CARDIODYNAMIC STUDIES IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Carlos Vallbona ◽  
Arnold J. Rudolph ◽  
Murdina M. Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Term Neonate ◽  
Cardiac Frequency ◽  
Instantaneous Heart Rate

This study was undertaken to evaluate the degree of changes in instantaneous heart rate of 60 premature infants who did not have respiratory distress. The majority of infants exhibited fluctuations in cardiac frequency which were not as marked as those reported in the healthy term neonate; an observation more evident in the premature infant of less than 1,250 gm in birth weight. The findings suggest (a) that there is cardioregulatory activity even in the very small premature infants and (b) that the cardioregulatory centers of the premature are not as responsive as those of the newborn at term.

CARDIODYNAMIC STUDIES IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-559
Author(s):  
Arnold J. Rudolph ◽  
Carlos Vallbona ◽  
Murdina M. Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Instantaneous Heart Rate ◽  
Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Favorable Outlook

Patterns of instantaneous heart rate were studied in 74 premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Half (50.3%) of the recordings showed this finding during the course of the disease. It was found most frequently during the first 24 hours after birth. This finding is reversed in recovering infants. Based on present data, persisting fixation of the heart rate in an infant with idiopathic respiratory distress appears to be indicative of a poor prognosis, whereas the presence or return of fluctuations in the recording of such an infant may permit a more favorable outlook.

Suck and Swallow in the Premature Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Joyce D. Gryboski
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
The Body

The determination of suck-swallow patterns and esophageal motility were performed on 40 premature infants between 1,700 and 2,500 gm birth weight. After initial mouthing, two types of suck-swallow patterns were noted. The first, "the immature suck-swallow pattern" consisted of a rate of 1 to 1.5 sucks per minute and consisted of short sucking bursts preceded or followed by swallows. The second, "the mature suck-swallow pattern" was characterized by bursts of over 30 sucks, and a rate of 2 per second. Swallows occurred frequently during sucking bursts. The smallest premature infants had poor penistalsis in the body of the esophagus and did not attain a "mature suck-swallow pattern" until after peristalsis had become propagative. It is postulated that the "immature suck-swallow pattern" prevents the delivery of a large amount of fluid which could not be handled by an esophagus which has not yet developed the ability for adequate peristalsis.

HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AND KERNICTERUS IN SMALL PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-925
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Ackerman ◽  
Geraldine Y. Dyer ◽  
Mary M. Leydorf
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin

Serum bilirubin levels above 15 mg/100 ml occurred in 7 of 54 infants with a birth weight of less than 1,500 gm. Definite or probable kernicterus occurred in five of these seven infants. The maximum level of indirect serum bilirubin in the five infants with kernicterus varied from 18.5 to 20.4 mg/100 ml in three infants and from 22.2 to 23.2 mg/100 ml in two. Exchange transfusions were performed in four of the five infants at levels of 18 to 22 mg/100 ml but were ineffective in preventing kernicterus. Skin hemorrhage appeared to be one of the etiologic factors causing the hyperbilirubinemia in the five infants with kernicterus. Exchange transfusion must be performed at levels of indirect bilirubin below 20 mg/100 ml if death or neurologic damage are to be prevented in the small, critically ill premature infant.

Timing of ductal closure in very low birth weight premature infants without respiratory distress

1991 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Reller ◽  
Mary R. Laird ◽  
Mary J. Rice ◽  
Robert W. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ductal Closure

Pneumopericardium in the Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Walker ◽  
Dorothy A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Surfactant Replacement ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
History Of

AbstractPneumopericardium occurs when air accumulates in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart and is one of the rarest forms of air leaks in neonates. Because of various advances in neonatal care, including gentler modes of ventilation, surfactant replacement, and antenatal steroids, the incidence of pneumopericardium has decreased. Despite the decrease in incidence of pneumopericardium, most cases arise in premature infants with a history of respiratory distress and mechanical ventilation. Evidence has shown that the incidence is inversely related to birth weight and that pneumopericardium has high mortality and morbidity rates.

Airway Management in the Premature Infant

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Heroy ◽  
Mhari G. MacDonald ◽  
Eduardo Mazzi ◽  
Herman M. Risemberg
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Treatment Regime ◽  
Premature Newborn ◽  
Combination Approach

Out of 262 premature newborn patients admitted with a diagnosis of respiratory distress, it was necessary to treat 70 with a ventilator. Of these 70, 25 eventually underwent tracheostomy. Indications for tracheostomy were that of an infant needing prolonged endotracheal intubation greater than one week. The procedure itself was easily performed and an overall complication rate of 7% was the result. Of the patients who underwent tracheostomy, 8% had significant complications. There was no death attributable to the treatment regime. We feel, therefore, that a combination approach starting with the endotracheal tube and progressing to tracheostomy when necessary, provided the best care for premature infants requiring intensive airway management.

scholarly journals X-ray image of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns with low and extremely low birth weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Е. А. Krasilnikova ◽  
V. D. Zavadovskaya ◽  
V. A. Zhelev ◽  
J. O. Lyulko ◽  
S. P. Ermolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by immaturity of lung tissue, surfactant deficiency and is a common cause of mortality in premature infants. X-ray is the main method for determining the causes and severity of respiratory failure in newborns.Purpose. Systematization of the results of X-ray examination of the lungs of newborns with varying degrees of prematurity, compared with autopsy data.Materials and methods. The analysis of X-ray data and sectional material of 32 premature infants with low and extremely low body weight who died with clinical manifestations of RDS was performed.Research results. The article provides a comparative analysis of various types of radiological changes in the lungs (reticulo-nodular pulmonary pattern (n=10), cellular deformity of the pulmonary pattern (n=5), «air bronchogram» (n=20), «air leakage» syndrome (n=6), focal-confluent shadows/infiltrative-like foci of darkening (n=9)) and autopsy results of premature newborns.Conclusion. The greatest number of coincidences of radiological and histological data took place in BPD (80%), the smallest — in pulmonary hemorrhages (20%). The coincidence of conclusions for pneumonia and GM disease is 58–56%, respectively. Difficulty in the differential diagnosis of the X-ray picture of the lungs in low birth-weight infants lies in the frequent combination of pathological conditions. Respiratory failure with a wide range of pathological changes in the lungs developed in 15 (53,6%) newborns in the absence of criteria for surfactant insufficiency against the background of respiratory support.

RECOGNITION OF SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1004
Author(s):  
Lula O. Lubchenco
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Respiratory Embarrassment

An analysis of the clinical records of 27 infants who developed spontaneous pneumothorax in the neonatal period is presented; 17 (63%) were premature infants. The age at onset of the disease varied with the birth weight. The infants with birth weights of 1,500 grams or less averaged 24 days of age at the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax, and the full-term infants developed the disease in the immediate newborn period. The diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax was suspected when symptoms of respiratory distress alternated with unusual activity, with an increase of symptoms when the infant was fed or removed from oxygen. The immature infant showed cyanosis or apneic spells, alternating with alertness or apparent hunger. The more mature infant manifested greater respiratory distress and greater activity. The activity assumed the form of irritability, restlessness and, at times, opisthotonus. These symptoms were considered to be due to a persistent lowgrade hypoxia caused by the pneumothorax rather than being manifestations of a vigorous, healthy infant. Signs of infection were minimal or absent. The importance of roentgenograms in establishing the diagnosis is emphasized. Treatment should include relief of hypoxia by administration of oxygen in low concentration and prevention of acute respiratory embarrassment due to distention of the stomach by feedings. Removal of air from the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum is necessary in severe cases.

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