OBSERVATIONS ON THE BACTERIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NURSERY INFECTIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-918
Author(s):  
A. F. Hardyment ◽  
R. A. Wilson ◽  
W. Cockcroft ◽  
Betty Johnson

THE STUDY of the control of skin infections of the newborn infants was started in the winter of 1948-49, when the incidence of pyoderma neonatorum in the nurseries of the Vancouver General Hospital reached a rate of 121 cases per 1000 live-births. At that time the nursery techniques were improved and there was a change from "dry" skin care to the application of 1% ammoniated mercury ointment. This did not prove to have a lasting beneficial effect. From January 1, 1948 until April 30, 1952, the incidence of pyoderma varied in a most unpredicted manner. From May 1, 1952 until December 31, 1956, various methods of skin care were used experimentally to determine the effect of these on the pyoderma rate in the nurseries. During these observations, a study was made of various other aspects of the epidemiology of pyoderma neonatorum: 1. Studies of staphylococcal contamination of the environment. a) Nasal carrier rate of infants, mothers, nurses and other personnel. b) Nursery air. c) The intact skin of normal infants versus infants with pyoderma. d) Mothers' hands and bedding. e) Nurses' hands and gowns. f) Babies' tubs and bedding. 2. Identification by phage-typing and antibiotic resistance of the organisms isolated. a) From pustules. b) From nasal carriers. 3. Observation of the cytology of exudate from pustules (bacterial and nonbacterial). THE NURSERIES In the Women's Pavilion of the Vancouver General Hospital are six regular nurseries providing from 21.0 to 31.0 square feet per bassinet. The number of bassinets per nursery ranges from 12 to 22. The daily census shows that the per cent of occupancy ranges from 61 to 81.

1967 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Noble ◽  
H. A. Valkenburg ◽  
Caroline H. L. Wolters

Nose, throat and finger carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in a series of random samples from a normal European population.No evidence for a seasonal trend in carriage was found but the intersample variation between successive random samples was obtained. The mean nasal carrier rate was 29 % with a standard deviation of 7 %.No association was found between nasal or throat carriage of staphylococci and stay in hospital or antibiotic therapy but respondents with penicillin-resistant staphylococci in the nose had skin infections more frequently than those with penicillin-sensitive strains.Evidence was obtained for a family, perhaps genetic, ‘predisposition’ to carry staphylococci in the nose.


Author(s):  
Yuhemy Zurizah Yuhemy Zurizah ◽  
Rini Mayasari Rini Mayasari

ABSTRACT Low Birth Weight (LBW) was defined as infants born weighing less than 2.500 grams. WHO estimates that nearly all (98%) of the five million neonatal deaths in developing countries. According to City Health if Palembang Departement, infant mortality rate (IMR) in the year 2007 is 3 per 1000 live births, in 2008 four per 1000 live births, and in 2009 approximately 2 per 1000 live births. The cause of LBW is a disease, maternal age, social circumstances, maternal habits factors, fetal factors and environmental factors. LBW prognosis depending on the severity of the perinatal period such as stage of gestation (gestation getting younger or lower the baby's weight, the higher the mortality), asphyxia / ischemia brain, respiratory distress syndromesmetabolic disturbances. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age and educations mothers of pregnancy with the incidence of LBW in the General Hospital Dr Center. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2010 This study uses the Analytical Ceoss Sectional Survey. The study population was all mothers who gave birth in public hospitals center Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2010 were 1.476 mothers gave birth with a large sample of 94 studies of maternal taken by systematic random sampling, ie research instument Check List. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate. The results of this study show from 94 mothers of LBW was found 45 people (47,9%) Which has a high risk age 26 LBW ( 27,7%) while the distance of low educations LBW (55,3%). From Chi-Square test statistic that compares the p value with significance level α = 0,05 showed a significant correlation between maternal age, where the p value = 0,002, of education mothers of pregnancy p value = 0,003 with LBW. In the general hospital center Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang ini 2010. Expected to researches who will come to examine in more depth.   ABSTRAK Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) telah didefinisikan sebagai bayi lahir kurang dari 2.500 gram. WHO memperkirakan hampir semua (98%) dari 5 juta kematian neonatal di negara berkembang. Menurut Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) pada tahun 2007 yaitu 3 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup, pada tahun 2008 4 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup, dan pada tahun 2009 sekitar 2 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebab BBLR adalah penyakit, usia ibu, keadaan sosial, faktor kebiasaan ibu, dan faktor lingkungan. Prognosis BBLR tergantung dari berat ringannya masa perinatal misalnya masa gestasi (makin muda masa gestasi atau makin rendah berat bayi, makin tinggi angka kematian), asfiksia atau iskemia otak, sindrom gangguan pernafasan, gangguan metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian BBLR di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik Cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang tahun 2010 sebanyak 1.476 ibu melahirkan dengan besar sampel penelitian 94 ibu melahirkan yang diambil dengan tehnik acak sistematik, instrumen penelitian yaitu check list. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 94 ibu didapatkan kejadian BBLR 45 orang (47,9%) yang memiliki umur resiko tinggi 26 kejadian BBLR (27,7%) sedangkan yang pendidikan rendah 52 kejadian BBLR (55,3%). Dari statistik uji Chi-square yang membandingkan p value dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur ibu p value (0,002) , pendidikan p value (0,003) dengan kejadian BBLR di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2010. Diharapkan bagi peneliti yang akan datang untuk meneliti lebih mendalam.


1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H.Riewerts Eriksen ◽  
F. Espersen ◽  
V.Thamdrup Rosdahl ◽  
K. Jensen

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to investigate the frequency of the nasal carrier rate ofStaphylococcus aureus. The investigation was performed on 104 healthy persons. The total number of swabs performed was 1498 and this resulted in isolation of 522S. aureusstrains. All strains have been identified, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and phage-typed. The carrier-index (number of positive swabs/number of total swabs for each individual person) was compared with different sampling and culturing methods, phage type, age, and resistance to antibiotics. There was statistical difference in carrier rate according to sex (P·05). Among the 104 persons 15 (14·4%) were persistent carriers, 17 (16·3%) intermittent carriers, 55 (52·9%) occasional carriers and 17 (16·3%) non-carriers. Among intermittent and occasional carriers the phage-type distribution was different from theS. aureusstrains isolated from Danish hospitalized patients in 1992, while the persistent carriers had similar phage-type distribution.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-666
Author(s):  
Héctor Márquez-Monter ◽  
Alessandra Carnevale-López ◽  
Susana Kofman-Alfaro

A survey of sex chromatin was carried out in 3,000 newborn children at the General Hospital of Mexico City; 1,484 were males and 1,516 were females. In the male group 4 infants (0.26%) had positive chromatin and were considered to have a possible XXY or XXYY constitution. In the female group 3 infants (0.19%) did not show sex chromatin and were possible carriers of an XO complement. No correlation was found between the maternal age and number of pregnancies and the discrepant children. A comparison was made between the results obtained in this study and similar studies carried out in other countries. Fourteen instances of congenital abnormalities were found in this study; Down's syndrome was the most frequent (1/750-0.13%).


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-412

Discussion–following papers by Kimbrough, Mullick and Gluck Richard Davis, USC: We have been examining brain sections from infants who have died in our nursery. So far we have found five cases similar to those described by Dr. Lampert. However, they occurred both during the period when hexachlorophene was being used as well as after its use had been discontinued. Dr. Shinefield: What was the concentration of hexachlorophene used? Dr. Davis: One teaspoon of 3% hexachlorophene in a quart of water. Moderator: With such a dilute solution, the amount of hexachborophene actually administered must have been very small. This raises the question as to whether the treated infants form a suitable study group. Dr. Alan Hodson: We have 10 cases showing striking bilateral and symmetrical vacuobation in myelinated areas; six were newborn infants and four were dermatobogical cases. The newborn infants were all immature (27 to 34 weeks' gestation) and received daily baths of 3% hexachiorophene for approximately 8 days. They were selected from 40 infants who died between 1967 and 1971. None of the infants was asphyxiated at birth and none required artificial ventilation. These are preliminary data and we do not yet know what the incidence of these lesions might have been before hexachlorophene bathing was introduced. Dr. Finberg: I would bike to report an observation recently made in Peru which might be a description of chronic hexachborophene toxicity following absorption of the chemical through the intact skin. In a unit established to study nutritional problems in children with severe marasmic kwashiarkor, the children were noted to become lethargic, vomit, and develop neurological manifestations when on special diets.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Pankratova ◽  
O.S. Panina ◽  
A.S. Eiberman ◽  
N.V. Pozgaleva ◽  
E.N. Mureeva
Keyword(s):  

1962 ◽  
Vol 1 (22) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. PlUECKHAHN ◽  
R. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
S. S. Reza

The present study on the acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus by patients during their stay in a mental hospital, and the nasal carrier rate in the institutionalized patients, was prompted by the fact that in 1959 and 1960 193 out of a total of 407 deaths in Napsbury Hospital were due to lung infection, and that a bacteriological study of 45 unselected cases at necropsy in 1960 had suggested that the fatal lung infections were predominantly staphylococcal (Table I). The incidence of staphylococcal skin lesions, however, remained low, and only 147 cases of this kind were reported during 1959 and 1960 (4 per cent. per annum of the population) (Table II).


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