A Translation of Galen's Hygiene (de Sanitate Tuenda)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Short Biography ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Medical Books

It is rather unusual to present a translation of one of the first medical books of classical antiquity to the medical public of today. The history of medicine is a fascinating field, and this book is a real "mine of information" of the medical knowledge at the times of the Roman Empire. "Hygiene' is an extensive term, and beliefs and habits of that time are described throughout the book. The introduction by Henry Sigerist and a short biography of Galen translated from Le Clerc's Histoire de la Médecine, give all necessary information for a good understanding of the book.

From New Spain to Damascus: Ottoman Religious Authorities and the Making of Medical Knowledge on Tobacco

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 561-581
Author(s):  
Aslıhan Gürbüzel
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article examines the translation, circulation, and adaptation of the medical opinion of Spanish physician Nicolas Monardes (d. 1588) on tobacco in the Ottoman Empire. In addition to medical and encyclopedist authors, the spread of new medical knowledge in learned and eventually popular registers was the result of the efforts of religious authorities. These latter authorities, namely jurists, Sufis, and preachers, took an interest in the bodily and mental effects of smoking for its moral implications. In forming their medical-moral discourse, they sought and studied contemporary medical works of both Ottoman and European provenance. Challenging the strict division between learned and popular medicine, this article argues that Ottoman religious authorities, while often excluded from the history of medicine, played significant roles in the circulation, adaptation, and localization of medical knowledge.

Roman History: Imperial, 31 BCE–284 CE

Classics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Potter
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Multiethnic States ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Relevance

The history of the Roman Empire is the history of one of the largest and most enduring multiethnic states in the history of the world, making it an area of study that continues to have great relevance to the modern world. Principal areas of investigation for those drawn to the study of the Roman Empire include the development of institutions needed to govern such a state, the behavior of those institutions, the dialogue of cultures within the empire (especially issues of assimilation, resistance, and evolution between dominant and subaltern groups), and the relationship between Rome and its neighbors. It is also a period that saw significant developments in art, literature, and the history of thought, shaping the heritage of classical Antiquity that has survived through the Middle Ages to help shape the Western tradition of rational thought. It is also a very colorful period, whose leading figures, ranging from Marcus Aurelius and Jesus of Nazareth to Nero and Commodus, continue to excite great interest for their own sake.

scholarly journals Sofia Parfanovych - a Woman Doctor, an Innovator of Medical Education in Ukraine: some actual issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Stytsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Woman Doctor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage

Abstract: The article analyzes the main milestones of the prominent Ukrainian doctor, public figure, writer of the early to mid-twentieth century Sofia Parfanovych. There are three main aspects of her historical heritage: scientific, educational and literary. New variants of topics of lectures and seminars for studying the history of Ukrainian medicine of the beginning of the XX century in the course of disciplines “History of medicine” and “Development of medical knowledge” are offered.

The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Patwardhan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BCE and 200 CE. Probably because the language of documentation of these early textbooks is in Sanskrit, a language that is not in day-to-day use among the general population even in India, many significant contributions of Ayurveda have remained unrecognized in the literature related to the history of medicine. In this communication, the discovery of blood circulation has been taken up as a case, and a few important references from the representative Ayurveda compendia that hint at a preliminary understanding of the cardiovascular system as a “closed circuit” and the heart acting as a pump have been reviewed. The central argument of this review is that these contributions from Ayurveda too must be recorded and credited when reviewing the milestones in the history of medicine, as Ayurveda can still possibly guide various streams of the current sciences, if revisited with this spirit.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinarity of History of Medicine and Narrowness of the Modern Domestic Historical and Medical Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Robak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Components

Author provided a classification of modern historical and medical knowledge. Further, the author convincingly proved that certain distortions and disproportions had been developed in the modern domestic historical and medical discourse. This conclusion has been done basing on analysis of publications and speeches at scientific forums of Ukrainian historians of medicine in recent years, and applying problem-chronological as well as comparative-historical research methods. Medical researchers have been trying to undertake a reconstruction of socio-cultural components of the discipline, but without sufficient mastering historical instruments. As a result, works of low quality have published. The author recommended physicians who study History of Medicine to investigate problems of development of medical science and practice, and leave problems of social relations for professional historians.

Religion and Classical Europe, Twelfth Century bce–600 ce

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Christoph Auffarth
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
City States ◽  
Urban Character ◽  
The City

In a history of religion and Europe classical Antiquity is both an example of difference, that is, the polytheistic systems of Greek and Roman religions, and the beginnings of the monotheistic religions, which became the mainstream in medieval and modern Europe. Drawing on the rituals, symbols, and patterns of polytheism as the legacy of the palace cultures in the Ancient Near East and Greece (until 1200 bc), the city-states (poleis) adapted these to non-autocratic societies (polis-religion). In the empires of Hellenism and the Roman Empire itself, religions were not part of a power structure (e.g. a ruler-cult). Rather their urban character allowed a plural neighbourhood, in which the monotheistic religions were well integrated. In late Antiquity a long transformation formed the Middle Ages, when with the rise of Islam the Mediterranean became divided into three parts: the Islamic south, Greek Orthodoxy in the east, and Latin-speaking ‘Europe’ in the north-west.

Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and the edition of three medical prescriptions)

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
EFRAIM LEV
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cairo Genizah ◽  
The Middle Ages

The literature on medicine in medieval Muslim countries in general and in Egypt in particular is vast and detailed. Yet study and assessment of the practical aspects of medicine in the Mediterranean society of the Middle Ages requires examination of authentic, practical medical knowledge. At present this can be extracted mainly from the prescriptions found in the Cairo Genizah; these supply a different and valuable dimension. On the importance and the potential of research into the medical aspects of the Genizah documents, mainly prescriptions, Goitein wrote in 1971 that “these prescriptions have to be examined by experts in the history of medicine”.

scholarly journals From under the elbow to pointing to the palm: Chinese metaphors for learning medicine by the book (fourth–fourteenth centuries)

BJHS Themes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Marta Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Medical Manuscripts ◽  
Medical Books

AbstractThis article focuses on transformations in the main metaphors in ancient to late medieval titles of Chinese medical books used to convey to potential readers their ‘learning-by-the-book’ contents. It finds that in contrast to the European preference for hand metaphors in the genre terms – enchiridions, manuals and handbooks – the Chinese medical archive preserves bodily metaphors within which the hand metaphor appears only rarely in the early medieval period and is then superseded by metaphors that rely on the fingers and palms more than the hands per se. This longue durée survey from roughly the fourth to the fourteenth centuries of the wide-ranging metaphors for ‘handy medical books’ places their historical emergence and transformation within the history of Chinese medical manuscripts and printed texts. Metaphors in medical titles conveyed to potential readers at the time significant textual innovations in how medical knowledge would be presented to them. For later historians, they provide evidence of profound changes in managing an increasingly complex and expanding archive of Chinese medical manuscripts and printed texts. Innovations in textual reorganization intended to facilitate ‘learning by the book’ were often creatively captured in an illuminating range of genre distinctions, descriptors and metaphors.

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