TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

Six cases of toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis in infants and children are presented. In all of these cases, the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds alone. All of these patients are still living. A description of the pathologic findings in the retina of one case is given. In an analysis of these six cases it was noted that the ocular findings were the most constantly occurring of all the features. Mental retardation was also noted in all six cases. Cerebral calcifications were found in all but one of the cases. The cases already reported in the literature are enumerated and a review of the clinical features of toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis is given. The chief features noted in the infantile form are: (1) onset at birth or soon after, (2) convulsions, (3) bilateral communicating hydrocephalus, (4) bilateral focal chorioretinitis usually involving both macula and (5) multiple calcifications in the brain. It is our feeling that this constellation of signs and symptoms should suggest the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis without recourse to the isolation of the protozoan or the securing of positive neutralization reactions.

Download Full-text

Mental Retardation in Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.27.5.739 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 739-739

Author(s):

ROBERT B. KUGEL

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Gibbs States ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Brain Disorder ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

Present Text ◽

In Infants And Children

In the forward Frederic A. Gibbs states "Changed attitudes toward feeblemindedness allow the present text to start from a simple, logical, and completely realistic premise, viz., that mental retardation is due to brain disorder." Hopefully, many more physicians accept this statement as correct, but it is unfortunately clear that there are still many physicians who have not yet accepted the fact that mental retardation is a reasonable and profitable area of concern and investigation. The authors carefully and persistently present the mass of information now available to support Gibbs' statement.

Download Full-text

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Infants and Children Before and After Cardiac Surgery; A Prospective Study

Impact of Cardiac Surgery on the Quality of Life ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-0647-4_16 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James R. McConnell ◽

William H. Fleming ◽

Lynne B. Sarafian

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Before And After ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Brain ◽

In Infants And Children

Download Full-text

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Infants and Children: Clinical Features and Pathophysiology

Principles and Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/b978-0-7216-9458-0.50024-6 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lee J. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Apnea Syndrome ◽

In Infants And Children

Download Full-text

Cerebrovascular disease in infants and children: A study of incidence, clinical features, and survival

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.28.8.763 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 763-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 312

Author(s):

B. S. Schoenberg ◽

J. F. Mellinger ◽

D. G. Schoenberg

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Infants And Children ◽

In Infants And Children

Download Full-text

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP): Epidemiology, clinical presentation, management and outcomes in infants and children presenting to Al Wakra Pediatric Emergency Department (PED)

Journal of Emergency Medicine Trauma and Acute Care ◽

10.5339/jemtac.2021.qhc.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ibtihal S Abdelgadir ◽

Haider Almawashi ◽

Fawzia M Elgharbawy ◽

Abdo M Alghazali ◽

Kryzl D Ponce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Pediatric Intensive Care ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Pediatric Emergency ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Pediatric Emergency Department ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

In Infants And Children

Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is defined clinically as the presence of signs and symptoms of pneumonia in a previously healthy child due to an infection that has been acquired outside the hospital. There is no previous data available from children in Qatar on CAP.Objectives: To evaluate the incidence, clinical features, management, outcomes and, complications in infants and children presenting to Al Wakra Hospital, Qatar with CAP. Methods: This is a prospective, observational, non-interventional study that assessed all children aged 3 months to 14 years, during a period of 12 months, from November 2017 to November 2018. Results: The incidence of CAP was found to be 2.8 per 1000 of all patients presenting to Al Wakra Pediatric Emergency Department Qatar (328 of 116,761patients). The majority of cases were children 1-5 years (58.2%). Fifty-one percent and 61.3% of children admitted to inpatient wards had dyspnoea and tachypnea respectively. This is to be compared to 88.5% and 96.2% of patients respectively admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with dyspnoea and with tachypnea. C-reactive protein (CRP) more than 50 mg/L was noted in 48.2% of patients admitted to inpatient wards and 26.7% of patients admitted to PICU. Oral amoxicillin was prescribed for 1.5% of patients, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 18% of patients, a further 18% had cefuroxime, and 29% had clarithromycin. Intravenous (IV) cefuroxime was the most used IV medication (29.6% of all patients). Nearly 50% of patients were admitted to inpatient wards, with 7.9% transferred to PICU, and only 39.3% discharged home without admission. Conclusion: Community acquired pneumonia represents 0.28% of all studied patients. More than 60% of the patients with CAP were admitted either to inpatient wards or to PICU.

Download Full-text

Neonatal Intussusception: A Review

Journal of Neonatal Surgery ◽

10.21699/jns.v7i1.662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vipul Prakash Bothara ◽

Anand Pandey ◽

Jiledar Rawat

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Bowel Obstruction ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Common Cause ◽

Diagnostic Modalities ◽

In Infants And Children

Intussusception is defined as a process in which a segment of bowel invaginates into the adjoining intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and children between 6 months to 18 months of age. In neonates and premature infants, it accounts for only 3% of intestinal obstruction and 0.3% (0–2.7%) of all cases of intussusception Since neonatal intussusception is an uncommon entity, we conducted this review to examine its occurrence, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options.

Download Full-text

Undiscovered Urinary Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.39.6.946a ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 946-947

Author(s):

MELVYN H. WOLK

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Tract Infections ◽

In Infants And Children

The occurrence of urinary tract infections in children has become an increasing problem. Pediatricians, especially those experiencing the "unhappy pediatric syndrome," should delight in investigating the manifold signs and symptoms with which these children may present. We have been taught that urologic symptoms, such as dysuria and frequency, may indicate an underlying urinary tract infection. However we must look further, for signs rather than symptoms in infants and children, for they may not be the best historians.

Download Full-text