Measles Outbreak in Juneau, Alaska, 1996: Implications for Future Outbreak Control Strategies

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. e71-e71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Landen ◽  
M. Beller ◽  
E. Funk ◽  
H. R. Rolka ◽  
J. Middaugh
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Future Outbreak

A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF MEASLES OUTBREAK CONTROL STRATEGIES

1987 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD M. DAVIS ◽  
LAURI E. MARKOWITZ ◽  
STEPHEN R. PREBLUD ◽  
WALTER A. ORENSTEIN ◽  
ALAN R. HINMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Measles Outbreak

scholarly journals Eco-Environmental Aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Potential Control Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3488
Author(s):  
Rashid Nazir ◽  
Jawad Ali ◽  
Ijaz Rasul ◽  
Emilie Widemann ◽  
Sarfraz Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
The People ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Future Outbreak

A new coronavirus-strain from a zoonotic reservoir (probably bat)—termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has recently claimed more than two million deaths worldwide. Consequently, a burst of scientific reports on epidemiology, symptoms, and diagnosis came out. However, a comprehensive understanding of eco-environmental aspects that may contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread is still missing, and we therefore aim to focus here on these aspects. In addition to human–human direct SARS-CoV-2 transmission, eco-environmental sources, such as air aerosols, different public use objects, hospital wastes, livestock/pet animals, municipal wastes, ventilation facilities, soil and groundwater potentially contribute to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further, high temperature and humidity were found to limit the spread of COVID-19. Although the COVID-19 pandemic led to decrease air and noise pollution during the period of lockdown, increased use of masks and gloves is threatening the environment by water and soil pollutions. COVID-19 badly impacted all the socio-economic groups in different capacities, where women, slum dwellers, and the people lacking social protections are the most vulnerable. Finally, sustainable strategies, waste management, biodiversity reclaim, eco-friendly lifestyle, improved health infrastructure and public awareness, were proposed to minimize the COVID-19 impact on our society and environment. These strategies will seemingly be equally effective against any future outbreak.

Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic Spreading in India by an Epidemiological Model and Fractional Differential Operator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad S. Shaikh ◽  
Vikas S. Jadhav ◽  
Munir G. Timol ◽  
Kottakkaran S. Nisar ◽  
I. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Operator ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Fractional Differential Operator ◽  
Fractional Differential ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
Future Outbreak

Fractional differential mathematical model unfolding the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India is presented and explored in this paper. The purpose of this study is to estimate the future outbreak of disease and potential control strategies using mathematical models in India as a whole country as well as in some of the states of the country. This model is calibrated based on reported cases of infections over the month of April 2020 in India. We have used iterative fractional complex transform method to find approximate solutions of the model having modified Riemann Liouville fractional differential operator. We have also carried out a comparative analysis between actual and estimated cumulative cases graphically, moreover, most sensitive parameters for basic reproduction number$(R_0)$ are computed and their effect on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic is investigated in detail.

Multiscale Network Model for Evaluating Global Outbreak Control Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2626 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Chen ◽  
David Rey ◽  
Lauren Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Outbreak Control

High volumes of passenger air travel increase the risk of infectious disease epidemics and pandemics. Regional preparedness planning for large-scale outbreaks requires models that are able to capture outbreak dynamics within a control policy evaluation framework. Previous studies focused on either modeling outbreak dynamics or optimizing outbreak control decisions; this paper proposes an integrated approach that combines both aspects. A multiscale epidemic outbreak model is introduced that is designed to capture the infection dynamics at both the local (city) scale and the global (air travel) scale. A bilevel decision-making framework is then proposed to identify the optimal set of outbreak control policies, while accounting for local and global outbreak dynamics. The model is implemented for a case study in which a hypothetical epidemic outbreak is assumed to emerge from within the United States, and different control resource allocation strategies are explored and evaluated. The results highlight the importance of accounting for outbreak dynamics within the decision-making process and provide insight into the design and efficiency of a range of control strategies. This research is an initial effort to be followed by further research on the design of outbreak control strategies by using optimization algorithms under this framework.

scholarly journals A novel measles outbreak control strategy in the Netherlands in 2013–2014 using a national electronic immunization register: A study of early MMR uptake and its determinants

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (43) ◽  
pp. 5828-5834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Nic Lochlainn ◽  
Tom Woudenberg ◽  
Alies van Lier ◽  
Irmgard Zonnenberg ◽  
Marvin Philippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
Measles Outbreak

scholarly journals A decision-support framework to optimize border control for global outbreak mitigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksa Zlojutro ◽  
David Rey ◽  
Lauren Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Outbreak Control

AbstractThe introduction and spread of emerging infectious diseases is increasing in both prevalence and scale. Whether naturally, accidentally or maliciously introduced, the substantial uncertainty surrounding the emergence of novel viruses, specifically where they may come from and how they will spread, demands robust and quantifiably validated outbreak control policies that can be implemented in real time. This work presents a novel mathematical modeling framework that integrates both outbreak dynamics and outbreak control into a decision support tool for mitigating infectious disease pandemics that spread through passenger air travel. An ensemble of border control strategies that exploit properties of the air traffic network structure and expected outbreak behavior are proposed. A stochastic metapopulation epidemic model is developed to evaluate and rank the control strategies based on their effectiveness in reducing the spread of outbreaks. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to illustrate the robustness of the proposed control strategies across a range of outbreak scenarios, and a case study is presented for the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This study highlights the importance of strategically allocating outbreak control resources, and the results can be used to identify the most robust border control policy that can be implemented in the early stages of an outbreak.

scholarly journals An Outbreak of Measles among Unvacdnated Young Adults and Measles Seroprevalence Study: Implications for Measles Outbreak Control in Adult Populations

2004 ◽  
Vol 189 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R. Ehresmann ◽  
Nroman Crouch ◽  
Paula M. Henry ◽  
John M. Hunt ◽  
Tonia L. Habedank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
Measles Outbreak

scholarly journals Long term effect of infection control practices and associated factors during a major Clostridium difficile outbreak in Costa Rica

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A Wong-McClure ◽  
Elenita Ramírez-Salas ◽  
Nury Mora-Brenes ◽  
Lorena Aguero-Sandí ◽  
Maritza Morera-Sigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
History Of

Introduction: The C. difficile BI/NAP 1 hyper virulent strain has been responsible for the nosocomial outbreaks in several countries. The present study describes the infection control strategies utilized to achieve outbreak control as well as the factors associated with a C. difficile BI/NAP 1 hyper virulent strain outbreak in Costa Rica. Methodology: A descriptive analysis of the C. difficile outbreak was completed for the period of January 2007 to December 2010 in one affected hospital. An unmatched case-control study was subsequently performed to evaluate the association of exposure factors with C. difficile infection. Results: The pattern of the outbreak was characterized by a sharp increase in the incidence rate during the initial weeks of the outbreak, which was followed by a reduction in the incidence curve as several infection control measures were implemented. The C. difficile BI/NAP1 infection was associated with the prescription of antibiotics, in particular levofloxacin (OR: 9.3; 95%CI: 2.1-40.2), meropenem (OR: 4.9, 95%CI: 1.0-22.9), cefotaxime (OR: 4.3, 95%CI: 2.4-7.7), as well as a medical history of diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.9, 95%CI: 1.5-5.8). Conclusions: The infection control strategies implemented proved to be effective in achieving outbreak control and in maintaining the baseline C. difficile incidence rate following it. The reported C. difficile outbreak was associated with the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics and a medical history of diabetes.

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