scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breastfeeding

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Chelsea O. McKinney ◽  
Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook ◽  
P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale ◽  
Sharon L. Ramey ◽  
Julie Krohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Racial Ethnic

OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding rates differ among racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Our aim was to test whether racial/ethnic disparities in demographic characteristics, hospital use of infant formula, and family history of breastfeeding mediated racial/ethnic gaps in breastfeeding outcomes. METHODS We analyzed data from the Community and Child Health Network study (N = 1636). Breastfeeding initiation, postnatal intent to breastfeed, and breastfeeding duration were assessed postpartum. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate relative odds of breastfeeding initiation, postnatal intent, and duration among racial/ethnic groups and to test the candidate mediators of maternal age, income, household composition, employment, marital status, postpartum depression, preterm birth, smoking, belief that “breast is best, ” family history of breastfeeding, in-hospital formula introduction, and WIC participation. RESULTS Spanish-speaking Hispanic mothers were most likely to initiate (91%), intend (92%), and maintain (mean duration, 17.1 weeks) breastfeeding, followed by English-speaking Hispanic mothers (initiation 90%, intent 88%; mean duration, 10.4 weeks) and white mothers (initiation 78%, intent 77%; mean duration, 16.5 weeks); black mothers were least likely to initiate (61%), intend (57%), and maintain breastfeeding (mean duration, 6.4 weeks). Demographic variables fully mediated disparities between black and white mothers in intent and initiation, whereas demographic characteristics and in-hospital formula feeding fully mediated breastfeeding duration. Family breastfeeding history and demographic characteristics helped explain the higher breastfeeding rates of Hispanic mothers relative to white and black mothers. CONCLUSIONS Hospitals and policy makers should limit in-hospital formula feeding and consider family history of breastfeeding and demographic characteristics to reduce racial/ethnic breastfeeding disparities.

scholarly journals Association of Maternal Confidence and Breastfeeding Practices in Hispanic Women Compared to Non-Hispanic White Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110624
Author(s):  
Adrienne Hoyt-Austin ◽  
Sahel Hazrati ◽  
Shruti Berlin ◽  
Suchitra Hourigan ◽  
Karen Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Maternal Confidence ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates

Understanding modifiable factors related to breastfeeding initiation and duration is critical to increase breastfeeding rates. Maternal parenting confidence is a modifiable factor whose association with breastfeeding duration has not previously been investigated. In a retrospective cohort of 1023 mother-infant dyads, the association between maternal confidence and breastmilk feeding at 6 and 12 months of age were analyzed. The association of breastmilk frequency categories and maternal confidence score at 6 and 12 months was examined using multinomial logistic regression stratified by race, ethnicity, and adjusted for gestational age. We found that breastmilk feeding frequency at 6 months was negatively associated with the maternal confidence score. After stratification by ethnicity, the association was no longer significant. There was no association between human milk feeding frequency at 12 months and maternal confidence score at 12 months. Our results demonstrate the need for additional research to identify modifiable factors to increase breastfeeding rates.

scholarly journals Correlation between Breast Self-Examination Practices and Demographic Characteristics, Risk Factors and Clinical Stage of Breast Cancer among Iraqi Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3216-3220
Author(s):  
Ahmad S. A. Al-Gburi ◽  
Nada A. S. Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination

BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women globally. The disease can be cured with limited resources if detected early. Breast self-examination (BSE) is considered a cost-effective feasible approach for early detection of that cancer in developing countries. AIM: To determine the correlation between BSE performance and demographic characteristics, risk factors and clinical stage of BC among Iraqi patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 409 female patients diagnosed with BC at the Referral Training Center for Early Detection of Breast Cancer and the National Cancer Research Center in Baghdad. The studied variables included the age of the patient, occupation, marital and educational status, parity, history of lactation, contraceptive pill intake, family history of cancer and the clinical stage of the disease. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that the most important predictors for practicing BSE was family history of BC or any other cancers (OR = 3.87, P = 0.018) followed by being a governmental employee (OR = 1.87, P = 0.024), history of contraceptive use (OR = 1.80, P = 0.011) and the high level of education (OR = 1.73, P = 0.004). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the practice of BSE and the BC stage at the time of presentation. CONCLUSION: There is a relatively poor practice of BSE among Iraqi patients diagnosed with BC. It is mandatory to foster the national cancer control strategies that focus on raising the level of awareness among the community through public education as a major approach to the early detection of cancer in Iraq.

scholarly journals The potential interaction of hereditary and reproductive factors in the etiology of mammary gland hyperplasia: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
hanlu gao ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Jinqing Fan ◽  
Li Lan ◽  
Da Pang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
High Education ◽  
Family History ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Education Level ◽  
High Order ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
High Education Level ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Family history of breast cancer and female reproductive factors may work together to influence hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) risk. However, the association with HMG risk is poorly characterized and might be important to understand the causation of HMG.Methods: A total of 1881 newly diagnosed HMG cases and 1900 controls were recruited between 2012 and 2017. We collected each participant's demographic characteristics, female reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer. A multi-analytic strategy combining unconditional logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and crossover approaches were applied to systematically identify the interactions of family history of breast cancer and reproductive factors on HMG susceptibility.Results: In MDR analysis, high-order interactions among education level, breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer were identified among women (OR=7.069, 95%CI: 6.080-8.219). Similarly, in crossover analysis, compared with individuals having low education level and no family history of breast cancer, HMG risk increased significantly for those having high education level and family history of breast cancer (OR=36.389, 95%CI: 11.469-115.451), similar additive interaction effect was observed among short breastfeeding duration women (OR=27.699, 95%CI: 3.730-205.699).Conclusion: This study suggests high-order interactions of high education level, short breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer may synergistically increased HMG risk.

Abstract P320: Discordance of Framingham Risk Score and Reynolds Risk Score to Global Vascular Risk Score: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Jung ◽  
Hector M Medina ◽  
Martha Daviglus ◽  
Marina DelRios ◽  
Mario Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reynolds Risk Score

Introduction: The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk model established using an ethnically homogeneous population that predicts 10-year hard CHD events, myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary death. The Reynolds Risk Score (RRS) and Global Vascular Risk Score (GVRS) are validated CHD risk models that, in addition to hard CHD events, predict stroke and other CHD outcomes. In addition to major CHD risk factors, RRS adds systemic inflammation and family history of MI as GVRS adds behavioral and anthropometric measures. This study aims to compare agreement of RRS and GVRS with FRS among Hispanic/Latino adults and to describe discordance in RRS and GVRS with FRS categories, by socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a population-based cohort study of Hispanics/Latinos in four US communities. The analytic sample includes 6,058 non-diabetic participants 45-74 years of age with no past history of CHD and stroke who underwent comprehensive baseline examination. 10-year hard CHD risk score was calculated; participants were categorized as low (<10%), moderate (10-<20%), and high (≥20%) risk. Kappa scores were calculated to compare agreement of RRS and GVRS with FRS. Socio-demographic characteristics of concordance and discordance were characterized overall; multinomial logistic regression models was used to examine age-sex-adjusted likelihood of in discordance by these factors. Results: Mean age of the participants was 55 (SE=0.15) years, 54.3% were women, 41% had family history of CHD, and 90% were foreign born. Overall, 4,805 (74%) had low FRS, 1,143 (24%) had moderate FRS, and 110 (2%) had high FRS. There was poor agreement between RRS and FRS (Kappa=0.16, P<0.01) and fair agreement between GVRS and FRS (Kappa=0.36, P<0.01). In age-sex-adjusted analyses, RRS and GVRS were both more likely to classify persons of moderate and high risk who are between the ages of 60-74; GVRS classified more moderate and high risk women than the FRS. RRS and GVRS discordance with FRS was not associated with nativity and length of time in US. Conclusion: Significant discordance was observed between RRS and GVRS compared to FRS. Among Hispanic/Latino adults, use of RRS or GVRS may be more inclusive in classifying older age adults and women at high 10-year CHD risk.

scholarly journals POS1372 EVALUATION OF E148Q AND CONCOMITANT AA AMYLOIDOSIS SECONDARY TO FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER AFTER ADJUSTED CLINICAL-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 968.1-968
Author(s):  
Z. S. Arici ◽  
M. Romano ◽  
D. Piskin ◽  
F. Guzel ◽  
M. Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Renal Amyloidosis ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

Background:Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, previously known as secondary or reactive amyloidosis, is a long-recognized severe complication of some chronic inflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis and risk factors for amyloidosis in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) remain partially understood (1). The development of AA amyloidosis is dependent on ethnicity and country of residence (2). In the pre-colchicine era, renal AA-amyloidosis was largely reported patients of Turkish (67%) and Sephardic Jewish ancestry (26.5%) (2,3). Currently it’s well known that the MEFV M694V variant associated with high risk of amyloidosis however, mutations on exon 2, specifically E148Q variant remained controversial.Objectives:To evaluate the E148Q mutation variant and concomitant AA Amyloidosis secondary to FMF after adjusted clinical-demographic characteristics.Methods:Patients were recruited from the renal unit at Epigenetic Health Center outpatient clinic in Turkey between September 2003 and February 2020. Patients who had biopsy confirmed FMF related AA amyloidosis were included the study. Tel-Hashomer criteria were applied in the diagnosis of FMF. The clinical characteristics of FMF patients and medication history were recorded by the physician at the time of registry entry. All patients had detailed baseline assessment of clinical features, renal functions, genetic testing, histopathological diagnosis of amyloidosis, and treatment received. We performed multiple comparisons according to the age of diagnosis, demographic features, disease phenotype, allele frequency, type of mutation and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) for Windows, version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).Results:Our registry consists of 195 patients with a diagnosis of AA amyloidosis. Complete information on 169 patients (lost to follow up, n=26) were included. The median age was 36 (19-49) years; male/female ratio was 1.6 (104/65). The median follow-up duration was 15.0 years (4-17 years). There were 101 patients diagnosed with FMF <18 years of age and 68 patients diagnosed ≥18 years of age. All participants developed renal amyloidosis before the age of 32 years. Family history of FMF was documented in 56 patients (33.1%) and family history of amyloidosis was present in 41 patients (24.3%). The three most common clinical symptoms were fever (84,6%), abdominal pain (71.6%) and arthritis (66.9%). During the follow-up, 5 patients started dialysis treatment and 9 patients had kidney transplantation. The most common allele frequency across patients was M694V (60.6%), E148Q (21.4%) and M680I (10.3%). The most frequent mutations were M694V/M694V (63.3%), M694V/E148Q (20.8%) and E148Q/E148Q (15.8%). During the follow up period, 15 patients (10 male, 5 female) died. In those that died, the mutations in 14 had M694V/M694Vand one demonstrated E148Q/E148Q.Conclusion:Patients with FMF related AA amyloidosis have an increased risk for mortality. This study confirmed the association between M694V and FMF-associated AA amyloidosis, which has been reported in many studies. Close clinical follow-up and further evaluation of patients with the E148Q mutation is warranted specifically if residing in FMF endemic areas. The possible relationship between E148Q and AA amyloidosis need to be confirmed in other cohorts.References:[1]Erer B, Demirkaya E, Ozen S, Kallinich T. What is the best acute phase reactant for familial Mediterranean fever follow-up and its role in the prediction of complications? A systematic review. Rheumatology international. 2016;36(4):483-7.[2]Touitou I, Sarkisian T, Medlej-Hashim M, Tunca M, Livneh A, Cattan D, et al. Country as the primary risk factor for renal amyloidosis in familial Mediterranean fever. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2007;56(5):1706-12.[3]Pras M, Bronshpigel N, Zemer D, Gafni J. Variable incidence of amyloidosis in familial Mediterranean fever among different ethnic groups. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1982;150(1):22-6.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Angioedema - Our Experience Focused On Socio-Demographic, Etiological and Clinical Characteristics of the Condition and Its Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Svetlan Dermendjiev ◽  
Vesela Slavcheva Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Voluntary Basis

BACKGROUND: Angioedema (AE) is acute oedema of the skin and mucous surfaces, involving the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. AE could be a life-threatening medical condition. Regardless of its growing clinical importance, many aspects of its aetiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Its incidence, demographic characteristics, diagnosis and therapy, need further investigation. AIM: This study reports our experience with angioedema concerning its social and demographic characteristics, aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Study design: Eighty-eight patients with AE were enrolled. The study is a retrospective analysis of patients treated in our Clinics. METHODS: All participants were asked on a voluntary basis to fill out a specially designed questionnaire on the day of their discharge. Other important data sources included: patients’ history and notes during the hospital stay, information from previous admissions, etc. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods were used for data processing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., IBM SPSS Statistica) version 20.0 RESULTS: Based on our results, AE affects more frequently patients over 50 years of age, regardless of their sex. Urban residents prevail, among them - more commonly working women. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormones and antibiotics were among the most common triggers – in 8%, 4.5% and 11.4% of the cases respectively. In 9.09% of the patients, food-induced AE was seen, the most common foods reported, were – nuts, eggs and egg products. The common sites of involvement were periorbital area and lips. In only 9.1% of the patients, oedema progressed to spread to the upper respiratory tract. Cardiac conditions were the most frequent underlying disorders – 33%, of the patients, auto-immune thyroiditis was the second most common-14.8%, followed by musculo- skeletal disorders (10.2%) and diabetes (4.5%) Family history of allergy was seen in 8.4% of the patients, the most frequent allergic disorder, reported, was asthma. In patients with HAE, family history was present in 2.9% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: All patients received therapy with steroids and antihistamines, resulting in resolution of symptoms and no invasive procedures were necessary. Based on our results, the diagnosis of AE is often difficult and delayed and requires specialist evaluation. If recognised on time and adequately treated, the outcomes are favourable.

Demographic characteristics of IV drug abusers commencing treatment in opiate detoxification centers in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
S.M. Yassini Ardekani ◽  
S. Bozorgi ◽  
M. Taghavi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Iv Drug Abuse ◽  
History Of

IntroductionIV drug abuse is a medical and social problem in countries all over the world including IranObjectivesKnowing about the characteristics of drug abuser could help policy makers to have more precise plan of action for prevention and management of addictionAimsThis study was designed to investigate the demographic characteristics of IV drug abusers in Iran and determining the risk factors for shifting to IV drug abuse.Methods150 intravenous drug addicts (147 males and 3 females) aged 19–61 referred to opiate detoxification centers in Yazd city in autumn 2008 were randomly enrolled to this descriptive cross sectional study. Data collection was undertaken through a structured interview, a questionnaire for demographic data and written documents at detoxification centers. Analysis of data was done with SPSS software (version 13).ResultsThere was positive family history of addiction in 56.7%, known psychiatric illness in 43.3%, known physical disease in 32% and history of psychotropic medication abuse in 58% of participants. The mean age of onset in opium and its derivatives abusers was 19.12, heroin abusers 23.5 and IV bupropion abusers 27.2 years. The most common injecting drug at the time of study was heroin (65.2%).ConclusionFamily history of addiction, psychiatric disease, physical illness and low education could all be risk factors for exacerbating an addiction. Identification of these risk factors could lead to the development of interventions to reduce the burden of addiction. Further research about this subject is required to determine if this is true.

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