Determination of calcium content and its economic efficiency in medicines and biologically active additives

Calcium is directly involved in metabolic processes and the formation of tissues, bones and teeth, nourishes nerve tissues, lowers cholesterol, normalizes blood pressure. The development of the fetus depends on calcium, as well as the well-being and general health of the expectant mother. Several of the most popular calcium-containing medications and dietary supplements were investigated. The content of total and soluble calcium was determined. The selection of samples of finished medicines was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the control instructions approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Key words: calcium, calcium-containing preparations, soluble calcium content.

A biopsychosocial approach of the expectant mother

Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να παρατηρήσει και να περιγράψει την επίδραση των διαφορετικών υποτύπων της ψυχολογικής παραμέτρου της «θεωρίας δεσμού» (attachment theory – attachment styles) στις εκφάνσεις του αναφερόμενου αλλά και βιολογικά προσδιοριζόμενου στρες που αφορά τον πληθυσμό της ευαίσθητης ομάδας των νέων μητέρων και λεχωίδων, με σημείο αναφοράς το συμβάν του τοκετού, ένα φυσιολογικά σημαντικό και στρεσσογόνο γεγονός ζωής.Κατά την κλινική πράξη και στον τομέα της μαιευτικής-γυναικολογίας εν προκειμένω ως το βασικό πλαίσιο παρατήρησης των περιγεννητικών ζητημάτων, μαιευτήρες, ψυχίατροι και ψυχολόγοι συχνά έρχονται αντιμέτωποι με περιστατικά γυναικών που αναφέρουν δυσκολίες ψυχολογικής προσαρμογής, στρες ή την παρουσία ψυχιατρικής συμπτωματολογίας λόγω των αυξημένων απαιτήσεων που η εγκυμοσύνη και η λοχεία επιφέρουν στην καθημερινότητα των γυναικών.Η ερευνητική διαδικασία της παρούσας διατριβής βασίστηκε στη χορήγηση τεσσάρων ψυχομετρικών εργαλείων (ερωτηματολογίων) σε πληθυσμό εγκύων & λεχωίδων (N=105) της Β’ Μαιευτικής – Γυναικολογικής Κλινικής του Αρεταιείου Νοσοκομείου και στην επεξεργασία των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών, καθώς παράλληλα διενεργήθηκε συλλογή και εργαστηριακή μέτρηση βιολογικών δεικτών του στρες (κορτιζόλη σιέλου και α – αμυλάση σιέλου). Κατόπιν ακολούθησε στατιστική ανάλυση όλων των συλλεχθέντων αποτελεσμάτων.Τόσο η εκτενής βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, όσο και τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας έρευνας έδειξαν πως η παρουσία της γενικής κατηγορίας του «ανασφαλούς τύπου δεσμού» ενδέχεται να συμβάλλει στην ανάδυση βιολογικών ενδείξεων στρες και καταθλιπτικής συμπτωματολογίας, αμέσως μετά τον τοκετό. Παράλληλα παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική στατιστική συσχέτιση μεταξύ της προωρότητας του νεογνού, του ιστορικού προηγούμενων τοκετών, της παρουσίας «ανασφαλούς δεσμού» και των αυξομειώσεων της κορτιζόλης σιέλου στη μητέρα, μεταγεννητικά. Παράλληλα ειδικότερα όσον αφορά την υπο-ομάδα των συμμετεχουσών (N=37) από τις οποίες ελήφθησαν δείγματα τόσο προγεννητικά όσο και μεταγεννητικά, φάνηκε ότι τα επίπεδα κορτιζόλης σιέλου μεταγεννητικά ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικά αυξημένα στην περίπτωση των γυναικών που ανήκουν στον «ανασφαλή τύπο» δεσμού.Η παρουσία «ασφαλούς τύπου δεσμού» που παρατηρείται σε ζευγάρια με δυνατό ποιοτικά δεσμό μεταξύ των δύο συντρόφων, φαίνεται να δρα προστατευτικά απέναντι σε ενδεχόμενες αντιξοότητες, βοηθώντας τις γυναίκες που ανήκουν στην κατηγορία του «ασφαλούς δεσμού» να αντλήσουν από το απόθεμα των συναισθηματικών τους πόρων και του ευρύτερου καλώς έχειν της ψυχικής τους κατάστασης. Συνεπώς είναι αρτιότερα εξοπλισμένες να προετοιμαστούν με αποτελεσματικότερο τρόπο απέναντι στις πιθανές δυσκολίες που η περιγεννητική περίοδος συχνά συνεπάγεται.Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ενημέρωση των επαγγελματιών περιγεννητικής υγείας και του κοινού αναφορικά με τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν, ώστε να επιτευχθεί η ενίσχυση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών υγείας και να εμπλουτιστούν περαιτέρω οι ιατρικές και ψυχοθεραπευτικές παρεμβάσεις σε πληθυσμούς των εγκύων, των νέων μητέρων αλλά και των οικογενειών τους.

Minerals in Pregnancy and Their Impact on Child Growth and Development

During pregnancy, women undergo metabolic and physiological changes, and their needs are higher, to maintain growth and development of the fetus. If the nutritional status of the expectant mother is not satisfactory, some maternal and neonatal complications can occur. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, there is a reserve of nutrients in the fetus that can be utilized after birth; thereby, children present an accelerated growth in the first years of life, which is a proven response to the available nutrition pattern. However, if such a pattern is insufficient, there will be deficits during development, including brain function. Therefore, despite many recent published works about gestational nutrition, uncertainties still remain on the mechanisms of absorption, distribution, and excretion of micronutrients. Further elucidation is needed to better understand the impacts caused either by deficiency or excess of some micronutrients. Thus, to illustrate the contributions of minerals during prenatal development and in children, iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium were selected. Our study sought to review the consequences related to gestational deficiency of the referred minerals and their impact on growth and development in children born from mothers with such deficiencies

Hubungan Paritas Terhadap Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil di Kecamatan Gebang Kabupaten Jember

In 2017 the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia reached 4,167 people, in East Java in 2017 there were 91.92 / 100,000 live births and in Jember there were 41% / 100,000 live birth in 2018. As for the causes of maternal death, among others the occurrence of bleeding during delivery, preeclampsia during pregnancy and postpartum infection. The incidence of anemia in expectant motheris a factor in the occurrence of bleeding during childbirth and the occurrence of infections after childbirth which in turn is the cause of the increase in maternal mortality. And what can cause a pregnant woman to experience anemia is because often a woman gives birth, either still gives birth or lives in large numbers, because the more often the mother gives birth, the more the mother loses iron. This study aims to analyze the relationshipa mother giving birth to a dead or living child in large numbers with the occurrence of anemia at pregnant mother in Gebang district, Jember Regency. The research design used is a correlative study through a cross sectional approach. The population used inside the study were expectant mother in Gebang District from August to September 2020 with a total of 261 people and the sample used in this study was 80 people. In this data analysis test used is a technique that analyzes data on 1 variable independently through frequency distribution and analyzes 2 variables through Chi-Square statistical test. From the results of the analysis test on 80 pregnant mother, the result is thatalmost part that is as much46.2%experienceanemia during pregnancy and most, namely 61% of expectant mother with high parity. And based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical test, it was found that the p-value was 0.012 (<0.05), which has meaning that there is a relationship between mothers who gave birth to many children toagainst anemia in expectant mother. Mothers experience parity will have the risk of anemia during pregnancy which eventually causes bleeding complications during delivery and the risk of bleeding during subsequent pregnancies, as a result of a decrease in hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. Thus, it is hoped that health officercould be more active inside provideespionage for expectant mother as an effort to avoid and get at anemia in expectant mother. Key words: incidence of anemia, parity, pregnant wom

Features Of Anthropometric Indicators Of Children Of The First Year Of Life Born Of Mothers In The State Of Hypothyrozis

During pregnancy, all organs of the mother work more intensely, since they have to be responsible for the vital activity of not only the mother, but also the child. This also applies to the thyroid gland, which provides hormones to both mother and baby until he has formed his own endocrine system. The vital hormones for both are the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). A lack of these hormones, called hypothyroidism, can affect both the course of pregnancy and the health of the expectant mother and her baby. However, with constant medical supervision, pregnancy and natural childbirth with hypothyroidism are quite real. With full control and following all the recommendations of doctors, pregnancy and childbirth with hypothyroidism will go well.

Fifteen-minute consultation: What do I do with a baby born to a mother with tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a considerable disease burden, even in high-income countries such as the UK. In recent years, there has been a change in epidemiology with an increased incidence in those under 30 years old. This increases the proportion of women of childbearing age contracting tuberculosis. There is limited evidence around optimal management of the neonate who has been exposed to tuberculosis; however, we know that neonatal TB is fatal if untreated. It is therefore important to have a framework of how to manage the infants born to these mothers. Good communication between respiratory or infectious diseases physicians treating the expectant mother, maternity and paediatric teams is essential. Prompt assessment of the infant with input from paediatricians with an expertise in paediatric tuberculosis is essential.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS MAKRAYU PALEMBANG

Anemia adalah suatu penyakit dimana kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah kurang dari normal. Anemia berbeda dengan tekanan darah rendah. Menurut hasil analisis Survey Demografi Indinesia (SDKI) 2012, penyebab utama kematian ibu secara langsung adalah perdarahan 28%, eklampsia 24%, dan infeksi 11%. Penyebab tidak langsung adalah anemia 51% (SDKI, 2012).Faktor yang dapat menimbulkan anemia, antara lain kurangnya asupan zat besi dan protein dari makanan, adanya gangguan absorpsi di usus, perdarahan akut maupun kronis, dan meningkatnya kebutuhan zat besi seperti pada wanita hamil, masa pertumbuhan dan masa penyembuhan dari penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Makrayu Palembang tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 256 orang ibu hamil dengan jumlah sampel 38 orang ibu hamil yang dilakukan pada tahun 2019. Sampel yang di ambil menggunakan tehnik accidental sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan data primer dengan distribusi frekuensi pada analisis univariat, dan uji chi-square pada analisis bivariat. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p value = 0,023), paritas (p value= 0,005), dan pengetahuan (p value=0,011) dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Makrayu Palembang tahun 2019. Disarankan pada institusi kesehatan agar meningkatkan lagi mutu pelayanan kesehatan khususnya untuk anemia pada kehamilan.Pregnancy is fertilization or the combination of spermatozoa and ovum that continued by implantation from fertilization to delivery period. The normal pregnancy period is 40 weeks or 10 months or 9 months based on international calendar. There were some factors could cause anemia such as the lack of ferrum and protein from the foods, intestine absorption problem, acute or chronicle bleeding, need of ferrum for expectant mothers, and recovery period. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors correlate with anemia to expectant mother at Makrayu public health center Palembang in 2014. The analytical survey through cross sectional method was used in this study. The population of the study was 256 expectant mothers and the total number of the sample was 38 expectant mothers on 2019. The accidental sampling method was used to select the sample. The primer data was used at univariate analysis and chi-square was used at bivariate analysis. The result of the study showed that there was a significant correlation between age (p-value 0.023), parity (p-value 0.005, knowledge (p-value 0.011) and anemia to expectant mothers at Makrayu public health center Palembang in 2019. Finally, it is hoped that Health institution could improve service quality especially for anemia to expectant mother. It is hoped that next study could improve and ad some variables to get more information.

Walk with Me: A Bridge Program for Assisting Families Expecting Babies with Fetal Anomalies and/or a Terminal Diagnosis

When an expectant mother hears the news that her infant has a fetal anomaly, she may feel unsure of the future. A RN recognized the needs of women (and their families) expecting infants with critical fetal diagnoses and reached out to help them through their journey—through the pregnancy, delivery, and beyond. The act of walking alongside the mothers through their experience has grown into a formal program at a specialized children's and womens' hospital in the southeastern United States. This article describes the purpose of the program, how the program came into existence, and what services the program provides to this special population. The program continues to evolve, and the team members have worked with over 169 mothers to date.