Apnea Recordings of Healthy Infants at 40, 44, and 52 Weeks Postconception

A total of 129 recordings of the respiratory activity of 46 normal full-term infants were obtained continuously for 24 hours in the hospital nursery at 3 days of life and in the home environment at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after birth. The pediatric pneumogram (PPG) technique, an impedance method, was used. Pneumogram data over longer than 16 hours was obtained on 77% of infants monitored. No infants experienced apnea longer than 15 seconds in duration at 40 and 44 weeks postconception. or greater than 11 seconds at 52 weeks postconception. Twenty-four hour plots of hourly apnea frequency revealed a marked variability, with evidence of clustering of apneic episodes during periods of reported sleep. Longest apnea time and hourly frequency of apneic episodes were highly correlated.

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Clinical Investigations: Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Full-Term Neonates With Perinatal Asphyxia

Folia Medica ◽

10.2478/folmed-2014-0013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ina E. Geneva ◽

Maya B. Krasteva ◽

Stefan S. Kostianev

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽

Amplitude Ratio ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Full Term ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Term Infants ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Term Newborns

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore the capacity of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) to assess maturation processes in the development of the nervous system, and the characteristics of SEP in healthy full-term infants and full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia and their follow up until the age of 14 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SEP were studied in 21 healthy full-term infants and 38 full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia. The children with asphyxia were studied longitudinally until they were 14 months old. To assess the SEP we measured the latency of the P15, N20 and P25 components, the amplitude ratio N20/ P25 and inter-peak intervals P15-N20 and N20-P25. RESULTS: The component that was most typically always found in the SEP recordings of both healthy infants and those with perinatal asphyxia was N20. The mean latency values of P15, N20 and P25 were higher in the children with perinatal asphyxia (p ⋋ 0.001). The SEP amplitude was highly variable (CoV% = 76.6%). The latencies became shorter with age in asphyxia patients aged 0 to 14 months, the shortening being the greatest in the first trimester, while they showed no statistically significant differences in infants aged 6 to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: SEPs in the neonatal period differ considerably from those of adults and older children in the morphology and longer potential latency, which can be accounted for by the incomplete myelination of nerve fibers. The changes in SEP latency in patients with HIE stages I and II follow the same pattern found in healthy children - latency became shorter with increasing age, which was most pronounced in the first 3 months. SEP latency was found to be correlated with height and age. No differences were found in the latency of potentials between healthy infants and infants with brain hemorrhage. Recording SEP is a sensitive method to assess the CNS in children with perinatal asphyxia and to monitor the maturation of the somatosensory pathway.

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Behavior During Tooth Brushing in the Home Environment in Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada ◽

10.4034/pboci.2017.171.42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

ECV Dadalto ◽

KS Andrade ◽

AMM Gomes ◽

LC Sarmento ◽

EM Rosa

Keyword(s):

Home Environment ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants

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Rules for Breast-feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.66.5.818a ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 818-818

Author(s):

Howard Isenberg

Keyword(s):

American Academy ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽

Income Groups ◽

Correct Information ◽

Nursing Mothers ◽

Highly Correlated

The Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics has stated, "Breast-feeding is strongly recommended for full-term infants."1 Although breast-feeding is increasing, especially among higher income groups, the failure rate among nursing mothers remains high.2 Even highly motivated and educated mothers are often forced to stop nursing earlier than they had wished.2 It has been shown that successful nursing is highly correlated with possession of correct information concerning nursing.3 In order to help our nursing mothers, I made the following handout entitled "The Six Essentials of Successful Nursing" based on various articles about breast-feeding.1, 4-6

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BIOMARKERS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN FULL-TERM INFANTS

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-1-23-29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

T.A. Mammadova ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Full Term ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Infants ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Term Newborns ◽

New Biomarkers

Objective of the research: to assess the value of new biomarkers – erythropoietin (EPO), nitric oxide (NO), calcium ion for the early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in full-term newborns. Materials and methods: 100 full-term infants with NEC and 30 generally healthy infants (control group) were examined. In newborns of both groups in the first 2 weeks of life, plasma NO levels were determined by the colorimetric method (Caymans Nitrate/Nitrite Colorimetric Assay Kit) using an ELISYS UNO HUMAN; EPO – by Human Enzyme Immunoassay ELISA Kit, calcium ions – by a photometric test with BioScreen MS2000. Results: an increase in EPO levels and a decrease in Ca+2 level were revealed in patients depending on the NEC stage. In patients with stage I NEC, EPO and NO values increased by 54% and 46%, respectively, and the Ca+2 values were decreased by 19% in comparison with indicators in children of the control group. In patients with stage II NEC, EPO values increased by 70%, NO – by 124%, and Ca+2 were decreased by 61% compared to the indicators of children in the control group. In patients with stage III NEC, EPO values increased by 100%, NO – by 222% compared with the indicators of children in the control group. Conclusion: EPO, NO, and Ca+2 are biomarkers of early diagnosis of NEC in term infants and detection of severe variants of the disease.

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Intravenous Nitrogen Intake Requirements in Full-Term Newborns Undergoing Surgery

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.73.4.493 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 493-496

Author(s):

Stanley H. Zlotkin

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Weight Change ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Nitrogen Intake ◽

Acid Formulation ◽

Crystalline Amino Acids

To determine the intravenous intake of nitrogen needed to duplicate the weight gain and nitrogen retention observed in healthy infants fed human milk, full-term infants had weight change and nitrogen balance measured postoperatively while they were receiving two different parenteral regimens which provided adequate energy (87 kcal/kg/d) and varying intakes of nitrogen as crystalline amino acids (290 to 579 mg/kg/d) over a six-day period. Weight change was similar to that observed in breast-fed infants (35 g/d) and was independent of nitrogen intake. A significant correlation was observed between nitrogen intake and retention (r = .71, P < .01). Substituting the rate of nitrogen retention observed in thriving full-term infants fed human milk into the regression equation describing the relationship between nitrogen intake and retention, the nitrogen intake required by parenterally fed infants in order to duplicate the accretion rate of their milk-fed counterparts was 280 mg/kg/d. After correcting for individual variation, recommended intravenous amino acid intakes range from 2.3 to 2.7 g/kg/d depending on the commercial amino acid formulation chosen and providing that adequate amounts of energy are concurrently infused.

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The Effects of Birth Condition on Infants' Cortisol Response to Stress

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.95.4.546 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 546-549

Author(s):

Douglas S. Ramsay ◽

Michael Lewis

Keyword(s):

Full Term ◽

Cortisol Response ◽

Term Infants ◽

Developmental Shift ◽

Optimal Functioning ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Small Head ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Low Cortisol ◽

Minute Apgar Score

Objective, design, and subjects. To examine the effects of nonoptimal birth condition on cortisol response to routine inoculation in a longitudinal sample of full-term healthy infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Measurement and main results. Optimal versus non-optimal birth condition was defined by a large versus small head circumference and a high versus low 1-minute Apgar score. An optimal birth condition was associated with a high cortisol response at 2 months, but a low cortisol response by 6 months of age. Conclusions. The findings indicate a reversal in the meaning of high adrenocortical reactivity between 2 and 6 months of age: high cortisol response may index optimal functioning at 2 months, but nonoptimal functioning by 6 months of age. Together with other results, this reversal provides evidence for a developmental shift in adrenocortical functioning during this period. The findings also show that the effects of a nonoptimal birth condition in otherwise healthy full-term infants persist for at least the first 6 months of life.

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