THE ETIOLOGICAL ROLE OF MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE IN OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN

The paper brings a report on the isolation and identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as possible etiological agent of otitis media in three naturally infected children. The disease was a complication of a mild respiratory tract illness. All patients recovered in the course of one week. M. pneumoniae isolation was successful both in enriched liquid and on solid PPLO media from throat swabs of two patients and from the ear swab of one after paracentesis of the eardrum. The strains isolated grew on solid media forming typical colonies and producing hemolysin. Their final identification was accomplished by means of the immunofluorescence as well as by the complement-fixation test. In the paired sera of two of these patients a significant rise of complement-fixing antibody against both the M. pneumoniae standard strain (strain F.H.) and the strains isolated was established. On the other hand there were no antibody rises against influenza viruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, and RS virus, nor a significant rise of antistreptolysin O.

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Role of solid media when used in conjunction with the BACTEC system for mycobacterial isolation and identification.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.29.1.154-157.1991 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 154-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C E Stager ◽

J P Libonati ◽

S H Siddiqi ◽

J R Davis ◽

N M Hooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isolation And Identification ◽

Solid Media ◽

Bactec System

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Bullous Myringitis

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.7.2.51 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 51-52

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽

Bacterial Cultures ◽

Specific Agent

A literature review regarding bullous myringitis revealed ony one case due to culturally proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae among 16 cultured cases. In addition, there was only one case of viral (adenovirus) bullous myringitis in 13 appropriately cultured patients. Forty-three of 66 patients for whom bacterial cultures were performed revealed bullous myringitis due to pneumococcus (21 cases), due to Haemophilus influenzae (14 cases), and due to β-hemolytic Streptococcus (ten cases). Thus, bullous myringitis is "... merely acute otitis media with blisers within the substance of the eardrum ... bullous myringitis should be treated the same as other types of acute otitis media." Comment: There are few or no data to support the role of any specific agent as the cause of bullous myringitis, nor is there reason to believe that bullous myringitis is a specific entity.

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ROLE OF MASTOIDECTOMY IN TYPE 1 TYMPANOPLASTY OF SAFE TYPE CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2016/1167 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (102) ◽

pp. 5645-5649

Author(s):

Sami Ullah ◽

Faiz S. M ◽

Mohd Shakeel ◽

Saurabh Srivastav ◽

Satveer Singh Jassal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Type 1 Tympanoplasty ◽

A Prospective Study

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Role of Interleukin-18 and T-helper Type 1 Cytokines in the Development of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Adults

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.121.5.1493 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 1493-1497 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Hiroshi Tanaka ◽

Mitsuo Narita ◽

Shin Teramoto ◽

Toyohiro Saikai ◽

Kensuke Oashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Interleukin 18 ◽

T Helper ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia ◽

Helper Type

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and influenza in children with respiratory infections in Alexandria, Egypt

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.4458 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. 379-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tiziana Grassi ◽

Fabiola Mancini ◽

Alessandra Ciervo ◽

Maria Fenicia Vescio ◽

Abeer Ghazal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Mild Disease ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Pediatric Morbidity

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Information about etiological agents of ARI in developing countries is still limited. Methodology: Throat swabs collected from children hospitalized with ARI between December 2009 and May 2010 were investigated for Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and influenza viruses by molecular analyses. Results: This study conducted in Alexandria, Egypt, was designed to determine the prevalence of several microorganisms in 156 children hospitalized with ARI. Overall, samples from 76 individuals (49%) were found to be positive for at least one pathogen, and 10 of them were positive for two agents. C. pneumoniae was the most commonly detected agent, followed by M. pneumonia and H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. Positivity for C. pneumoniae was associated with colder months and mild disease of the upper respiratory tract such as laryngitis. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to identify other possible agents of ARI (e.g., RSV, adenoviruses, other bacterial infections) in this population and to better understand the causal role of atypical bacteria detected in respiratory samples.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS AS A CAUSE OF OTITIS MEDIA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.52.4.569 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 569-576

Author(s):

Ralph D. Feigin ◽

Penelope G. Shackelford ◽

Joel Campbell ◽

Thomas O. Lyles ◽

Miriam Schechter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Solid Media ◽

Number Of Patients

One hundred thirty children with clinical evidence of otitis media were studied. Cultures were obtained from the external auditory canal (prior and subsequent to cleansing), the middle ear (by needle aspiration), the nasopharynx, and throat. Gram stained smears of purulent material obtained from the middle ear were prepared. Isolates of Staphylcoccus epidermidis from the middle ear of patients with otitis media, S. epidermidis isolates from skin, S. epidermidis isolates from blood, and S. aureus isolates from blood were evaluated with regard to lysostaphin sensitivity, lysozyme production, DNAse production, oxygen consumption, growth rate and sensitivity to antibiotics and compared with each other. In ten patients S. epidermidis grew in pure culture on solid media and in nine of these individuals a gram stained smear showed gram-positive cocci within polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Each of these patients had a febrile illness and a bulging red tympanic membrane. Seven of the ten isolates were resistant to penicillin. With regard to most of the metabolic characteristics measured, isolates of S. epidermidis from the middle ear were similar to both pathogenic and nonpathogenic S. epidermidis recovered from other sources. Staphylococcus epidermidis may be the etiologic agent responsible for purulent otitis media in a small number of patients.

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Croup: An 11-Year Study in a Pediatric Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.71.6.871 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 871-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Floyd W. Denny ◽

Thomas F. Murphy ◽

Wallace A. Clyde ◽

Albert M. Collier ◽

Frederick W. Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

First Year ◽

Parainfluenza Viruses ◽

Croup Syndrome ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Type 3

The etiology and epidemiology of croup were studied in a pediatric group practice over an 11-year period, 1964 to 1975. Croup was diagnosed in 951 instances in 6,165 cases of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) studied. As census figures of the practice clientele were available, attack rates were calculated. The incidence of total LRI was highest in the first year of life. In contrast, the attack rate for croup was highest in the second year of life; the rate declined gradually after that age. Croup was not diagnosed in the first month of life. Boys were 1.43 times more likely to develop croup than were girls. Three hundred sixty agents were isolated from the 951 croup cases. The parainfluenza viruses accounted for 74.2% of all isolates; 65% of the parainfluenza isolates were classified as parainfluenza virus type 1. Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses A and B, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the only other agents isolated in appreciable numbers. The propensity of various agents to produce croup symptoms in children with LRI due to specific microorganisms was 58% for parainfluenzae type 1, 60% for parainfluenzae type 2, and 29% for parainfluenzae type 3; similar figures for the other agents varied from 5% to 16%. The role of the various agents in the etiology of croup varied with patient age and depended on the propensity of the agent to produce the croup syndrome and the frequency of isolation of the agent at that age. The parainfluenza viruses were the most important croup agents at all ages; respiratory syncytial virus caused croup in children less than 5 years of age whereas the influenza viruses and M pneumoniae were significant causes of croup only in children more than 5 to 6 years old. Croup occurred predominately in late fall and early winter, times when the parainfluenza viruses, especially type 1, occurred most frequently. The epidemiology of croup differs from that of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheobronchitis; knowledge of this should be helpful to the clinician caring for children with LRI.

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A new incidence peak of childhood narcolepsy type 1 in 2013: a new perspective on the role of influenza virus?

10.1101/2019.12.31.19016246 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhongxing Zhang ◽

Jari Gool ◽

Rolf Fronczek ◽

Claudio L. Bassetti ◽

Yves Dauvilliers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Disease Onset ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

New Perspective

AbstractIncreased incidence rates of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) after the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic (pH1N1) have been reported world-wide. While some European countries found an association between the NT1 increase and H1N1 vaccination Pandemrix, reports from Asian countries suggested the H1N1 virus rather than Pandemrix to be linked with the increase of new NT1 cases. We analyzed the number of de-novo NT1 cases in the last two decades until 2016 using the European Narcolepsy Network (EU-NN) database. Using robust data-driven modelling approaches we confirmed the peak of NT1 incidence in 2009-2010 pH1N1 and identified a new peak in 2013 that is age-specific for children/adolescents. Most of these de-novo cases showed a subacute disease onset consistent with an immune-mediated type of narcolepsy, which is most likely not related to Pandemrix vaccination that was used in 2009-2010, but may have been triggered by some new epidemiological event in Europe. Our finding of an unexpected peak in de-novo children narcolepsy in 2013 provides a unique opportunity to develop new hypotheses, such as considering other (influenza) viruses to further investigate the pathophysiology of immune-mediated narcolepsy.

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Role of pre-operative air-bone gap in outcome in tinnitus after undergoing type-1 tympanoplasty in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 963

Author(s):

Manit M. Mandal ◽

Ajay K. Panchal ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Parth B. Kapadia

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Bone Conduction ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear Surgery ◽

Type I ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media

Background: Researches suggest middle ear surgery might improve tinnitus after tympanoplasty. Purpose of this study was to investigate association between pre-operative air-bone gap (ABG) and tinnitus-outcome after tympanoplasty type I.Methods: 100 patients with tinnitus having more than 6 months of symptoms of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) that were refractory to medical treatment were included in study. All patients were evaluated through otoendoscopy, pure-tone audiometry, questionnaire-based survey using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) for tinnitus symptoms before and 4 months after tympanoplasty. Inﬂuence of preoperative bone conduction (BC), preoperative air-bone-gap and postoperative air-bone-gap on tinnitus outcome post-operatively was calculated.Results: Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative BC of <25 dB or >25 dB. Postoperative improvement of tinnitus in both groups showed statistical signiﬁcance. Patients whose preoperative air-bone-gap was <15 dB showed no improvement in postoperative tinnitus using VAS (p=0.887) and THI (p=0.801). Patients whose preoperative air-bone-gap was >15 dB showed signiﬁcant improvement in postoperative tinnitus using VAS (p<0.01) and THI (p=0.015). Postoperative change in tinnitus showed signiﬁcance compared with preoperative tinnitus using VAS (p=0.006). Correlation between reduction in VAS score and air-bone-gap (p=0.201) or between reduction in THI score and air-bone-gap (p=0.270) was not signiﬁcant.Conclusions: Preoperative ABG can be a predictor of tinnitus outcome after tympanoplasty in CSOM with tinnitus.

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