A COMPARISON OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC ENZYME SYSTEM IN MATERNAL AND UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726
Author(s):  
Louise Lang Phillips ◽  
Valija Skrodelis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid

Studies of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in the plasma of mothers and the newborn infants are reported and the results compared. All mothers had elevated levels of fibrinogen in the plasma at the time of delivery. The levels of fibrinogen in the newborn infants fell into a low normal range. Premature infants tended to have slightly lower levels of fibrinogen than term infants, with certain exceptions which are discussed. A direct correlation of values for fibrinogen with the birth weight could not be established. No correlation was observed between fibrinogen levels in mothers and infants, indicating that significant placental transfer of fibrinogen does not occur under normal conditions and that fibrinogen is manufactured by the fetus itself. All mothers had higher levels of free and total profibrinolysin in the plasma than did the infants. The differences were found to be highly significant. The levels of free profibrinolysin in premature infants did not vary as much from those of the term babies, as was the case with total profibrinolysin. The levels of total profibrinolysin show a definite trend upward with increasing birth weight. Inhibitors of the fibrinolytic enzyme system were also significantly higher in mothers than in infants. Premature infants had significantly lower levels than term infants although considerable overlapping in the range was noted. Evidence was obtained that small amounts of an active proteolytic enzyme are present in the euglobulin fraction of the mother at delivery even after the course of a normal labor. No hemorrhagic manifestations were observed, presumably because of the high levels of inhibitor in maternal blood. In contrast, lysis of clots was observed more frequently in samples of cord blood, possibly due to lower levels of inhibitor. Placental transfer of various decomposition products of protein apparently exists as indicated by measurements of trichloracetic acid-soluble products in samples of plasma. A possible relation between the low proteolytic activity of the plasma of premature infants and the high incidence of fatality from hyaline membrane disease in these infants is proposed and discussed.

VITAMIN E LEVELS IN TERM AND PREMATURE NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
WINFIELD T. MOYER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Premature Newborn

Evidence has been presented to show that: 1. The average vitamin E level in plasma or serum at birth is .23 mg./100 cc. with wide variations in both term and premature infants regardless of birth weight. 2. The average level of vitamin E in cord blood is equal to the average level of the infant's blood taken within the first 24 hours, although in any one case they may vary as much as 50% to 75%. 3. The vitamin E level in term infants appears to be higher after five days, averaging .36 mg./100 cc. 4. The vitamin E level in premature infants does not increase for two months. Between three and six months of age it increased to an average of .50 mg./100 cc.

Serum zinc in mothers and from cord blood of appropriate birth-weight full term and preterm newborn infants, and of low-birth-weight full term infants

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Cleide Enoir ◽  
Petean Trindade† ◽  
Maria Eneida ◽  
Aiello Sartor† ◽  
Fernando Jose de Nobrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Term Infants

STUDIES OF THE IMMUNOLOGY OF THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
JOHN J. OSBORN ◽  
JOSEPH DANCIS ◽  
BLANCHE V. ROSENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin

The titer of diphtheria antitoxin in maternal and infant (cord) blood was compared in 56 premature infants. A significant correlation was found between birth weight and placental permeability to diphtheria antitoxin. Small premature infants (under 1200 gm.) have much less circulating antitoxin derived from the mother than do larger premature infants. In 10 premature infants with high cord titers of diphtheria antitoxin, this passive immunity was lost at about the same rate as by normal newborn infants.

VITAMIN E BLOOD LEVELS IN PREMATURE AND FULL TERM INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393
Author(s):  
STANLEY W. WRIGHT ◽  
LLOYD J. FILER ◽  
KARL E. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Breast Fed

Newborn infants showed serum tocopherol levels approximately one-fifth those of the maternal levels. During the first six days after birth, the serum tocopherols of breast-fed infants increased much more rapidly than those of bottle-fed infants. These differences were still evident at 1 to 4, and at 5 to 8, months of age. Premature infants fed an artificial formula low in vitamin E showed a rapid decline in serum tocopherol levels. These studies confirm and amplify other evidence that placental transfer of vitamin E is decidedly limited while mammary transfer is much more extensive.

Postnatally acquired CMV meningitis diagnosed via BioFire FilmArray: A case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Stark ◽  
J. Peterson ◽  
K. Weimer ◽  
C. Hornik
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infant

Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) is commonly acquired via breast milk, with premature infants more frequently developing symptoms of CMV infection in comparison to term infants. Meningitis is a rare clinical manifestation of CMV infection. The diagnosis of meningitis is difficult to make in infants, particularly those who are preterm. Consequentially, broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial coverage is often administered for several days while waiting for current gold standard CSF testing to result. The BioFire FilmArray (BFA) simultaneously tests for 14 different pathogens, including CMV, allowing for quicker diagnosis and shorter time to definitive treatment. Here, we report a very low birth weight infant with postnatally acquired CMV meningitis, the first to our knowledge to be diagnosed using the BioFire FilmArray.

Amino Acids in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-680
Author(s):  
NIELS C. R. RÄIHÄ
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants

To the Editor.— In a recent paper in Pediatrics, Heird et al1 reported their evaluation of the use of a new amino acid mixture for parenteral nutrition in low birth weight infants. On the basis of their results the authors made the following statement: "These observations refute the concept that the metabolic capacity of LBW infants for amino acids is limited in comparison to that of term infants, older infants, and chi1dren."1(p49) Such a conclusion is not justified on the basis of the presented data.

A SEQUENTIAL TRIAL OF THE NONTHERMAL EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY ON SURVIVAL OF NEWBORN INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Silverman ◽  
Frederic J. Agate ◽  
John W. Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Sequential Trial

A sequential trial was conducted to study the nonthermal effect of two conditions of humidity on survival of premature infants in the first 5 days of life. No important effect on survival was observed among infants whose body temperatures in moderate and high humidities were kept the same.

scholarly journals Poor Bifidobacterial Colonization Is Associated with Late Provision of Colostrum and Improved with Probiotic Supplementation in Low Birth Weight Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Tanaka ◽  
Yoshitaka Nakamura ◽  
Masaki Terahara ◽  
Takahide Yanagi ◽  
Sayuri Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Rich

This study aimed to evaluate the association between bifidobacterial colonization in low birth weight infants and perinatal factors, including the timing of initial colostrum and the effect of probiotics on this colonization. In this non-randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 98 low-birth-weight infants from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Japan. Infants were divided into three groups: group N (no intervention), group H (received non-live bifidobacteria), and group L (received live bifidobacteria). The number of bifidobacteria in the infants’ stools at 1 month of age was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We divided infants into “rich bifidobacteria” (≥104.8 cells/g feces) and “poor bifidobacteria” (<104.8 cells/g feces) subgroups. The ratio of “rich bifidobacteria” infants was 20/31, 34/36, and 30/30 in groups N, H, and L, respectively. In group N, the “rich bifidobacteria” group received first colostrum significantly earlier than the “poor bifidobacteria” group (1 day vs. 4 days, P < 0.05). Compared with the N group, both groups H and L had a significantly high proportion of “rich bifidobacteria” infants (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterial colonization was poor in premature infants at 1 month compared with term infants, and the level of colonization was associated with the timing of initial provision of colostrum. Providing probiotics to premature infants can improve bifidobacterial colonization.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Response of Premature Infants after Primary and Booster Immunisation with a Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Inactivated Poliovirus/Haemophilus InfluenzaeType B Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Omeñaca ◽  
Jose Garcia-Sicilia ◽  
Reyes Boceta ◽  
Pilar García-Corbeira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen

A range of schedules are recommended for hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants. This open-label study (217744/083) compared the immune response of premature (N=94) and full-term infants (N=92) to hepatitis B antigen following primary administration of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine at 2–4–6 months and a booster dose at 18 months. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were determined before and one month after primary and booster doses. There were no significant differences in postprimary seroprotection rates (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/mL; preterm 93.4%; full-term 95.2%) or geometric mean concentrations (634 versus 867 mIU/ml), and neither appeared to be related to gestational length or birth weight. Prebooster seroprotection rates were 75 and 80.6%, respectively. Six premature infants did not respond to primary and booster doses. Primary and booster vaccinations with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib elicit satisfactory anti-HBsAg responses in preterm infants, which are not influenced by gestational age or birth weight. This schedule and vaccine will greatly facilitate the immunisation of premature infants.

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