POVERTY, PROSPERITY, AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Educational Disadvantage

Although poverty and low socioeconomic status are associated with higher rates and more disabling consequences of various mental disorders in adults, the association between these factors and the occurrence of mental health problems in children is less clear-cut and may vary between different types of community. Since poverty is often the background for a whole cluster of psychosocial phenomena (e.g., broken homes, loose family ties, educational disadvantage, increased rates of delinquency and crime, illegitimate births) it is likely that its effects on child mental health are mediated through those factors rather than through income levels only. While the evidence is not complete, it appears that when poverty or low social status lead to family disorganization and disruption, then there are adverse effects on the mental health and psychosocial development of children. If the relief of poverty facilitates family functioning, the mental health benefits of such measures may be substantial. On the other hand, raising the level of income alone does not automatically have this beneficial effect, and there is ample evidence from many developed countries that increasing affluence does not reduce the extent and frequency of mental health problems. Indeed, children in developed countries have considerable mental health problems in spite of prosperity.

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 316-329
Author(s):  
Ruzita Azmi ◽  
Siti Nur Samawati Ahmad ◽  
Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Uk

Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.

MULTIPLE ACCESS POINTS AND LEVELS OF ENTRY (MAPLE): ENSURING CHOICE, ACCESSIBILITY AND EQUITY FOR CBT SERVICES

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Lovell ◽  
David Richards
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Traditional Service ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems

Mental health problems contribute 23% to the global burden of disease in developed countries (WHO, 1999). In the U.K., recent legislation attempts to address this by modernizing mental health services so that they provide evidence based, accessible and non-discriminatory services for both serious and common mental health problems. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has a robust evidence base that fits very well with the thrust of policy. However, CBT's delivery systems are rooted in traditional service models, which pay little attention to the growing evidence base for brief and single-strand treatments over complex or multi-strand interventions. Services characterized by 9-5 working, hourly appointments and face-to-face therapy disenfranchise the majority of people who would benefit from CBT. In this paper we argue that the evidence exists for service protocols that promote equity, accessibility and choice and that CBT services should be organized around multiple levels of entry and service delivery rather than the more usual secondary care referral systems.

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Ruzita Azmi ◽  
Siti Nur Samawati Ahmad ◽  
Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Uk

Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Early Adolsecent: A Prevalence Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karimah Hanim Abd Aziz ◽  
Nurjasmine Aida Jamani ◽  
Nur Wal Affa Aziz ◽  
Fatin Shahira Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family History ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescent is increasing in trend as reported in the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS). Male, younger age group and from low socioeconomic status were at higher risk to develop this problem. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of mental health problems and their associated factors among young adolescent in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 211 standard 4 and 5 (aged 10-11) students in July 2017. A validated Malay version Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) which consisted of five problem subdomains (emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer and prosocial) was filled by parents. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of mental health problems among young adolescents was 16.3%. The commonest mental health problems were peer (45.8%), conduct (27.2%) and prosocial (18.7%). Higher household income (OR: 2.66, CI: 1.186-5.995), higher household number (OR: 0.593, Cl: 0.416-0.845) and no family history of mental illness (OR: 24.53, CI: 1.506-399.65) were associated with mental health problems. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of mental health problems was higher than that was reported by NHMS in 2015. Adolescents from higher household income family and no family history of mental problems were more likely to develop emotional problems. However, higher household number was found to be a protective factor against mental health problems.

scholarly journals Awareness on Mental Health Problems and Help Seeking Behavior among College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Viswanatha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Help Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Distress Scale

Mental health has become a thoroughly studied concept in developed countries. Accordingly, a significant amount of research has focused on the intentions of college students and adolescents to seek help for mental health problems. This study aims at assessing help-seeking behavior for common mental disorders among students from Narayana group of institutions. Multi stage sampling technique was employed. Help sources were assessed using the Actual Help Seeking Questionnaire and mental health status was assessed using the 10-item Kessler psychological distress scale. A total of 760 students were involved in the study. Instruments were self-administered; Multi regression analysis was used. From the respondents, 58.4% students were found to have current mental health problems and 7.9% of the students reported ideas of harming themselves. 78.4% students had sought help for their problems. 83.8% sought help from one or more of the informal help sources. Parents, friends and religious leaders were the source of help. This may be due to lack of information about availability of mental health services.

scholarly journals Are Healthy Habits Associated With Reduced Mental Health Problems?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Moreno-Mencia ◽  
David Cantarero-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Healthy Habits

Abstract Background: Mental illness is an increasing problem in developed countries and affect a large number of the Spanish population. Moreover, it contributes to early retirement and also some working conditions, such as the stress level or the satisfaction with the job, are associated with an the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The purpose of this article is to investigate the Spanish regional differences in the effect that some life conditions, such as obesity, doing exercise regularly, having a good diet, not smoking or not drinking alcohol has on mental health problems. Methods: We use data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2017 in order to estimate a multilevel logit model with the objective to calculate the effects of life conditions factors on mental health outcomes. The main objective is to provide a comparable framework for the Spanish population with different characteristics though multilevel analysis. Results: People has, in average, 10.6% chances of having depression across all regions. Similarly we can show that in average, the probability of having anxiety problems is a 9.4% and is a 2.2% in case of other mental illnesses across the Spanish Regions. Men have less probability of having mental health problems, the same as married people, those with higher level of studies and the ones which are satisfied at work. Moreover, having healthy habits reduce the probability of suffering any mental disorder. On the other hand, older people and obese have more probability of developing a mental illness. Conclusions: Mental disorders are a growing public health problem in developed countries. So that, Governments has taken measures to deal with the problem such as the prevention. In order to prevent the mental problems they have to concentrate efforts in stress reduction, measures to decrease alcohol and tobacco consumption, to incentive the healthy life avoiding obesity problems, etc.

scholarly journals Sleep problems among immigrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Øien-Ødegaard ◽  
M Straiton ◽  
M K R Kjøllesdal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Majority Population

Abstract Background The prevalence of insomnia has increased from 11.9% to 15.5% between 2001 and 2011. At the same time, there has been a strong increase in immigration, and today immigrants constitute about 14% of the population. However, we do not know if these increases are related. There is limited information about immigrants’ mental health problems, and more specifically, their sleep problems. There is an established association between low socioeconomic status and higher chance of experiencing sleep problems, and we aim to investigate if this also is the case for immigrants in Norway, and whether being an immigrant is a risk factor. Methods Using the Living Conditions Survey for Immigrants 2016, we conducted logistic regression analyses to investigate associations between sleep problems and socioeconomic status among immigrant groups. We also preformed analyses comparing the results for immigrants as a whole and the majority population. Preliminary results The analysis indicates a strong relationship between socioeconomic status and sleep problems for immigrants and the majority alike, but also a strong moderating effect of being in the majority population. Women have higher odds of experiencing sleep problems than men, but the odds are much higher for immigrant women than for majority women. When taking origin country into the analysis, we see that only 3 of 12 countries have significantly different odds than the majority. Men from Iraq and Iran have particularly higher odds, while Eritrean women have lower. Conclusions Sleep problems are associated with other mental health problems, unemployment, substance abuse and increased mortality. Our finding, that immigrants have higher odds of sleep problems, is something medical professional and teachers should be aware of. Several barriers need to be addressed to increase the level of help seeking. This includes enhanced access of health information, and availability of mental health services. Key messages Immigrants have higher odds than the majority population for experiencing sleep problems, also when controlling for socioeconomic status. Immigrant women are particularly exposed to sleep problems, although there are considerable variations according to country of origin.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer ◽  
Anne Kaman ◽  
Michael Erhart ◽  
Janine Devine ◽  
Robert Schlack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented changes in the lives of 1.6 billion children and adolescents. First non-representative studies from China, India, Brazil, the US, Spain, Italy, and Germany pointed to a negative mental health impact. The current study is the first nationwide representative study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health of children and adolescents in Germany from the perspective of children themselves. A representative online survey was conducted among n = 1586 families with 7- to 17-year-old children and adolescents between May 26 and June 10. The survey included internationally established and validated instruments for measuring HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), and depression (CES-DC). Results were compared with data from the nationwide, longitudinal, representative BELLA cohort study (n = 1556) conducted in Germany before the pandemic. Two-thirds of the children and adolescents reported being highly burdened by the COVID-19 pandemic. They experienced significantly lower HRQoL (40.2% vs. 15.3%), more mental health problems (17.8% vs. 9.9%) and higher anxiety levels (24.1% vs. 14.9%) than before the pandemic. Children with low socioeconomic status, migration background and limited living space were affected significantly more. Health promotion and prevention strategies need to be implemented to maintain children’s and adolescents’ mental health, improve their HRQoL, and mitigate the burden caused by COVID-19, particularly for children who are most at risk.

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