scholarly journals Correlation between Breast Self-Examination Practices and Demographic Characteristics, Risk Factors and Clinical Stage of Breast Cancer among Iraqi Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3216-3220
Author(s):  
Ahmad S. A. Al-Gburi ◽  
Nada A. S. Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination

BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women globally. The disease can be cured with limited resources if detected early. Breast self-examination (BSE) is considered a cost-effective feasible approach for early detection of that cancer in developing countries. AIM: To determine the correlation between BSE performance and demographic characteristics, risk factors and clinical stage of BC among Iraqi patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 409 female patients diagnosed with BC at the Referral Training Center for Early Detection of Breast Cancer and the National Cancer Research Center in Baghdad. The studied variables included the age of the patient, occupation, marital and educational status, parity, history of lactation, contraceptive pill intake, family history of cancer and the clinical stage of the disease. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that the most important predictors for practicing BSE was family history of BC or any other cancers (OR = 3.87, P = 0.018) followed by being a governmental employee (OR = 1.87, P = 0.024), history of contraceptive use (OR = 1.80, P = 0.011) and the high level of education (OR = 1.73, P = 0.004). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the practice of BSE and the BC stage at the time of presentation. CONCLUSION: There is a relatively poor practice of BSE among Iraqi patients diagnosed with BC. It is mandatory to foster the national cancer control strategies that focus on raising the level of awareness among the community through public education as a major approach to the early detection of cancer in Iraq.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female University Students, Gaza

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samira S. Abo Al-Shiekh ◽  
Mohamed Awadelkarim Ibrahim ◽  
Yasser S. Alajerami
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Self Examination

Breast cancer is the highest public detected cancer among female population in the majority of countries worldwide. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a useful screening tool to empower women and raise awareness about their breast tissues and help detect any breast abnormalities when they occur. This study aimed to assess the level of female university students’ knowledge and practice of BSE. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about breast cancer and related items, and an observation checklist was used to test practicing BSE using a breast simulator. Eighty-six students participated in the study, 58.1% studying nursing and 41.9% studying clinical nutrition in the third (40.7%) or the fourth level (59.3%). Of them, 24.4% had previous family history of breast cancer. The majority of the students (80.2%) had previous information about breast cancer acquired from different sources, university studies (57%), the Internet (45%), and social media (41%). Findings showed good scores (≥70%) regarding signs and symptoms and risk factors of breast cancer; however, low knowledge scores (<70%) were detected regarding general knowledge about breast cancer disease, methods of early detection and management, and applying steps of practicing BSE. Roughly all the students (96.5%) have heard about BSE, and 69.8% knew the time to do BSE; however, only 31.4% practice it regularly. Three barriers to practice were dominant among students who do not have a breast problem (39.7%), do not know how to do it (37.9%), and being busy 31%. On the other hand, breast cancer early detection purpose and the presence of family history of breast cancer were considered facilitators to regular practice BSE. A statistically significant relationship existed between knowledge about the steps of applying the BSE and regular practicing. A training program should be implemented to increase the level of awareness about BC and practicing BSE.

scholarly journals The Actual Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Sample of Iraqi Patients with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Nada A. S. Al-Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Family History Of Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
History Of Cancer

Background : To assess the actual practice of breast self-examination (BSE), as an early detection tool for breast cancer, among a sample of patients affected with breast cancer in Iraq.Methods: A random sample of 200 female patients with breast cancer was analyzed to evaluate the extent of their actual practice of breast self-examination before the diagnosis of the disease.  The examined variables included the age of the patients, marital status, education, occupation, smoking habit, family history of cancer, frequency of gravidity, parity and abortions. Results: The age of patients ranged from (24-70) years with a mean age of 48 years. The highest frequency of the examined sample (24%) was noted in the age group   (50-54) years. The majority of the patients (89%) were married, 33% had university degree and 57% were employed. While 46% of the patients had a family history of cancer, in 33.5% the breast was involved. Only 5.5% of the total number of patients had practiced BSE regularly before the diagnosis of breast cancer, 57.5% had carried out the procedure randomly while 37% did not perform BSE at all during their lives.  The study illustrated that the level of education, occupation and family history of cancer had significant roles in the practice of BSE. Conclusions: The findings of this study emphasize the urgent need for promoting screening in our society through strengthening practical policy decisions to raise the level of public awareness among the Iraqi women towards the adoption of simple approaches for early detection of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Attitude, Awareness and Experience of Women towards the Breast Self-examination in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nisar Haider Zaidi ◽  
Fatma K. Althoubaity
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination

Objective: To evaluate the attitude, awareness and experience of Women towards the breast self-examination. Methods: This is population-based study with the total number of the participants were 349 between 25-70 yrs of age, between December 2017 to February 2018 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. A questionnaire was given to females attending the clinic or attending a lecture for breast cancer awareness. Results: A total of 349 patients were studied. Saudi was 76.5% and non-Saudi was 23.5%. Patients less than 25 years were 26.4% and above 25 years were 73.6%. The majority were between 25 to 45 years of age which was 66.4%. The majority were married 64.5%, single 30.4%, widow 2.9% and divorced were 2.3%. 65% had children and 59.3% did lactate their kids. Use of contraceptive pills was 50.4%. Family history of breast cancer was in 18.1% and sister had breast cancer in 3.46%, aunt 3.7%, stepdaughter in 6%, grandmother in 3.2% and mother in 2% of cases. Smokers were 10.6%. Family history of other malignancy was in 9.7% with colon cancer in 6.3% and uterus in 3.4%. History of taking herbs was in 14.6% of cases of which soya in 3.4%, baboon 2.6%, green tea 2.3%, ginger 2.3% and weight lowering herbs 1.7%. 12.3% of patient had breast biopsy and 12% had another tumour like thyroid, uterus, colon etc. 22.1% admitted that they did self- breast examination. Their source of knowledge about breast self-examination was Television in 13.5%, hospital 5.7% and doctor in 2.9%. Routine clinical examination was done in 82.2% and the reason for it was not known to the majority of them. Examination by doctors was done in 25.5% of cases. Mammography was done by 16.9%, ultrasound in 16.9%. 12.3% preferred mammography. Regarding the belief that biopsy will lead to spreading of the tumour, 16.3% said that they believe it. 3.4% believed that cancer is infective disease and 86.2% believed that breastfeeding decreases breast cancer incidence. Conclusions: Breast self-examination is an effective tool to detect early breast cancer especially in poor and underdeveloped countries which lack resources for proper screening of breast cancer. Cultural beliefs and ritual practices may affect early detection of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Young Lebanese Women Under the age of 40 Years: Retrospective Study in Lebanon between the Years 2011 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Skin Malignancy ◽  
Self Examination

Background: Breast cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy affecting females in the world. In Lebanon, breast cancer rates are gradually increasing and young females are being more frequently affected. Few studies are available concerning this particular population. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the epidemiology of breast cancer in the young Lebanese females below the age of 40 with identification of variable characteristics and risk factors of the disease and ultimately, comparing our findings to other Arab countries. Methods: Breast cancer cases diagnosed at ≤ 40 years of age between 2011 and 2017 were collected from patient’s files in the Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui and Mount Lebanon Hospital, including the variable risk factors and tumors characteristics. The statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS statistics software. Results: 862 females were diagnosed with breast cancer in the aforementioned hospitals and forty-four were ≤ 40 years. The prevalence of breast cancer in the young Lebanese females is found to be 5.1%. Majority of cases (81.8%) were initially detected by breast self-examination. 20.5% had a positive family history. Infiltrative ductal carcinoma is the predominant histological subtype and grade 2 the most common histological grade. Estrogen and progesterone receptors are positive in 26 subjects and HER2/Neu receptors positive in 17 subjects. Most of cases were in stage 2A. Only 2 patients had BRCA gene testing done. Conclusion: The early onset breast cancer is not only related to the presence of a positive family history; other factors should be actively investigated. Breast self-examination should be considered as a screening method of breast cancer in young females at high risk.

Knowledge of Women from Basrah about Breast Cancer: Its Risk and Preventive Factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Aliyah Habeeb ◽  
Haider Al-Attar ◽  
Ali Maqtoof ◽  
Omran Habib
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Self Examination

Background: Breast cancer is very common in Basrah, Iraq and at global level. To assist in the control measures of breast cancer, good knowledge of women about certain aspects of the disease is essential and needs enhancement. Objective: To explore the extent to which women have knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, risk factors, and preventive measures for breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 300 women in Basrah was conducted. The data collection form was used to interview participants from attendants of breast cancer early detection clinic, primary health care centers, and a private clinic. The data covered demographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge of BSE, mammography, risk factors, and preventive factors. The data were fed into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-Version 26). The results were expressed as frequency and cross tabulation. The Chi-squared test (or Fisher Exact Test) was used to examine the association between the groups, and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 participating women, 61.7% were married, 41.7% had secondary and higher level of education, and 75.6% were of the age of 30 and above. Family history as a risk factor for breast cancer was reported by 16.7% of the participants. About 90.3% of the participants had knowledge of BSE; however, only 42% knew about mammography. Only 38.3% and 11.3% of the participants had performed self-examination and mammography screening, respectively. In general, this study’s results revealed a moderate level of knowledge and practice. Conclusion: A tangible gap in knowledge is evident and demands effective an health-education program to support breast cancer control efforts. Keywords: Breast cancer, Breast self-examination, Risk factor KAP study

Anxiety and Adherence to Breast Self-Examination in Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Brain ◽  
Paul Norman ◽  
Jonathon Gray ◽  
Robert Mansel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination

scholarly journals Awareness of breast cancer risk factors and practices of breast self-examination among North Indian unmarried females

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Kavita . ◽  
Damanpreet Kaur ◽  
Jarnail Singh Thakur ◽  
Darshna . ◽  
Pushplata . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Self Examination

Background: Breast cancer is a leading health problem in females in developing countries. It is associated with various risk factors which are largely preventable. Risk factor awareness and adherence to healthy life style can play a significant role in prevention of cancer. So, study was undertaken to assess the awareness of risk factor of breast cancer and practices of breast self-examination among unmarried females.Methods:  A descriptive cross sectional study design was adopted to recruit 150 subjects. Purposive sampling technique was used to enrol unmarried females above 19 years of age. Written informed consent was taken from participants. Interview schedule was constructed, validated and used for data collection. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Findings of the study revealed that mean age of participant was 22.65±3.21 years. Most of the females were aware that non breast-feeding practices (94.7%), infertility (84.7%), using oral contraceptives pills (50.7%), advancing age (48%), and any trauma to breast (36.7%) are risk factors of breast cancer. Nearly three fourth (76%) of the subjects had good awareness of breast cancer risk factors. However, breast self-examination was only practiced by 14.6% (22) subjects from total 150 subjects.Conclusions: Study concluded that most of the women were aware about the risk factors of breast cancer, however only few were practicing breast self-examination. Since screening and early detection of breast cancer is crucial for cancer control, nurses as health professionals have a significant role to play in early detection and increasing awareness among individuals and communities. 

scholarly journals Knowledge on Risk Factors and Practice of Early Detection Methods of Breast Cancer Among Graduating Students of Debre Tabor University, Northcentral Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gashaw Mehiret ◽  
Amsalu Molla ◽  
Aragaw Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Graduating Students

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the greatest common cancer in women worldwide, with approximately 1.7 million new cases diagnosed each year in the world which accounts for 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women. Even though the higher mortality rate of breast cancer in low and middle-income countries, the practice of early detection methods is low and the majority of the patients who appeared at an advanced stage of the disease need palliative care with little survival rates. However, evidence is sparse on knowledge of risk and practice of breast cancer screening methods used among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Hence we aimed to assess knowledge on risk factors and practice of early detection methods of breast cancer among female graduating students of Debre Tabor University. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 15 at Debra-Tabor University female graduating class students. A multistage sampling technique was used. Data were collected with a self-administer questionnaire. The collected data were processed and analyzed with the computer using SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic information of participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Statistical significance was stated at p < 0.05. Result; A total of 270 female students have participated in the study. The median age (±SD) was 24.63 years (±1.26). All of the students heard about breast cancer and early detection methods. About 206 (76.67% of the participants had good knowledge of breast self-examination. Mass media, health professionals, and friends in combination were the main source of information 172 (63.77%), only 110 (40.70%) of students performed a breast-self-examination and the rest did not perform it due to forgetting fullness and lack of knowledge. About 208 (77.1%) of the respondents respond family history is a risk factor for breast cancer. Being a health science student (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 2.12, 3.52), family history of breast problem (AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 3.22, 8.33), and having a good level of knowledge (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.68) were the factors associated with the practice of breast self-examination. Conclusion Most of the participants were unaware of the benefits, appropriate timing, and techniques of doing a breast self-examination. Health science students had better awareness & practice of breast self-examination than non-health science students. Trained health professionals must give focus on giving health information regarding risk factors of breast cancer and methods of early detection of breast cancer to the public & their clients.

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