ENTERIC CANDIDIASIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Philip J. Kozinn ◽  
Claire L. Taschdjian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Comparative Response ◽  
Clinical Clue ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Stool Cultures

Direct microscopic examination of fecal smears permits differentiation between the saprophytic and the pathogenic phase of intestinal Candida albicans. The pathogenic phase is characterized by the presence of mycelia (M) in direct smears. When C. albicans is present saprophytically, direct fecal smears are negative or show the yeast form (Y) only. MY-positive fecal smears were found with nine times higher frequency in abnormal than in normal-appearing stools of infants with oral thrush who yielded C. albicans in stool cultures. Candidal enteritis was diagnosed on the basis of MY-positive fecal smears in 27 patients, and was ruled out on the basis of MY-negative fecal smears in six patients who yielded the organism in cultures only. The validity of the a priori diagnosis was tested by the comparative response of the MY-positive and the MY-negative patients to specific anticandidal therapy (nystatin) given by mouth. Of the patients, 88% responded clinically and mycologically as predicted on the basis of direct mycological stool examinations. Of the MY-positive patients, 80% responded to nystatin within an average of 3 days' therapy. All six MY-negative patients failed to respond within an average of 12 days' therapy. The difference in response was found to be statistically significant. Oral and/or cutaneous candidiasis was present in 85% of the MY- positive patients. The presence of oral and/or cutaneous candidiasis in a patient with diarrhea furnishes a clinical clue to probable candidal etiology of the enteritis.

INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENESIS OF NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429
Author(s):  
Philip J. Kozinn ◽  
Claire L. Taschdjian ◽  
Harry Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Expectant Mother ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Neonatal Candidiasis

Differences in the day of discharge, the size of the sample and methods of diagnosis largely account for the considerable variations in reports regarding the incidence of oral thrush at various institutions. Factors commonly listed as contributory to oral thrush, such as debility, prematurity, and so forth, were not found to be operative in the series of cases studied. Preceding antibiotic therapy did not raise the incidence of neonatal oral thrush. The lack of resistance of the newborn infant to Candida albicans infection of the mucous membranes appears to be due to intrinsic defects in immunity which are not as yet understood. Maternal vaginal candidiasis appears to be the primary source of neonatal candidiasis. The latter is most effectively prevented by adequate mycologic screening and therapy of the expectant mother. Infants infected at birth harbor Candida albicans for several days before they develop clinical evidence of oral or cutaneous candidiasis. In view of these findings a reevaluation of public health measures for the prevention and spread of oral thrush in nurseries appears desirable.

On Fourier Series in Eigenfunctions of Elliptic Boundary Value Problems

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
M. S. Agranovich ◽  
B. A. Amosov
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Fourier Coefficients ◽  
Elliptic Boundary ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Adjoint Problem ◽  
Elliptic Boundary Value ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract We consider a general elliptic formally self-adjoint problem in a bounded domain with homogeneous boundary conditions under the assumption that the boundary and coefficients are infinitely smooth. The operator in 𝐿2(Ω) corresponding to this problem has an orthonormal basis {𝑢𝑙} of eigenfunctions, which are infinitely smooth in . However, the system {𝑢𝑙} is not a basis in Sobolev spaces 𝐻𝑡 (Ω) of high order. We note and discuss the following possibility: for an arbitrarily large 𝑡, for each function 𝑢 ∈ 𝐻𝑡 (Ω) one can explicitly construct a function 𝑢0 ∈ 𝐻𝑡 (Ω) such that the Fourier series of the difference 𝑢 – 𝑢0 in the functions 𝑢𝑙 converges to this difference in 𝐻𝑡 (Ω). Moreover, the function 𝑢(𝑥) is viewed as a solution of the corresponding nonhomogeneous elliptic problem and is not assumed to be known a priori; only the right-hand sides of the elliptic equation and the boundary conditions for 𝑢 are assumed to be given. These data are also sufficient for the computation of the Fourier coefficients of 𝑢 – 𝑢0. The function 𝑢0 is obtained by applying some linear operator to these right-hand sides.

Magnetotelluric static shift: Estimation and removal using the cokriging method

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. F25-F34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Tournerie ◽  
Michel Chouteau ◽  
Denis Marcotte
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Shift Factor ◽  
Static Shift ◽  
Geostatistical Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resistivity Sounding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Variogram

We present and test a new method to correct for the static shift affecting magnetotelluric (MT) apparent resistivity sounding curves. We use geostatistical analysis of apparent resistivity and phase data for selected periods. For each period, we first estimate and model the experimental variograms and cross variogram between phase and apparent resistivity. We then use the geostatistical model to estimate, by cokriging, the corrected apparent resistivities using the measured phases and apparent resistivities. The static shift factor is obtained as the difference between the logarithm of the corrected and measured apparent resistivities. We retain as final static shift estimates the ones for the period displaying the best correlation with the estimates at all periods. We present a 3D synthetic case study showing that the static shift is retrieved quite precisely when the static shift factors are uniformly distributed around zero. If the static shift distribution has a nonzero mean, we obtained best results when an apparent resistivity data subset can be identified a priori as unaffected by static shift and cokriging is done using only this subset. The method has been successfully tested on the synthetic COPROD-2S2 2D MT data set and on a 3D-survey data set from Las Cañadas Caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands) severely affected by static shift.

scholarly journals Another Name for Liberty: Revelation, ‘Objectivity,’ and Intellectual Freedom in Barth and Marion

Open Theology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-450
Author(s):  
Kristóf Oltvai
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Saturated Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Karl Barth’s and Jean-Luc Marion’s theories of revelation, though prominent and popular, are often criticized by both theologians and philosophers for effacing the human subject’s epistemic integrity. I argue here that, in fact, both Barth and Marion appeal to revelation in an attempt to respond to a tendency within philosophy to coerce thought. Philosophy, when it claims to be able to access a universal, absolute truth within history, degenerates into ideology. By making conceptually possible some ‚evental’ phenomena that always evade a priori epistemic conditions, Barth’s and Marion’s theories of revelation relativize all philosophical knowledge, rendering any ideological claim to absolute truth impossible. The difference between their two theories, then, lies in how they understand the relationship between philosophy and theology. For Barth, philosophy’s attempts to make itself absolute is a produce of sinful human vanity; its corrective is thus an authentic revealed theology, which Barth articulates in Christian, dogmatic terms. Marion, on the other hand, equipped with Heidegger’s critique of ontotheology, highlights one specific kind of philosophizing—metaphysics—as generative of ideology. To counter metaphysics, Marion draws heavily on Barth’s account of revelation but secularizes it, reinterpreting the ‚event’ as the saturated phenomenon. Revelation’s unpredictability is thus preserved within Marion’s philosophy, but is no longer restricted to the appearing of God. Both understandings of revelation achieve the same epistemological result, however. Reality can never be rendered transparent to thought; within history, all truth is provisional. A concept of revelation drawn originally from Christian theology thus, counterintuitively, is what secures philosophy’s right to challenge and critique the pre-given, a hermeneutic freedom I suggest is the meaning of sola scriptura.

NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS OF THERMOVISCOELASTICITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
M. Bukenov ◽  
Ye. Mukhametov
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Elastic Collision ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
A Priori Information ◽  
Deformable Solids ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Priori Information

This paper considers the numerical implementation of two-dimensional thermoviscoelastic waves. The elastic collision of an aluminum cylinder with a two-layer plate of aluminum and iron is considered. In work [1] the difference schemes and algorithm of their realization are given. The most complete reviews of the main methods of calculation of transients in deformable solids can be found in [2, 3, 4], which also indicates the need and importance of generalized studies on the comparative evaluation of different methods and identification of the areas of their most rational application. In the analysis and physical interpretation of numerical results in this work it is also useful to use a priori information about the qualitative behavior of the solution and all kinds of information about the physics of the phenomena under study. Here is the stage of evolution of contact resistance of collision – plate, stress profile.

XXV. Note on the tides in the port of London

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
A Priori ◽  
High Water ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The Difference

Mr. Stratford has favoured me with a comparison of the predicted times of high water deduced from Mr. Bulpit’s Tables, White’s Ephemeris, and the British Almanac, with the observations at the London Docks. These observations are, unfortunately, so imperfect, that the differences must not be entirely attributed to the errors of the Tables, which, however, seem susceptible of much improvement. I subjoin this comparison; and in order to convey an idea of the confidence which may be placed in the observations, I also subjoin a comparison, by Mr. Deacon, of the observations at the London and St. Katherine’s Docks, which are made according to the same plan, and of which the merit is the same. The differences in the determinations at these two places, which are only about a quarter of a mile distant from each other, may serve to indicate the reliance which can be placed in either. In my paper on the Tides at Brest, I remarked that the retard or the constant λ — λ, is considerably greater as deduced from observation here than at Brest. That this must be the case is also evident from the following very simple à priori considerations.—The highest high water takes place when the moon passes the meridian at a time equal to the retard. The tide is propagated from Brest to London, round Scotland, in about twenty-two hours, that is, supposing the tide which takes place in our river to be principally due to that branch of the tide which descends along the eastern coast of Great Britain, which I believe to be the case. The highest tide therefore is propagated from Brest to London in about twenty-two hours, and the difference in the retard or in the constant λ — λ, will be nearly the moon’s motion in twenty-two hours, or about 11°; I made the difference in the retard from observation 10°. The tide takes about fifteen hours to reach Brest from the Cape of Good Hope; no doubt the retard there is considerably less.

On Consonant-Sounds

1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 219-247
Author(s):  
R. J. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Successive Change ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consonant Sounds

The prime object of the following paper is to assist in deciphering the irregular traces which represent the consonants in a phonographic record, by investigating a priori, from the causes which create the consonant, the elements which probably lie entangled in the tracing to be interpreted. Accurately speaking, the difference between vowel and consonant is not one of nature, but of function. To define either vowel or consonant, it is necessary first to define a syllable. All human speech proceeds in rapid alternations of louder and softer, more sonorous and less sonorous. These alternations vary considerably in energy; any one of them may be twice as long, or twice as loud, or twice as sudden in its rise or in its fall as its next neighbour. They seem, in fact, to tend both in duration and in form and in energy rather to a successive change than to any regularity; but each of them is a syllable. A syllable, then, is a wave of sonority, one climax of sound, with its accompanying rise and fall. Accurately speaking, this climax is a subjective one.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG AGUNG SEMERU DAN PISANG MAS KIRANA VARIETAS LUMAJANG DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Dwi Nur Rikhmasari
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Random Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Better Than

<p align="center"> </p><p><em>A</em><em>gung Semeru </em><em>banana </em><em>and </em><em>M</em><em>as Kirana, is one of the typical banana varieties found in Lumajang Regency. Where on the </em><em>banana peel extraction</em><em> contain various antifungi compounds. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of banana extract of Agung Semeru and banana Mas Kirana varieties of lumajang, in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, and to know the optimal concentration which can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. The method used was Completely Random Design (RAL) with four of factors, that is: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %. The results were analyzed with Anova test and Duncan test multiple ranger test at the level of 5%. Each treatment was repeated three times. </em><em>The results show that there is an effect of giving extract of Semeru banana peel (sig = 0,00) and banana Mas Kirana (sig = 0,00) to Candida albicans growth at various concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). For extract of Semeru banana peel at concentration 75% (</em><em>3,19  ± 0,84</em><em> mm) showed better result from other concentration, while for banana Mas Kirana Lumajang peel extract, at concentration 50% (</em><em>2,44 ± 0,0 mm</em><em>) showed better result than treatment other. Ability of antifungal activity of Agung Semeru banana peel extract better than banana Mas Kirana.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals A Discrete Analog of the Lyapunov Function for Hyperbolic Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-602
Author(s):  
R D Aloev ◽  
M U Khudayberganov
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Hyperbolic Systems ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Priori Estimate ◽  
Discrete Analog ◽  
Priori Estimate ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dissipative Boundary ◽  
Linear Hyperbolic System

We study the difference splitting scheme for the numerical calculation of stable solutions of a two-dimensional linear hyperbolic system with dissipative boundary conditions in the case of constant coefficients with lower terms. A discrete analog of the Lyapunov function is constructed and an a priori estimate is obtained for it. The obtained a priori estimate allows us to assert the exponential stability of the numerical solution.

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