GROWTH HORMONE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-950
Author(s):  
Allen Root
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Fat Stores

Growth hormone influences protein, fat, carbohydrate, and mineral metabolism. It promotes nitrogen retention, growth of cartilage, transportation of amino acids through the cell wall, and incorporation of amino acids into protein. This factor mobilizes free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases the serum concentration of these substances; long-term administration of this hormone is followed by depletion of body fat stores and inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. In diabetic subjects growth hormone administration is followed by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketosis; its effect on carbohydrate metabolism in normal subjcets is more subtle. Sodium, potassium, and inorganic phosphate are retained following the administration of growth hormone. Hypercalciuria also accompanies such treatment, an effect mediated through the parathyroid glands. Human growth hormone may be detected in the serum through the use of the radioimmunoassay. The hypothalamus is intimately involved with the control of the secretion and release of growth hormone from the pituitary. There is a correlation between the availability of glucose for metabolism and the plasma concentration of growth hormone; when glucose is unavailable growth hormone is released in order to provide a substitute source of energy, fatty acids. The administration of growth hormone to the patient with hypopituitarism is followed by growth in many instances, but it has not usually been effective in promoting growth in individuals with other abnormalities. Acquired resistance to the effect of growth hormone is accompanied by the development of antibodies directed against this protein.

EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF LARGE DOSES OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN ADULT, NON-DIABETIC, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED WOMEN; STUDIES WITH 14C-LABELLED GLUCOSE

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Ikkos ◽  
Rolf Luft
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Term Administration

ABSTRACT Five adult, non-diabetic, hypophysectomized women were given human growth hormone (HGH) in doses of 10–20 mg/d for 2–3 days (total dose 30–60 mg). HGH induced nitrogen retention as well as fasting – and excessive postprandial – hyperglycaemia and glycosuria. These changes disappeared when HGH-treatment was stopped. The findings were interpreted as demonstrating that the development of »idiohypophyseal« diabetes mellitus in human subjects is possible. Studies with 14C-labelled glucose in these subjects showed that the turnover rate of glucose was decreased by HGH, and that the absolute values for peripheral disposal of glucose were unchanged in three patients, decreased in one and transitorily decreased in the fifth. Since the blood glucose level increased during HGH, the results of the 14C-glucose studies were taken as evidence that peripheral glucose metabolism is depressed by HGH in man.

BONE GROWTH AND METABOLIC STUDIES OF PREMATURE INFANTS TREATED WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-842
Author(s):  
G. Chiumello ◽  
A. Vaccari ◽  
F. Sereni
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Urinary Hydroxyproline ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Hydroxyproline Excretion

The influence of exogenous human growth hormone on growth and metabolism of premature infants was observed. It was not possible to register any increase of linear bone growth after hormone administration; concomitantly urinary hydroxyproline excretion did not change significantly. Nitrogen balance studies indicated a sharp increase of nitrogen retention, due to a reduced urinary excretion, in all infants. Calcium and phosphorus balances rose in three out of four premature infants treated with growth hormone, but the characteristic STH calciuric action of STH was not observed. Furthermore, STH failed to induce any significant increase in NEFA serum concentration of premature infants. It may therefore be concluded that the metabolic response of premature infants to STH differs consistently from that normally observed in more mature subjects.

LONG TERM OBSERVATION OF THE GROWTH PROMOTING ACTION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Reiss ◽  
Janet Hillman ◽  
J. J. Pearse ◽  
Jean M. Reiss ◽  
Nelly Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Treatment Level

ABSTRACT The growth rates of a series of physically and mentally retarded male patients aged 7½ – 13½ years were studied before, during, and after treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin. HCG was given for two to seven months and a final check was made one to three years after treatment stopped. The rate of growth of the patients was considerably increased during treatment, frequently exceeding that seen during a normal pubertal growth spurt. Although the growth rate decreased after treatment stopped, it remained above the pre-treatment level. No evidence of premature epiphyseal closure was seen. The majority of the patients achieved a higher height and weight percentile. Changes in blood alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium were measured and were similar to those seen after treatment with human growth hormone. The acute effect of an injection of HCG on plasma non-esterified fatty acids was different from that reported for human growth hormone since no change was seen in the rise of free fatty acids during fasting. It is assumed that treatment with HCG triggers the endogenous production of steroids which, in their turn, stimulate pituitary anterior lobe activity.

THE METABOLIC EFFECT OF A SMALL UNIFORM DOSE OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE IN HYPOPITUITARY DWARFS AND IN CONTROL CHILDREN

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prader ◽  
M. Zachmann ◽  
R. Poley ◽  
R. Illig
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Term Administration

ABSTRACT The results of a metabolic test with short-term administration of small doses of human growth hormone (2 mg/m2 of HGH Raben daily) in 17 hypopituitary dwarfs and in 15 control children are described. A much greater N-retention is found in the hypopituitary patients. The excretion of creatinine and creatine decreases and the excretion of calcium increases in both groups. Serum urea-N decreases in both groups. Serum α-NH2-N increases and the α-NH2-N-clearance decreases in the hypopituitary patients, while this is not the case in the control children. Serum inorganic phosphorus increases and alkaline phosphatase decreases in the hypopituitary patients. An attempt has been made to correlate some of the metabolic responses.

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