first impounding. The original gross and live storages capacities were 565 MCM& 556.50 MCM respectively. In SRS CWC (2009), they found that live storage capacity of the Salandi reservoir is 518.61 MCM witnessing a loss of 37.89 MCM (i.e. 6.81%) in a period of 27 years.The data obtained through satellite enables us to study the aspects on various scales and at different stages. This report comprises of the use of satellite to obtain data for the years 2009-2013 through remote sensing in the sedimentation study of Salandi reservoir. After analysis of the satellite data in the present study(2017), it is found that live capacity of the reservoir of the Salandi reservoir in 2017 is 524.19MCM witnessing a loss of 32.31 MCM (i.e. 5.80%)in a period of 35 years. This accounts for live capacity loss of 0.16 % per annum since 1982. The trap efficiencies of this reservoir evaluated by using Brown’s, Brune’s and Gill’s methods are 94.03%, 98.01and 99.94% respectively. Thus, the average trap efficiency of the Salandi Reservoir is obtained as 97.32%.

scholarly journals Wetting Characteristics of Al-containing Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu Solder Alloy on Cu Substrate using Wetting Balance and Spread area Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri ◽  
Suhana Binti Mohd Said ◽  
Dhafer Abdulameer Shnawah
Keyword(s):  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
Spread Area

scholarly journals Predicting the Heading Misalignment of a Vessel-Shaped Offshore Fish Farm Under Waves and Currents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhiyu Jiang ◽  
Jungao Wang ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Reference Site ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Misalignment Angle ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Fish Cages ◽  
Current Reduction

A vessel-shaped fish farm concept for open sea applications has been proposed recently. The whole system consists of a vessel-shaped floater, fish cages positioned longitudinally along the floater, and a single-point mooring system. The whole system weathervanes; this feature increases the spread area for the fish waste. However, the downstream cages may experience reduced water exchange when the vessel is parallel to the currents. This situation may jeopardize the fish health. A dynamic positioning (DP) system may be necessary to improve the flow conditions. This paper investigates the misalignment angle between the heading of the vessel-shaped fish farm and the currents under combined wave and current conditions. The misalignment angle is critical for the estimation of the DP system consumption. A numerical model of the fish farm system with flexible nets is developed. Current reduction factors are included to account for the flow velocity reductions between the net panels. The heading of the system is obtained by finding the equilibrium condition of the whole system under each combined wave and current condition. An integrated method using metamodels is proposed and applied for the prediction of the misalignment angle for a reference site. The probability distribution of the misalignment angle between the vessel heading and the currents is calculated using the Kriging metamodel for the reference site. Based on the prediction, the requirement for the DP system to improve the flow condition in the fish cages is discussed.

scholarly journals Numerical Study on the Heading Misalignment and Current Velocity Reduction of a Vessel-Shaped Offshore Fish Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhiyu Jiang ◽  
Jungao Wang ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Misalignment Angle ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Fish Cages ◽  
Current Reduction

Recently, the concept of a vessel-shaped fish farm was proposed for open sea applications. The fish farm comprises a vessel-shaped floater, five fish cages, and a single-point mooring system. Such a system weathervanes, and this feature increases the spread area of fish waste. Still, the downstream cages may experience decreased exchange of water flow when the vessel heading is aligned with the current direction, and fish welfare may be jeopardized. To ameliorate the flow conditions, a dynamic positioning (DP) system may be required, and its power consumption should relate to the heading misalignment. This paper proposes an integrated method for predicting the heading misalignment between the vessel-shaped fish farm and the currents under combined waves and currents. A numerical model is first established for the fish farm system with flexible nets. Current reduction factors are included to address the reduction in flow velocity between net panels. The vessel heading is obtained by finding the equilibrium condition of the whole system under each combined wave and current condition. Then, the Kriging metamodel is applied to capture the relation between the misalignment angle and environmental variables, and the probability distribution of this misalignment angle is estimated for a reference site. Finally, the requirement for the DP system to improve the flow condition in the fish cages is discussed.

scholarly journals Vimentin Plays a Crucial Role in Fibroblast Ageing by Regulating Biophysical Properties and Cell Migration

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sliogeryte ◽  
Gavara
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Biophysical Processes ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Biophysical Changes ◽  
In Cells

Ageing is the result of changes in biochemical and biophysical processes at the cellular level that lead to progressive organ decline. Here we focus on the biophysical changes that impair cellular function of human dermal fibroblasts using donors of increasing age. We find that cell motility is impaired in cells from older donors, which is associated with increased Young’s modulus, viscosity, and adhesion. Cellular morphology also displays parallel increases in spread area and cytoskeletal assembly, with a threefold increase in vimentin filaments alongside a decrease in its remodelling rate. Treatments with withaferin A or acrylamide show that cell motility can be modulated by regulating vimentin assembly. Crucially, decreasing vimentin amount in cells from older individuals to levels displayed by the neonatal donor rescues their motility. Our results suggest that increased vimentin assembly may underlay the aberrant biophysical properties progressively observed at the cellular level in the course of human ageing and propose vimentin as a potential therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases.

scholarly journals Optimization of Herbicide Use: Study on Spreading and Evaporation Characteristics of Glyphosate-Organic Silicone Mixture Droplets on Weed Leaves

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Travlos ◽  
Qi ◽  
Kanatas ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Binary Images ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Groove Structure ◽  
Herbicide Use

Herbicide deposition rate can be affected by the leaf surface features of weeds and have a significant impact on the overall efficacy. In this paper, an orthogonal experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of droplet evaporation and spreading characteristics corresponding to weed leaf surface with hairy, waxy and rough (ridged) structures. Three weed species—Descurainia sophia, Lepidium lotifolium, and Lolium temulentum—were included in the study, representing these three leaf structures respectively. Glyphosate sprays with organic silicone surfactant in different concentrations were composed for the test. Single droplets with two diameters of 0.05 μL and 0.1 μL were deposited on the leaves to evaluate the evaporation and spreading characteristics. A digital camera was used and the evaporation duration and the maximum droplet coverage images could be captured and extracted from the recorded videos. The Image Processing Toolbox in Matlab was applied to segment the images for droplet and leaf background and the binary images’ pixel numbers were counted for coverage area calculation. The results revealed that the evaporation duration was reduced with the increase of the organic silicone concentration, while the spread area was expanded. The droplet spread more widely and evaporated faster on D. sophia leaves than on the leaves with L. lotifolium and L. temulentum surfaces. The spreading area and evaporation duration varied much faster on L. lotifolium leaves than on the leaves of other weed species. The droplet sizes affected spreading more significantly on L. temulentum leaf surface, as the spreading procedure of small size droplets was restrained by the groove structure. The results of this study would benefit the consideration of the farmers when selecting the proper nozzle code and the determining of the surfactant mixture in order to optimize the use of herbicides like glyphosate.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of a Dynamic and Tunable Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Ondeck ◽  
Adam J. Engler
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
3T3 Fibroblasts ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Nih 3T3

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a commonly used natural polymer for cell scaffolding. Modification by methacrylate allows it to be polymerized by free radicals via addition of an initiator, e.g., light-sensitive Irgacure, to form a methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) hydrogel. Light-activated crosslinking can be used to control the degree of polymerization, and sequential polymerization steps allow cells plated onto or in the hydrogel to initially feel a soft and then a stiff matrix. Here, the elastic modulus of MeHA hydrogels was systematically analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for a number of variables including duration of UV exposure, monomer concentration, and methacrylate functionalization. To determine how cells would respond to a specific two-step polymerization, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on the stiffening MeHA hydrogels and found to reorganize their cytoskeleton and spread area upon hydrogel stiffening, consistent with cells originally cultured on substrates of the final elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Plasma Membrane Area Increases with Spread Area by Exocytosis of a GPI-anchored Protein Compartment

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3261-3272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils C. Gauthier ◽  
Olivier M. Rossier ◽  
Anurag Mathur ◽  
James C. Hone ◽  
Michael P. Sheetz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Laser Tweezers ◽  
Microtubule Depolymerization ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Spread Area ◽  
Two Parameters

The role of plasma membrane (PM) area as a critical factor during cell motility is poorly understood, mainly due to an inability to precisely follow PM area dynamics. To address this fundamental question, we developed static and dynamic assays to follow exocytosis, endocytosis, and PM area changes during fibroblast spreading. Because the PM area cannot increase by stretch, spreading proceeds by the flattening of membrane folds and/or by the addition of new membrane. Using laser tweezers, we found that PM tension progressively decreases during spreading, suggesting the addition of new membrane. Next, we found that exocytosis increases the PM area by 40–60% during spreading. Reducing PM area reduced spread area, and, in a reciprocal manner, reducing spreadable area reduced PM area, indicating the interconnection between these two parameters. We observed that Golgi, lysosomes, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein vesicles are exocytosed during spreading, but endoplasmic reticulum and transferrin receptor-containing vesicles are not. Microtubule depolymerization blocks lysosome and Golgi exocytosis but not the exocytosis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein vesicles or PM area increase. Therefore, we suggest that fibroblasts are able to regulate about half of their original PM area by the addition of membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein compartment.

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