Land area increase in Ukrainian part of the Danube delta

The quantitative indicators of land growth in the Ukrainian part of the Danube delta are considered. Comparison of Landsat satellite images in three key areas of the delta showed that for the period 1975-2020 the area of wetlands at the mouth of the Сhilia channel increased by 1448 hectares due to the accumulation of sediments between the Starostambul and Limba branches and their overgrowth with vegetation. In the area of the Bystroe channel, the area of new lands increased by 1037 hectares due to the artificial deepening of this channel for the Ukrainian ships passage into the Danube River and the deposition of sediments along the coast. A slightly smaller increase in land cover (797 ha) was found in the northern part of the coast of the Ukrainian part of the delta, where saline and carbonate soils are formed. In the future, active land growth is expected in the Musura bay between the mouths of the Starostambul and Sulina branches, ie at the contact of Ukraine and Romania. Some changes in these parameters are expected after a powerful flood in 2021, which will become known after the establishment of a relative equilibrium between the processes of accumulation and erosion after this extreme event.

Studying coefficient of increase of the support surface after deployment of a mobile hoist

Currently, there are about 150 manufacturers of mobile elevating work platforms (MEWP), which are constantly designing and implementing new machines with advanced capabilities. Along with the improvement of hoisting equipment, the support devices of the MEWP are also improved. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the coefficient of increase of the support surface area after the deployment of a mobile hoist for different types of support devices. Goal. The aim of this work is to study how the coefficient of increase of the support surface area after the deployment of the support device depends on the length of the support projecting for different designs of support devices used in MEWP. Methodology. Analytical methods of studying the designs with variable geometrical parameters were used in the work. To obtain the dependences of the coefficient of increase of the support surface area after the deployment of the support device on the length of the support projecting, the methods of mathematical modeling employing computer technology were used. Results. The analysis of the dependences of the coefficient of the support surface area increase after the deployment of the support device on the length of the support projecting showed that the use of the considered support devices enlarges the coefficient of increase of the support surface area from 1.9 with angular supports to 3.4 for Spider type support devices. Originality. It is proposed to consider the coefficient of increase of the support surface area, which enables to take into account the lengths and angles of the supports when determining the support surface area. Practical value. With the results of the study it is possible to choose the type of support device and its geometric parameters at the design stage which will

Induction-thermal action effect on the surface area of titanium products

The changes in the surface area of titanium samples occurring during induction heat treatment (IHT) were studied. The dependence of the surface area of titanium samples on the exposure temperature was revealed. When a titanium sample was heated to a temperature of 1000 °C in the air at an exposure time of 60 s, there was a 45-fold area increase. The assessment of the porosity of the formed coating is carried out. The number of pores increased with increasing temperature from 374 to 1029 pieces. Accordingly, the average pore size decreased by 40%.

DYNAMICS OF THE OCCUPATION OF THE NIGERRIVERBED IN NIAMEY

The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the Niger riverbed occupationin Niamey. The methodology used is based on the processing of satellite images and their interpretation. The results showed, between 1973 and 2018, a reduction of the free riverbed (from 2415.28 ha in 1973 to 1952.88 ha in 2018 i.e. a regression of 29.91 ha) following its progressive occupation by irrigated crops, dwellings and islands, of about 10.27 ha/year. The islands surface area increase reflects the silting of the river. This silting up causes the river to overflow and worsens flooding.

EFFECT OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM ONU 500 ON THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus megaterium ONU 500 on the germination and growth of sunflower seedlings. Materials and methods. Sunflower seeds were sown in containers with soil inoculated with a suspension of bacteria B. megaterium ONU 500 in concentration of 106 CFU/ml. After 21 days growth characteristics of seedlings were compared: germination, average height, root length, leaf area, dry weight. Effect of these microorganisms on biofilm formation on roots was investigated with light microscopy. Results. Inoculation of soil with B. megaterium ONU 500 resulted in the positive effect on roots length (increase by 21%), leaf area (increase by 22%) and dry weight of seedlings (increase by 17.8%). No significant effect on germination and plant height was observed. On the roots of plants grown in soil treated with B. megaterium ONU 500 more developed biofilms with well formed matrix were observed, which indicates the stimulation of ability of plant and soil microbiota to form biofilms in presence of bacilli from the studied strain. Conclusion. The investigations demonstrated that bacteria of B. megaterium ONU 500 strain caused a positive effect on development of sunflower seedlings and formation of biofilms on their roots.

Analisa sumur resapan untuk mereduksi limpasan permukaan pada Perumahan Hang Tuah Cipta Residence Pekanbaru

Changes in land use, namely from cultivated land to closed land or settlements, make the water demand in the area increase, if the water that comes out is not balanced with the water that enters the ground, it will cause a decrease in the ground water level. Another problem that arises due to changes in land use is runoff, where runoff occurs due to rainfall exceeding the suction power or infiltration of the soil, so that over time the runoff becomes a puddle and can even cause flooding. One way to overcome these problems is to apply infiltration wells. This case study takes place in the Hang Tuah Cipta Residence Housing Area, Pekanbaru. From the results of field research and Hydrological data analysis revealed that the main existing drainage channel discharge with a discharge capacity of 0.923 m³/s is unable to accommodate the discharge that occurs at 1.19 m³/s. Segment or secondary drainage channels Q12 and Q13 are also unable to accommodate the discharge that occurs at 0.085 m³/s with a capacity of 0.06 m³/s. Based on the analysis results it is planned that the infiltration well with a radius of 0.5 m and a depth of 9 m which has a capacity of 0.0022 m³/s. After the planned discharge infiltration well comes out to be 0.88 m³/s, it means that the discharge does not exceed drainage capacity of 0.923m³/s.

STUDY OF CHANGES IN THE CULTIVATION AREA, IRRIGATED AREA, PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CROPS IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

India is one of the largest producers of food grains in the world. One of the major contributors to this achievement is the state of Uttar Pradesh. The state has seen significant contributions coming in due to focus of governments and farmers on it.Other factor is the huge demand for cereals in the global market that is creating an excellent environment for the export of Indian cereal & food grains. All food grain types have seen significant changes in their area of cultivation to coverage under irrigated area. Increase in sown area also has led to increase in production. Additionally, good farming practices, availability of irrigation water have contributed largely to increase in average yield of most of the food grains in the state for the period under study. Increase in sown area, it seems has also been driven by opportunity to increase earnings of farmers. This study has covered primarily, area of production, irrigated area, absolute production, and average yield of various crops which are cultivated in the state of Uttar Pradesh for the period from 2006-07 to 2012-13.

Comparative Effects of Organic and Inorganic Manure on the Growth and Development of Cucumis Sativus

A study on the comparative effects of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and development of Cucumis sativa was carried out at Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka. Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the study. 30kg of sandy loam soil was used and different concentrations of organic manure were 0.5kg, 1.0kg, 1.5kg and 2.0kg, while 0.3kg of inorganic manure was used to treat the soil. Growth parameters such as changes in length, girth, leaf area and the number of leaves were measured on weekly basis and recorded accordingly. The results on the effect of organic manure and inorganic manure on the leaf area of cucumber revealed that the 2kg of organic manure gave the highest leaf area increase of cucumber from 9.33±0.306cm2 in week 1 to 298.79±5.526cm2 in week 6. The performance of 2kg of organic manure is followed by 1.5kg of organic manure which gave leaf area increase of cucumber from 8.97±0.351cm2 in week 1 to 246.69±5.754 cm2 in week 6. The control increased the least leaf area from 3.20±0.200cm2in week 1 to 96.08±5.562 cm2in week 6. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the leaf area of cucumber between treatments studied from week 1 to week 6. Also, results on the effect of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the height of cucumber revealed that the 2kg of organic manure gave the highest height increase of cucumber from 6.20±0.100 cm in week 1 to 99.60±0.200 cm in week 6. The performance of 2kg of organic manure is followed by inorganic manure which gave a height increase of cucumber from 5.33±0.058 cm in week 1 to 88.73±4.143 cm in week 6. The control gave the least height increase from 3.33±0.153 cm in week 1 to 29.20±1.153 cm in week 6. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the height of cucumber between treatments studied (that is the different rates of organic manure, inorganic manure and control) from week 1 to week 6. study shows that the treatment of inorganic fertilizer on the cucumber plant had a significant impact on cucumber while organic manure alone gave the highest stem height and stem girth of cucumber.51

Design Principles for Secure and Sociable Local Community: Chizar

Sustainable development covers different environmental, social and economic dimensions. In this paper, we discuss social aspects of sustainability emphasize that a local community center should include security and sociability concepts. Therefore, the objective of the paper is finding suitable design principles that could increase these two concepts. The methodology of the article is survey and case study. The selected site is CHIZAR local community in Tehran. The paper will conclude that some design principles such as diversity in function, visibility, Attractive Street frontages and stay area increase security and sociability concepts. Keywords: Local community; Design principles; security; socialisation eISSN 2514-751X © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajebs.v6i18.380