PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
National Office ◽  
True Position ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
First Time

THERE are presented herewith annual summaries of provisional vital statistics of the U.S.A. for 1954, as published by the National Office of Vital Statistics in Volume 3, Number 13, of the Monthly Vital statistics Report. These provisional figures are based on the data from monthly reports of certificates actually received in registration offices in the various states and cities. Previous experience shows that for the country as a whole these estimates will correspond very closely to the final rates when they are compiled. The provisional rates thus reflect the true position sufficiently well to allow their use for immediate planning purposes. Birth rates are shown in Figure 1, by monthly variation, comparing 1953 and 1954. Table 1 gives both numerical data and rates by the states in which the birth occurred. Information by place of residence, which is of course more significant, will be given in the final reports, which will be some time in appearing. In 1954 registered live births again reached an all time high, estimated at 4,021,000, compared to 3,909,000 in 1953. This is the fourth successive record-breaking year and the first time the registered number of births has surpassed 4 million. Predictions of several years ago that the birth rate would shortly begin dropping to the low levels of the 1930's were again proved wrong, for the estimated rate for 1954 was 25.0 per 1,000 population, as against a comparable figure of 24.7 in 1953.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1096
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Monthly Variations

AS PART of its Monthly Vital Statistics Report, the National Office of Vital Statistics of the U. S. Public Health Service publishes each year an estimate of the most important statistical indices of the previous year. In the March 12, 1957 issue of the Report, Vol. 5, No. 13, Part 1, the annual summary of provisional vital statistics for the year is presented. Monthly variations for the four major indices, Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Infant Mortality, are shown in Figure 1, [See FIG. 1. in Source Pdf.] which compares the data for 1956 with 1955. It is to be noted that the data are provisional and subject to connection. Previous experience, however, indicates little likelihood of more than very minor changes. Births in 1956 climbed to another recordbreaking high with registered births reaching 4,168,000, on a rate of 24.9 pen 1,000 population. Addition of an estimate for unregistered births raises the total to 4,220,000, or a rate of 25.2. The birth rate has maintained a consistently high level for more than a decade, having achieved a high point of 26.6 in 1947. As in previous years, highest rates centered in the south, lowest in the northeastern areas of the country. Deaths in 1956 totaled 1,565,000, a rate of 9.4 per 1,000 population, slightly higher than the rate of 9.3 in 1955 and the low of 9.2 reached in 1954.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-731
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
National Office ◽  
Cumulative Rate ◽  
Health Nursing

Reproduced below are the data and curves, by month, for 1951 and the first eight months of 1952, concerning estimated live births, marriage licenses, deaths and infant deaths. The material is reproduced from Vol. 1, No. 8, of the Monthly Vital Statistics Report of the National Office of Vital Statistics, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency. The data are provisional and are based on reports received in registration offices. While subject to change when subsequent corrections are received, the figures reflect the true situation reasonably faithfully. The 1952 birth rate, which appeared to be dropping below the 1951 figures, has increased again so that the cumulative rates are almost the same. This means, with the increase in total population, that the total number of births in 1952 will almost surely exceed the total number in 1951. Continued maintenance of such high birth rates will impose further burdens on children's health services and on public educational services later. [SEE CHART 1,2,3 AND 4 IN SOURCE PDF]. Marriage licenses continue to run below 1951 figures. The differences are not great, however, and the cumulative rate for the first eight months is only about 6% lower than last year. Deaths in August were substantially lower than for July and the estimated rate for August, 8.5, is the lowest rate ever recorded in the U.S.A. for the month of August. The cumulative rate for the first eight months, however, is essentially the same as for 1951.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1043
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing

THE charts reprinted below illustrate the situation in 1949 and early 1950 for the national birth, death, infant mortality and marriage license rates. As explained in the November 1949 issue of Pediatrics, these rates are estimated by the National Office of Vital Statistics on the basis of preliminary reports coming from the various states. Such estimates are, of course, open to subsequent correction, but may with safety be considered as reflecting the true situation very closely. [See. Table source in Pdf.] During each month in 1949 the birth rate was very close to that for the corresponding month in 1948. Only toward the end of the year were the monthly rates for 1949 consistently under the preceding year. The trend in 1950 continues downward but the differences are relatively small. Each month in 1949 witnessed a well marked decrease from the year before in the marriage license rate. Only January 1950 is available for comparison at this time but the downward trend has not been reversed and will be related subsequently to still lower birth rates. February is the third consecutive month in which the estimated death rate was lower than the corresponding rate of any previous year. Thus, the estimated rate of 10.1 for the three months, December 1949-February 1950 sets a new low for this season.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-516
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
National Office ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
One Year

ON THE basis of provisional data it appears that infant mortality in the United States has continued to improve in 1951, despite the fact that the birth rate has gone up again. The National Office of Vital Statistics, Public Health Service, has published in the Monthly Vital Statistics Bulletin for February 1952 an analysis of the telegraphic reports received from the various states for the year 1951. While the data are subject to correction [See Figure 1. in Source PDF.] and final figures will almost surely result in slight revisions, previous experience indicates that the general trend is quite accurate. Figure 1 presents the month by month comparison, throughout the year, for birth rate, death rate, and infant mortality rate. Marriage license rate is shown through November 1951. It will be noted that in every month of the year the birth rate was higher than in the corresponding month of 1950. The annual rate was 24.5 per 1000 population, 4.3% higher than in 1950 but 5% lower than the peak birth rate reached in 1947. Taking into account an estimate for births which were not reported it is thought that 3,833,000 births took place in 1951. This is the greatest number of births in one year in the history of our country.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-675 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Registration Area

CONTINUOUS decline in infant mortality has been maintained in national figures since 1936. Prior to this the preceding 20 years had witnessed a steady downward trend although there had been occasional annual interruptions. Final figures for 1948, issued by The National Office of Vital Statistics in Special Reports, Vol. 35, Number 13, p. 188, August 23, 1950, indicate a total of 113,169 deaths under 1 year of age as having [See Chart I in source pdf.] been registered in the United States. This represents a rate of 32.0 per 1,000 live births, the lowest in our history. Chart 1 indicates the trend in the "Expanding Birth Registration Area" since 1915. In that year the "Area" was set up with 10 states and the District of Columbia. In 1933, with the admission of Texas, the "Area" included all 48 states. Over the 33 year period the decline in total infant mortality has been more than two thirds. The different periods of the first year of life have not, however, shared equally in the decline. The second half of the year has had the most favorable experience with a decline of 85%, while the first day has had the least decline, less than one third.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
First Time

FOR THE first time in many years, it is necessary to report that the infant mortality rate has increased over the preceding year. From 1936 through 1956 the infant mortality rate had declined steadily each year, decreasing 54% during this period from the figure of 57.1 per 1,000 live births for 1936 to 26.1 in 1956. These and other basic data on vital statistics in the United States are reported each year in preliminary form by the National Office of Vital Statistics in its regular publication Monthly Vital Statistics Report. The data in this column are taken from this year's summary, published in Volume 6, No. 13, of Monthly Vital Statistics Report on April 9, 1958, from which Figure 1 and Table I (abridged) are reproduced. It is to be noted that although this report is based on estimates they are nevertheless considered quite reliable. Previous experience has shown that the final report is not significantly different from the estimates and for all practical purposes the latter present the correct situation. In 1956, for example, the final report indicated that the actual number of infant deaths was approximately one-tenth of 1% below the estimate. NATURE AND SOURCE OF DATA Birth and death figures in the Monthly Vital Statistics Report summarize information from monthly reports of the numbers of birth and death certificates received in registration offices between two dates a month apart, regardless of when the events occurred. Final figures, by contrast, are obtained from copies of certificates received in the National Office of Vital Statistics for events actually occurring in the reporting year.

ANNUAL SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS—1965

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
United States Population ◽  
First Time ◽  
Number Of Births

A CONTINUED downward trend for births, slightly upward for marriages, and about the same rate as last year for deaths characterize the provisional vital statistics of the United States for 1965 (Table 1). Despite the falling birth rate almost 2,000,000 persons were added to the United States population through the excess of births over deaths. Births in 1965 were down about 7% from 1964, bringing the total number, estimated at 3,767,000, below 4,000,000 for the first time in 12 years. The number of births was the lowest since 1951, giving a crude birth rate of 19.4 births per 1,000 population and a fertility rate of 96.7.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-703
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Mortality Analysis

THERE are reprinted below certain charts from two publications of the National Office of Vital Statistics in the U. S. Public Health Service, FSA, "Monthly Vital Statistics Index" and "Current Mortality Analysis." From the former are the trends in birth rate and infant mortality rate. These are based on provisional data and may be subject to slight change when final figures are available. Birth rates are per 1000 estimated population excluding armed forces overseas; infant mortality rates are per 1000 live births, adjusted for the changing number of births. Attention is called to the persisting high birth rate and the gratifying continuing fall in infant mortality. [See Figure in Source Pdf] The variation charts (p. 703), from Current Mortality Analysis, are printed to indicate the present day seasonal changes in these diseases as well as to show the extent of the differences which may usually be expected from one year to the next. Although the charts are based on a 10% sample it may be expected that in general they come close to describing the actual situation in the country at large. It should be noted that the data represent death rates as reported on death certificates and therefore reflect only indirectly the prevalence of the disease. The three components of the variation charts are: (1) the dots which represent the values of the monthly death rates observed from the sample, (2) the central line which represents the expected death rate for a given cause of death in a particular area and (3) the shaded band above and below the central line.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
First Year Of Life

THE annual summary charts of essential vital statistics in the U.S.A., based on preliminary estimates, are reprinted below from the Monthly Vital Statistics Report, National Office of Vital Statistics, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. They show, in general, little change from the preceding year, although, in some instances, monthly variations are greater. Pediatricians turn first to infant mortality as a sensitive index of pediatric and public health progress. Although the total number of infant deaths has increased to 109,000, the rate is essentially unchanged—28.6. Preliminary over-all figures, however, do not show the important variations in mortality by race, by specific age periods of the first year of life or by the chief causes, factors which need to be analyzed in order to interpret infant mortality rates properly. One interesting breakdown is available—that by state and geographic region, presented in the table. Far less variation is apparent than was true 25 years ago. Only three states—New Mexico, Arizona and South Carolina—have rates over 40, yet in 1936, at the beginning of the most recent generalized national and statewide effort for promotion of child health and prevention of infant mortality, the rates in these states ranged around 100 or more.

Cultural Factors Affecting the Negotiation of First Sexual Intercourse among Latina Adolescent Mothers

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela I. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Latina Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Adolescent Birth ◽  
First Time

In 1995, the Latina adolescent birth rate surpassed that of African Americans for the first time. This article investigates cultural and social factors affecting the initiation of sexual intercourse among Latina adolescent mothers in Los Angeles. The data are from life history interviews with forty young mothers and their partners conducted in 1994 to 1997. Results suggest that sexual intercourse is initiated within the context of the couple's developing relationship, and that the course of relationships is highly scripted. Men pressure for sex and women resist. Women should be ignorant about sex, but control access to intercourse. Sex is never discussed. Thus, it is unexpected, and contraception other than withdrawal is not used. This script places young Latinas at enormous risk for pregnancy and STDs.

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